• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.76-76
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• 2002

무주나무(Lasianthus japonicus Miquel)는 일본, 대만, 중국 등에 분포하고 열대 및 아열대의 상록활엽수림에서만 자라는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 우리나라에는 제주도 남쪽계곡에만 분포하는 희귀식물이다. 무주나무는 현재 환경부 지정 보호야생식물로 보호되고 있으나 개체특성 및 자생지에 대한 정확한 조사가 이루어진 바 없다. 본 연구는 무주나무의 자생지 현황과 생육특성을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 무주나무의 자생지는 제주도 남제주군 남원읍 하례리 해발 250m의 계곡 동사면과 서귀포시 돈네코 계곡의 해발 350 m 계곡의 서사면 등 2개소로 확인되었다. 자생지별 개체수는 남원읍 하례리 4개체, 서귀포시 돈네코계곡 5개체 등 총 9개체에 불과하였다. 자생지는 계곡의 상록수림 하부에 바위 위 부엽토나, 습한 계곡 사면이었으며, 교목층에는 구실잣밤나무, 비쭈기나무, 황칠나무, 동백나무 등이 우점하고, 관목층에는 사스레피나무, 백량금, 산호수 등이 우점하는 상록활엽수림이었다. 분포 개체의 수고는 최소 0.4 m, 최대 1.55 m로 평균 1.5 m 였다. 생장특성을 조사한 결과 줄기는 어릴 때는 사각형이지만 점차 원형으로 되며, 일정한 마디가 있고 털이 없으며, 잎은 대생하고, 혁질이며, 중륵과 측맥이 뚜렷한 특성을 갖고 있었다. 열매는 장과형으로 성숙 시에는 남색이며 털이 없으며, 직경 약 6-7 mm, 4-5개의 종자가 들어 있었다. 종자는 반달형이며, 3개의 홈이 지는 특성을 갖고 있었다. 현재의 자생지는 자연적인 요인으로서 토양유실이 심하게 일어나고 있는 지역이었으며, 교목 또는 다른 관목에 의한 피압으로 무주나무의 생장에 부적절한 환경으로 판단되었다. 따라서 자생지의 적절한 식생관리와 지속적인 자생지 조사 및 자생지외 보존에 관한 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 생각된다.$I_{NO}$ 가 죽절초를 제외한 3종에서 여름철 낮시간에 증가하였다. 겨울철의 O-J-I-P곡선은 모든 종에서 낮시간에 다소 낮아지지만 큰 변화는 없었다. 그리고, 문주란, 박달목서, 파초일엽에서 $\psi$o/(1-$\psi$o)가 낮시간에 다소 증가하였다. 이로부터 P $I_{NO}$ , SF $I_{NO}$ , $\psi$o/(1-$\psi$o)등의 변수는 식물의 활력도를 검정하는 지표로 활용될 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.irc}C$) 까지 동시에 냉각된 사실을 지시한다. 각섬석 편암내의 각섬석들은 복잡한 40Ar/39Ar 연대를 보여주며 일부가 평형연대를 보여주지만 특별한 의미 부여가 힘들다.해예방행동을 촉구하는 등의 효과도 높은 것으로 예방의학적인 유용성이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 미침을 알 수 있었다. 대두 단백질로 코팅된 golden delicious는 상온에서60일 동안 보관하였을 경우, 사과표피의 색도 변화를 현저히 지연시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 control과 비교하여 성공적으로 사과에 코팅하였으며, 상온에서 보관하여을 때 사과의 품질을 30일 이상 연장하는 효과를 관찰하였다. 이들 결과로부터 대두단백질 필름이 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.86-102
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: According to the types of human interference, there are various plants that have strong vitality and ability to breed in the dry field. Recently, climate change alters the geographical distribution and phenology of the plant species. So, we need to understand present occurrence pattern and ecological characteristics of these plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: The plant species data were obtained from 8 regions in Jeolla-do. Flora investigation was done from May 2013 to September 2013. Habitat type of dry field in Jeolla-do was classified into 3 types (inside of dry field: IDF, embankment around the end of a dry field: EDF, levee slope of dry field: LS). The vascular plants of study area were listed 296 taxa which contain 68 families, 203 genera, 244 species, 43 varieties and 9 forms. The vascular plants of three different habitat types were IDF 174 taxa, EDF 249 taxa and LS 136 taxa. The occurrence rate of Therophyte was arranged by the order of IDF(67.6%), EDF(51.9%), LS(54.3%). Naturalized rate was analysed as IDF 27.9%, EDF 21.0%, LS 18.6%. Urbanization index was analysed as IDF 11.8%, EDF 13.7%, LS 10.0%. CONCLUSION: With these results, we found that three habitat types were ecological difference affected by the human impacts. Also, we found environmental indicators through the ecological characteristics of flora for the type of habitat of dry field. These indicators will help assess the agriculture environmental variability and the floral change according to the climate change in dry field.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.378-401
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• 2019

This study generated a list of plants in eight sections from the Baekdansa ticket office (874m) to Cheonjedan (1,560m) divided in the interval of 100m above sea level to examine the species diversity patterns and distribution changes of the vascular plants at different altitudes in Taebaeksan National Park. Four site surveys found a total of 385 taxa: 89 families, 240 genera, 345 species, 5 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 1 form. A result of analyzing the change of species diversity along elevational gradients showed that it decreased with increasing elevation and then increased from a certain section. A result of analyzing habitat affinity types showed that the proportion of forest species increased with increasing elevation. On the other hand, the ruderal species appeared at a high rate in the artificial interference section. A result of comparing the proportion of woody and herb plants showed that the woody plants gradually increased with elevation and rapidly decreased in the artificial interference section. On the other hand, the herb plants showed the opposite trend. A result of analyzing the change of distribution of species according to altitude with the DCA technique showed that the vascular plants were divided into three groups according to the elevation in order on the I axis with the boundaries at 900m and 1,300m above sea level. The arrangement of each stand from right to left along the altitude on the I axis with a significant correlation with warmth index (WI) confirmed that the temperature change along the altitude could affect the distribution of vascular plants, composition, and diversity. Therefore, the continuous monitoring is necessary to confirm ecological and environmental characteristics of vegetation, distribution ranges, changes of habitat. We expect that the results of this study will be used as the basic data for establishing the measurement measures related to the preservation of biodiversity and climate change.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop the breeding and cultivation of Allium grayi by investigating its natural habitats in Korea. The number of sunny, half-shady, and shady natural habitats were 194 (64.0%), 96 (31.7%), and 13 (4.3%), respectively. Natural habitats included upland (51.2%), Buddhist temple (18.8%), mountain (11.6%), roadside (7.9%), river (5.9%), paddy field (2.3%), and seashore (2.3%). Natural habitats ranged widely in all areas between $33^{\circ}N{\sim}38^{\circ}N$ and $126^{\circ}E{\sim}130^{\circ}E$. Self-generation patterns included growing spontaneously with a 1~10m distance between plants, and there were 3~5 bulbils around each bulb. The sprout stage began in September and continued until March of next year in natural habitats. The bolting period was May, with the following three patterns: tuber (59.2%), flower and tuber (24.7%), and flower (16.1%).

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.477-484
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• 2017

In the conventional recirculation fish farms, there is a lot of difficulties due to lack of professional manpower and high reliance on imported measurement equipment. In this paper, we implement an automatic water quality measurement system which can measure the pollution degree in a water tank of fish farms using an optical sensor(pH, DO) with the IoT technology. The problem with existing systems is that the fish tank should be checked by means of human, or put the measuring equipment into the water tank of fish farms and measurement directly. But, it has a bad influence on the growth of fish. In this paper, we propose a method of indirect measurement without immersing the measurement equipment in a water tank of fish farm and develop a sustainable measurement system in an environment containing salt and lots of pollutants without affecting the growth of fish within the water tank of fish farms.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2012

들깨는 아직 식물학적으로 분류는 되어 잇지 않으나 일반 식물분류학상 꿀풀과(진형과(唇形科); Labiatae)에 속하는 1년생 초본으로 동부 아시아지역이 원산지로 한국, 일본, 중국 동북부 등의 저위도 지역에서 광지역성 작물로 생육온도가 $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$ 사이에서는 광합성 속도가 거의 변화가 없고 $20^{\circ}C$에서 최대에 이르며 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 급격히 떨어지는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 들깨의 생육 적온은 $20^{\circ}C$ 전후로 벼, 옥수수 등 다른 여름작물에 비해 낮으며, 온도에 대한 반응은 매우 둔감한 반면, 광량에는 아주 민감하게 반응하는 기름작물이다. 우리나라의 농서에는 이조시대인 1429년 정초(鄭招)의 농사직설(農事直說)에서 들깨를 유마(油麻), 수임자(水荏子)로 기록한 이래 여러 문헌에 임(荏), 임자(荏子), 수임(水荏), 수소마(水蘇麻), 유마(油麻), 지마(脂麻) 등으로 불리워져 왔다. 예로부터 들깨는 쓰임새도 다양하여 식용기름, 등화용 이외에도 잎에서 나는 독특한 냄새를 가축들이 싫어하여 농작물을 보호하기 위한 목적으로 밭 둘레에 심거나 기상재해로 소득 작물 재배가 어려울 때 대파작물(代播作物)로 이용되어 왔다. 세계적으로 한국인만 식용으로 즐겨 사용하는 들깨가 근래에는 경제성장으로 국민 소비형태가 다양화되는 추세로 들깨를 종실뿐 아니라 신선 잎채소로 이용하는 양이 크게 증가하고 있으며 들깨기름에 들어있는 ${\alpha}$-리놀렌산이 오메가-3 지방산으로서 고혈압 등의 성인병 예방과 학습능력향상에 효과적이라는 사실이 밝혀짐에 따라 들깨를 이용한 오메가3 계란, 오메가3 두유 등 다양하게 건강식품으로 응용되고 최근 동물성 어류에서 추출하던 오메가-3 해양 오염. 프랑크톤의 먹이사슬 등의 환경문제로 들깨기름의 식물성 오메가-3로 대체하는 영향이 세계적으로 인식되기 시작하여 우리 한국 들깨의 우수성을 세계인들에게 널리 알리는데 노력하여야 하고 국내에서 농촌에 들깨 심기을 보다 확대하여 소득작물로 육성하여야 한다고 본다. 들깨는 식물 유지류 작물중 오메가-3가 가장 많은 60%이상의 함유량으로 기능성 건강 보조식품의 원료 및 사료로 이용되는 등 새로운 소득 작물로 자리 잡아가고 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.780-790
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• 2015

Studies for a plants factory is progressing for cultivating various plants by the needs of the times and industry around world. However most studies is carried out only in lab sized plants factory. It does not consider an economic feasibility. The study for a large scale plants factory is very required to get an economic gain. In this paper we has been studying a smart farm factory based on ICT using the hydroponics ginseng. The smart farm factory is to extend a concept of the general plants factory to full automated factory. The factory can collect the information about growing of plants and automate operating and management of factory like the existing plants factory. Also it is the total plants factory management system, which analyzes the collected information for optimized growth and development of plants and applies the result to the system back.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate effects of fertilization treatments (non-fertilizing, deep-fertilizing 20g, 50g, 100g, and surface-fertilizing 20g) on survival rate, growth performances, and seedling quality index (SQI) of container seedling and bare root seedling of Pinus densiflora in the field. There were no significantly differences in survival rate among fertilization treatments in the field. Besides, there was no toxic effect on seedling by over 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatment. The root collar diameter and height of P. densiflora in both seedling types were the highest at 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatments, and the biomass products and SQI were the same as above growth of root collar diameter and height. In most of the treatments, container seedlings showed better growth performances than bare root seedlings. In optimal fertilization, effect of fertilization was higher in container seedling than bare root seedling.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2004

Farmers typically apply the dressed soil (coarse saprolite) for various reasons in the sloped upland with high altitude in Kangwon province. However, little researches on the impacts of application of dressed soil in uplands were conducted. Therefore, it is necessary to assess soil quality in this area and to study adverse effects on soil and water due to application of dressed soil. Coarse saprolite itself showed signiScantly poor chemical properties, Particularly P and organic matter contents were not enough for crops to grow. With respect to biological qualities such as enzyme activity and microbial population, coarse saprolite itself showed poor qualities. For example, bacterial population in coarse saprolite contains six times or ten times smaller populations. Based on survey at Jawoon-ri in Hongchon-gun, this region is susceptible for soil erosion due to massive amounts of coarse saprolite application, undesirably long slope length, etc. When weestimated soil loss, more than 40% of farming field in this region exceeded $11.2MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. According to experiment by installing sediment basins. the sediment basin with up-down tillage and application with dressed soil had the highest soil loss and runofT, while the sediment basin with contour tillage and without soil dressing showed the lowest soil erosion and runoff.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

To search for habitat characteristics of myrmecochory Melampyrum species, diaspores and related ant species, habitat characteristics, collecting fruits and diaspores of three Melampyrum species, cafeteria experiments, and the related ant species were studied from May 2012 to November 2014. The habitat of Melampyrum species was south-facing open forest edge with slightly acidic soil and relatively shallow soiil layers. Major plants coexisting with Melampyrum species were four woody species including Quercus mongolica and four herbaceous species including Carex siderosticta. These Plants might be host plants of the Melampyrum species. The shape of the diaspore was an oval seed attached to the white cap on one side. Significant differences is proved between three plant species in weight of diaspores, seeds and and elaiosome ratios. Mean values of diaspores weight showed 10.6mg, 8.0mg and 7.2mg in M. setaceum var. nakaianum, M. roseum var. ovalifolium and M. roseum, respectively. The heaviest elaiosome is M. roseum var. ovalifolium with 1.2mg, M. setaceum var. nakaianum has 1.0mg and the lightest elaiosome is M. roseum with 0.8mg. Major ant species frequently transporting the diaspores of Melampyrum species are Myrmicinae four species; Myrmica kotokui, M. excelsa, Myrmecina nipponica and Aphaenogaster japonica. Further studies on Melampyrum species, hemiparasite annual myrmecochorous plant, and related ant species should be needed.