Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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A Study on the Habitat Environment and Mutualism with Ants of Genus Melampyrum - focusing on M. roseum, M. setaceum var. nakaianum and M. roseum var. ovalifolium in Kangwondo -

며느리밥풀속 서식지 특성 및 개미와의 공생관계에 관한 연구 - 강원도의 꽃며느리밥풀, 새며느리밥풀 및 알며느리밥풀을 중심으로 -

  • Lee, Jae-Hyeon (Korea National Park Research Institute) ;
  • Lyu, Dong-Pyo (Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Life Sci. ＆ Resour., Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Gab-Tae (Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Life Sci. ＆ Resour., Sangji Univ.)
  • Received : 2015.12.15
  • Accepted : 2016.02.18
  • Published : 2016.04.29
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Abstract

To search for habitat characteristics of myrmecochory Melampyrum species, diaspores and related ant species, habitat characteristics, collecting fruits and diaspores of three Melampyrum species, cafeteria experiments, and the related ant species were studied from May 2012 to November 2014. The habitat of Melampyrum species was south-facing open forest edge with slightly acidic soil and relatively shallow soiil layers. Major plants coexisting with Melampyrum species were four woody species including Quercus mongolica and four herbaceous species including Carex siderosticta. These Plants might be host plants of the Melampyrum species. The shape of the diaspore was an oval seed attached to the white cap on one side. Significant differences is proved between three plant species in weight of diaspores, seeds and and elaiosome ratios. Mean values of diaspores weight showed 10.6mg, 8.0mg and 7.2mg in M. setaceum var. nakaianum, M. roseum var. ovalifolium and M. roseum, respectively. The heaviest elaiosome is M. roseum var. ovalifolium with 1.2mg, M. setaceum var. nakaianum has 1.0mg and the lightest elaiosome is M. roseum with 0.8mg. Major ant species frequently transporting the diaspores of Melampyrum species are Myrmicinae four species; Myrmica kotokui, M. excelsa, Myrmecina nipponica and Aphaenogaster japonica. Further studies on Melampyrum species, hemiparasite annual myrmecochorous plant, and related ant species should be needed.

우리나라에서 개미가 종자를 분산시키는 반기생 한해살이풀 며느리밥풀속 식물종의 서식지, 전파체 특성과 관련 개미를 밝히고자, 2012년 5월부터 2015년 11월까지 며느리밥풀속 3종의 서식지 특성, 열매 수집, 전파체 특성 및 급여시험을 실시하였다. 며느리밥풀속 서식지는 약산성의 토양층이 비교적 얕은 남향사면 수관층이 열린 숲 가장자리였다. 공통적으로 출현한 식물종은 신갈나무를 포함한 4수종과 대사초를 포함한 4종의 초본식물이었다. 이들 식물종들이 며느리밥풀속의 숙주식물일 가능성이 높다고 사료된다. 며느리밥풀속 전파체의 모양은 타원형의 종자 한 쪽에 백색의 지방체가 모자처럼 붙어있는 형태였다. 전파체 중량은 새며느리밥풀이 10.6mg으로 가장 무거웠고, 알며느리밥풀이 8.0mg, 꽃며느리밥풀 7.2mg의 순으로 나타났다. 지방체 중량은 알며느리밥풀이 1.2mg으로 가장 무거웠고, 새며느리밥풀 1.0mg의 순이였으며, 꽃며느리밥풀이 0.8mg으로 가장 가벼웠다. 며느리밥풀속 서식지에서 전파체를 활발히 물어가는 개미는 두마디개미아과(Myrmicinae)에 속하는 3속 4종의 몸집이 작은 개미들로 코토쿠뿔개미, 항아리뿔개미, 가시방패개미와 일본장다리개미로 확인되었다. 반기생 한해살이풀이며 개미가 종자를 산포하는 며느리밥풀속 식물체들은 개체의 생육상태에 따라서 변이가 크며, 환경조건의 변화에 민감하므로 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

Keywords

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