• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2009

Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (DBACLR) has been developed to produce better clinical outcomes in traditional single-bundle reconstruction, which showed considerable rate of dissatisfaction in restoration of stability and function of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. There is plenty of evidence that DBACLR has theoretical advantages in anatomical, biomechanical, biological, kinematical, and possibly clinical standpoint compared with traditional one but still a lack of available clinical outcome studies with sufficient follow-up to demonstrate the substantial advantages of DBACLR. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical outcomes of double-bundle technique and to address controversy exists over the usefulness of this technique.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1995

Comparative epidemiological studies on vector reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease were carried out in between south coast (the highest endemic) areas and east coast flow endemicl areas in October 1993. Fauna of field rodents and their population densities were not different between two areas. Antibody positive rate of Apodemus agrarius sera was higher in east coast (43.2% in south coast and 63.6% in east coast). High correlation (r = 0.87) was shown between antibody positive rate of A. osrwiur sera and population density of the vector mites (Leptotrombidium scutellare and 1. pnllidunl). L. scutellare was predominant in south coast, showing 110.6 chigger index (74.9% of the total chiggersl , whereas L. pcllidum was predominant in east coast, showing 126.3 chigger index (60.4% of the total). As higher population density of 1. scutellare was found in south coast where the prevalence rate of tsutsugamushi disease is the highest, it is believed that L. scutellare is more important vector species than L. pallidum which may result from more frequent vector-human contact.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2000

Purpose : In Korea, vivax malaria has been reemerged since 1993 after being abscent for more than 10 years. There are several possibilities of casuality of recent epidemic, although it is still unclear. The epidemiologic studies including case analysis and entomological reseach have been undertaken for a successful control measure. But, unfortunately those studies have been rarely dealt with cases of children. Therefore, this study was designed to figure out the characteristics of epidemiolgic and clinical features in children with indigenous vivax malaria. Methods : The study 21 cases below 15 years of age, who were diagnosed as vivax malaria and resided in kyounggi-do province area during 1998. 9~1999. 8. We retrospectively analyzed epidemiologic data concernig with occurrence of vivax, and clinical manifestations, abnormal laboratory findings and outcomes including therapeutic responses. Results : All cases were inhabitants of the endemic areas for vivax malaria in northwestern part of Kyonggi-do or western Kangwon-do, and Paju-gun was the most prevalent. Indigenous malaria cases of this study were more prevalent in children above 10 years old age, and in male. Seasonally, vivax malaria in children occurred throughout the year except January, March and November, and the incidence was the highest in July. Clinical manifestations revealed that 48 hour cyclic fever pattern was the major fever pattern, and other symptoms such as headache, vomiting, poor appetites, chilling, abdominal pain and diarrhea were concomitantly developed. And splenomegaly revealed the main abnormal findings on physical examination, and anemia was the most frequent abnormal finding in laboratory examinations. Young trophozoite was frequently observed on peripheral blood smears. The therapeutic responses of chlorquine were very good in all cases, and no recurrence developed in follow up cases. Conclusion : Geographical and seasonal occurrence distributions of indigenous vivax malaria cases in children were very similar to those of adults as followings; Inhabitants of the endemic region, more prevalent in male, and more common during the summer season. Clinically, 48 hour cyclic fever pattern, splenomegaly and anemia were most frequent and important manifestations in children cases, and clinical courses were not serious. On blood smears, young trophozoite was most dominantly examined in children. Generally, the therapeutic outcomes were excellent, and recurrences were not observed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Purpose: In arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs there are generally weak link in tendon suture interface, arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs can have higher retear rates than open repairs. The purpose of this study was to compare the strength of UU (Ulsan University) suture than open modified MA (Mason-Allen) suture when suture anchored into bone. Materials and Methods: The human supraspinatus tendons were harvested from the shoulder of the cadaver and split in 2 times, producing four tendons per one shoulder, for a total of 24 specimens. Two suture configurations (UU, MA) were randomized and checked on each set of tendons. Specimens were cyclically loaded under force control between 5 and 30 N at 0.25 Hz for fifty cycles. Each specimen was loaded to failure under displacement control at 1 mm/sec. Cyclic elongation, peak to peak displacement, stiffness, ultimate tensile load, mode of failure were checked. Results: No significant difference was found between two suture configuration with respect to peak to peak displacement, cyclic elongation, and stiffness. With regard to ultimate failure load, there were no significant difference statistically between the UU suture and modified MA suture (109.4 N, 110.6 N). The most common mode of failure between both sutures was suture pull-out through the tendon. Conclusion: The UU suture and modified MA suture produced similar biomechanical properties.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

Anterior knee pain syndrome would best be defined as a painful condition that arises in or around the patellofemoral joint and is insidious in onset and bilateral, with an enigmatic entity with multiple causes. Although its etiology is uncertain, the cause is often considered to be abnormal lower limb biomechanics, pathology of extensor mechanism, disorder of patellofemoral joint, malalignment or lateral tracking of the patella, soft tissue tightness, muscle weakness. The measurement of patellar alignment has come to be accepted as an integral part of the examination of anterior knee pain syndrome. Various measurement techniques exist, both clinical and radiological, and these have been frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition.?Treatment depends on the underlying cause of anterior knee pain and should be directed to the cause rather than to the results. Most often, this involves non-surgical measures, such as anti-inflammatory medications, quadriceps exercises, and hamstring stretching. Shin splint, or medial tibial stress syndrome refers a syndrome of pain running along the inner distal 2/3 of tibia shaft. Shin splint is a common problem for athletes whose sport involves a repeated, jarring impact to the leg. A major factor determining the efficacy of the treatment is that correct diagnosis be made of the problem. The varied etiology has led to the development of several theories as to the cause, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of shin splint. The management is rest, ice massages, pain relief by medication, and muscle strengthening exercise. Proper rehabilitation and preventative measures can ensure that there is no further recurrence.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.58-67
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• 2000

통과대문왕팔괘차서도화문왕팔괘방위도적연구(通過對文王八卦次序圖和文王八卦方位圖的硏究). 득도요여하결론(得到了如下結論). 1. 최초명명위문왕팔괘차서도화문왕팔괘방위도적인시소옹(最初命名爲文王八卦次序圖和文王八卦方位圖的人是邵雍). 문왕팔괘차서도화문왕팔괘방위도수연몰유시문왕소화적확체적근거(文王八卦次序圖和文王八卦方位圖雖然沒有是文王所畵的確切的根據), 단시종추연복희이(但是從推演伏羲易), 동사상결합(同事相結合), 최종확립여금적역학체계적인시문왕(最終確立如今的易學體系的人是文王). 이차환부합현금적역리(而且還符合現今的易理), 인차구유일정설복력(因此具有一定說服力). 2. 재문왕팔괘차서도중삼남유일양이음구성(在文王八卦次序圖中三男由一陽二陰構成). 삼녀유일음이양구성(三女由一陰二陽構成). 저가이용음양호근적원리진행설명(這可以用陰陽互根的原理進行說明). 3. 복희팔괘방위도현시모종공간상(伏羲八卦方位圖顯示某種空間相). 이문왕팔괘방위도칙현시사시(而文王八卦方位圖則顯示四時). 팔절적변화화만물생장적류행주기등시간상적변화(八節的變化和萬物生長的流行周期等時間上的變化). 4. 문왕팔괘방위도동사시적오행상일치(文王八卦方位圖同四時的五行相一致). 시상생관계(是相生關係), 팔괘당중각유양개목김토(八卦當中各有兩개木金土). 시유우형흔왕성(是由于形흔旺盛), 수화각유일개시유우기흔왕성(水火各有一개是由于氣흔旺盛). 5. 문왕팔괘방위도재표면상간호상시오행상생적관계(文王八卦方位圖在表面上看好象是五行相生的關係). 단시(但是), 상호성대면적팔괘적오행도성상극관계(相互成對面的八卦的五行都成相剋關係). 화동측상임적감수(和東側相臨的坎水) 간토(艮土) 진목(震木) 손목도시성상극관계(孫木都是成相剋關係). 종차가이지도상극시발전만물적주체(從此可以知道相剋是發展萬物的主體). 6. 대우복희팔괘전화위문왕팔괘적원리(對于伏羲八卦轉化爲文王八卦的原理), 수유각종이론제출(雖有各種理論提出). 단시상무확체적설법(但是尙無確切的說法). 7. 복희팔괘주요체현천도화외상등(伏羲八卦主要體現天道和外象等), 문왕팔괘측체현인사화내정등(文王八卦側體現人事和內情等). 8. 복희팔괘위체(伏羲八卦爲體), 문왕팔괘위용(文王八卦爲用). 복희팔괘중(伏羲八卦中), 위변화적주체적천지즉건곤위우중축(爲變化的主體的天地卽乾坤位于中軸). 문왕팔괘중(文王八卦中), 위변화적대용적일월즉감리위우중축(位變化的大用的日月卽坎離位于中軸). 9. 복희팔괘도속우표현춘천적변화지상적제일괘도(伏羲八卦圖屬于表現春天的變化之象的第一掛圖), 생괘도화창조도(生掛圖和倉曹圖), 문왕팔괘도칙속우표현하천적변화지상적제이괘도(文王八卦圖則屬于表現夏天的變化之象的第二掛圖), 장괘도화발전도(長掛圖和發展圖). 10. 문왕팔괘도시류행이치기용적역지용(文王八卦圖是流行以致其用的易之用), 표현무질서화혼란(表現無秩序和混亂), 위화여괴리상호란무적난음난양지상(韋和與乖離相互亂舞的亂陰亂陽之象). 11. 문왕팔괘도화낙서적변화원리상일치(文王八卦圖和洛書的變化原理相一致), 가이장낙서적수직접대응도문왕팔괘도중(可以將洛書的數直接對應到文王八卦圖中). 우명낙서팔괘도(又名洛書八卦圖). 구수도혹일구역(九數圖或一九易). 12. 문왕팔괘도적상대응적수자지합도위십(文王八卦圖的相對應的數字之合都爲十). 저예시료성괘도십수도적출현(這豫示了成掛圖十數圖的出現).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.467-473
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• 2000

As a rectangular wire Is inserted into edgewise brackets the wire exerts a force system three-dimensionally. The force system may include bending force in first and second orders and a torsional force in third order Analytical and experimental studies on bending force have been Introduced, but information about torsion is still lack. The purpose of this study was to estimate the torsional moment in the force system of rectangular arch wires through theoretical and experimental studies. Wires most frequently used for third order control were selected as study materials. Cross sections of 0.016x0.022, 0.017x0.025, 0.019x0.025 inch rectangular wires in foot different materials such as stainless steel(Ormco), TMA(Ormco), NiTi(Ormco), and braided stainless steel (DentaFlex, Dentaurum) were used. The torque/twist rate of each test material was calculated using the torsion formula. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment were measured with a torque gauge. The torsion formula assesses that the torque/twist rate (T/$\theta$) is proportional to the characteristics of material (G) and cross section (J), and is inversely proportional to the length of wire (L). Most experimental results corresponded with the formula. The relative stiffness was calculated for reference to a logical sequence of wire changes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

Nervous system is clinically important, and involved in most disorders directly or indirectly. It could be injury and be a source of symptoms. Injury of central or peripheral nervous system injury may affect that mechanism and interrupt normal function. An understanding of the concepts of axonal transport is important for physical therapist who treat injury of nerves. Three connective tissue layers are the endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium. Each has its own special structural characteristics and functional properties. The blood supply to the nervous system is well equipped in all dynamic and static postures with intrinsic and extrinsic vasculation. After nerve injury, alternations in the ionic compression or pressures within this environment may interfere with blood flow and, consequently conduction and the flow of axoplasm. The cytoskeleton are not static. On the contrary, elements of the cytoskeleton are dynamically regulated and are very likely in continual motion. It permits neural mobility. There are different axonal transport systems within a single axon, of which two main flows have been identified : First, anterograde transport system, Secondly, retrograde transport system. The nervous system adapts lengthening in two basic ways. The one is that the development of tension or increased pressure within the tissues, increased intradural pressure. The other is movements that are gross movement and movement occurring intraneurally between the connective tissues and the neural tissues. In this article, we emphasize the biologic aspects of nervous system that influenced by therapeutic approaches. Although identified scientific information in basic science is utilized at clinic, we would attain the more therapeutic effects and develop the physical therapy science.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2010

Although many researchers have studied the efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) on many cells during the last two decades, little work has been reported on the importance of release kinetics inhibiting cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to examine the release behavior of the PTX on various biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA), poly-L-lactide (PLLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) for drug-eluting stents (DES). The PTX from the fabricated films was released for 8 weeks and the degree of degradation of the films was observed by FE-SEM. Although the degradation time of PCL was the slowest, the PTX release rate was the fastest among them and followed by PLGA and PLLA with the equivalent PTX concentration. It suggests that hydrophobic drug such as PTX from polymer with low $T_g$ like PCL could be moved easily and released rapidly in body temperature.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

The motions used in throwing place tremendous stresses on the soft tissues about the player's shoulder. In order to throw successfully, the shoulder complex must be capable of excessive motion, while maintaining stability of the glenohumeral joint. Injuries to the throwing player can result from acute trauma, but more commonly can be a result of overuse injuries from the repetitive throwing activity. Inbalance in the muscles and soft tissue about the shoulder can result in an injury secondary to abnormal biomechanics of the glenohumeral complex. The preventive measure a throwing player can take in order to maintain a healthy throwing shoulder is to participate in a regular shoulder strengthening program. It is when the muscles about the shoulder become imbalanced, secondary to either injury or relative weakness, that instability and injury can occur. By understanding the pitching motion and the relative contribution of the muscles, the treating physician has a framework on which to build knowledge regarding physical findings and diagnosis of shoulder injuries in throwing players. Once a diagnosis is made. a successful treatment plan may be developed for the player, including both conservative and , at time surgical means.