• Cement
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• s.38
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• pp.16-21
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• 1970

시멘트공업경영은 자본집약산업으로 그 규모는 일정수준의 단위까지 팽창되지 않으면 안되는 시장경쟁적 여건을 포함하고 있는데 특히 시멘트제품의 수급비탄력성은 방대한 규모의 생산시설과 여기에 투입된 노동을 유휴화시키고 이로 인한 기업의 고정비부담을 가중시키므로 적자의 가장 큰 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이와 같은 유휴비용중 특히 노무비부담이 큰 비중을 점하고 있는데 현세멘트공업계의 임금제도는 저생산저임금형태로 기업과 종업원에게 공히 유용한 요소가 되고 있다. 이러한 시멘트의 계절적인 수요변동에 따라 성수기에 있어서는 노동의 부족을 나타내고 비성수기에 있어서는 확대된 부분이 축소된 것만큼 인원을 감소시켜야하므로 노사간의 불화와 기업공신력의 상실등을 야기시키게 되어 기업측이나 종업원측으로 보아서도 서로의 손실임에는 틀림없다. 따라서 이와 같은 문제는 합리적인 임금제도 및 영리의 결여에서 오는 것인 만큼 기업과 종업원에 공히 이득을 가져와 줄 수 있는 성과급제도의 도입적용에 시급히 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

지난 세기말까지는 통신의 주된 기능이 음성 전달에 머물렀지만 금세기에 들어와서는 동영상을 위시한 다양한 정보들이 생산되고 유통되며 소비되고 있다. 데이터 트래픽은 음성 트래픽을 오래 전에 추월하고도 매년 기세가 꺾일 줄 모르고 기하급수적으로 증가 중이다. 이러한 정보화 시대를 뒷받침하는 여러 요소가 있으나 광전송 기술의 공로도 결코 작은 것이 아니며 앞으로도 누구나 최소한의 비용으로 무한한 정보를 생산하고 유통하며 향유하는데 선도적 역할을 할 것이다. 돌이켜보면 1960년대에 유리로 된 광섬유를 통해 신호를 전송하는 아이디어가 나왔으며 1970년대 말에 광섬유 전송이 실용화 되었다. 그리고 1980년대에 광증폭기 기술이 등장하여 1990년대 후반에 광섬유선로 하나를 여러 신호가 공유하는 WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 기술이 마침 시작된 트래픽 폭발을 뒷받침하여 빠른 속도로 확산되었다. 이제는 거의 무한대로 여겨지던 광섬유의 대역폭도 아껴 써야 하는 시대가 다가오고 있다. 한편 기존 광전송망의 에너지 소모, 비용, 상면적 등의 확장을 최소화하면서도 계속 증가하는 트래픽을 수용하여야 한다. 본고에서는 최근에 표준화가 이루어져 시장이 열리고 있는 100G급 기술을 중심으로 광전송 기술의 최근 동향을 요약하였다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 1997

Although modern versions of the traditional Von $Th{\ddot{u}}nen$ theory have contributed to a description of spatial organization in agriculture, they did not incorporate the market mechanism as an integral part of location theory. This deficiency has been indicated and new mathematical structure has been proposed elsewhere by the author. The closed model, which simultaneously considered a basic principle of supply and demand, exposed a computational complexity. Based on the problem, this study attempts to extend market mechanism in order to consider the influence of city (market) size in agricultural location theory. To theoretically explore the economic relationship in a location theory, this study simplifies agricultural activity as just two activities in one-dimensional spatial economy. The problem has been solved by equating total supply and demand of agricultural products, and then by determining each agricultural price from the relationship. All of the mathematical problems have been arranged in matrix form. First, the traditional model and closed model have been compared by quantitative comparative statics which provides the sensitivity test for each model. The results have shown that the traditional model shows a relatively excessive change in land use, besides the deficiency of a constant agricultural price. Second, the effects of the size of market town and its population increase were examined, using the closed model. In this case, the price of agricultural product is increased, and the land use is extended outward. This proves that locational rent is related to the expansion of land use. Third, environmental uncertainty was associated with the closed model, in order to further consider the difference of farmers attitude in strategic perspective. In this study, two extreme attitudes, which reflects the maximum average expected returns and the maximum guaranteed returns, were examined in their land use and their effects on the prices of agricultural products. It was shown that the two farmers attitudes can be interconnected with location theory. Due to the exogenous data, the differences in the area of land use and total quantities of agricultural products were not clearly shown in this study. However, it was shown that the land use pattern is very different. That is, maximum guaranteed return model reveals a mixed land use pattern around the market town. Basically, this study shows some spatial and economic implications related to Von $Th{\ddot{u}}nen$ model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.491-492
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• 2017

본 논문은 온실의 내/외부 환경 요소 및 시장정보 등의 외적 요소를 반영하여 농가의 작물 생산 비용을 고려하여 생장지표와 목표점을 설정함으로써 온실의 운용비용을 절감하고, 데이터 분석 및 PID 제어를 통해 효율성과 신뢰성을 높일 수 있는 온실 복합환경 관리 시스템에 대한 연구이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.370-371
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• 2016

본 논문은 최근 증가하고 있는 딸기 고설수경재배 농가의 생산성 향상과 소득 증대를 위해 생장지표와 목표점을 기반으로 온실의 내/외부 환경 요소 및 시장정보 등의 외적 요소를 반영하여 효율적인 생장관리를 지원해주기 위한 복합환경제어 시스템에 대한 연구이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

Electronic commerce offers the opportunity to integrate and optimize the global production and distribution supply chain. Rapid response to changes in demand and customer preference, and the ability to exploit new technologies, are becoming critical. The computer of the various corporations communicate with each other to determine the price and the availability of the components, to place and confirm orders, and to negotiate delivery time scales. In this paper, We describe a trading system that is based on mobile agent technology, called aglet. Aglets for the buyer and sellers are dispatched to the various marketplace, where they negotiate autonomously orders and deliveries, returning to the buyer and seller with their best deals for approval. We show that the electronic commerce system is feasibly built by using the Java aglet technology to demonstrate for simulating a traditional retail marketplace.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.19-39
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• 2016

With increasing adoption of smart products and complexity, companies have shifted their strategies from stand alone and competitive strategies to business ecosystem oriented and cooperative strategies. The win-win growth of business refers to corporate efforts undertaken by companies to pursue the healthiness of business between conglomerates and partnering companies such as suppliers for mutual prosperity and a long-term corporate soundness based on their business ecosystem and cooperative strategies. This study is designed to validate a theoretical proposition that the win-win growth strategy of Samsung Electronics and cooperative efforts among companies can create a healthy business ecosystem, based on results of case studies and surveys. In this study, a level of global market access of small and mid-sized companies is adopted as the key achievement index. The foreign market entry is considered as one of vulnerabilities in the ecosystem of small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). For SMEs, the global market access based on the research and development (R&D) has become the critical component in the process of transforming them into global small giants. The results of case studies and surveys are analyzed mainly based on a model of a virtuous cycle of Creativity, Opportunity, Productivity, and Proactivity (the COPP model) that features the characteristics of the healthiness of a business ecosystem. In the COPP model, a virtuous circle of profits made by the first three factors and Proactivity, which is the manifestation of entrepreneurship that proactively invests and reacts to the changing business environment of the future, enhances the healthiness of a given business ecosystem. With the application of the COPP model, this study finds major achievements of the win-win growth of Samsung Electronics as follows. First, Opportunity plays a role as a parameter in the relations of Creativity, Productivity, and creating profits. Namely, as companies export more (with more Opportunity), they are more likely to link their R&D efforts to Productivity and profitability. However, companies that do not export tend to fail to link their R&D investment to profitability. Second, this study finds that companies with huge investment on R&D for the future, which is the result of Proactivity, tend to hold a large number of patents (Creativity). And companies with significant numbers of patents tend to be large exporters as well (Opportunity), and companies with a large amount of exports tend to record high profitability (Productivity and profitability), and thus forms the virtuous cycle of the COPP model. In addition, to access global markets for sustainable growth, SMEs need to build and strengthen their competitiveness. This study concludes that companies with a high level of proactivity to invest for the future can create a virtuous circle of Creativity, Opportunity, Productivity, and Proactivity, thereby providing a strategic implication that SMEs should invest time and resources in forming such a virtuous cycle which is a sure way for the SMEs to grow into global small giants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2011

현재 안드로이드 시장에는 다양한 플랫폼을 기반으로 한 디바이스들이 혼재하고 있고, 안드로이드의 성장세로 봤을 때 앞으로 더욱더 많은 플랫폼 및 디바이스가 출시될 것이다. 따라서 여러 플랫폼 및 디바이스에 대한 상호 호환성을 만족시키기 위해 안드로이드 소프트웨어 개발 단계부터 테스트의 중요도가 높아지고 있고, 테스팅 시간을 줄이기 위한 테스트 자동화 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이러한 환경에서 상호 호환성을 만족시키기 위해서는 소프트웨어적인 요소뿐만 아니라 프로그램의 전반적인 요소까지 고려해야 하지만 기존의 테스트 자동화 도구인 JUnit은 안드로이드 소프트웨어의 특정 상태에 대한 정보만을 도출하기 때문에 전반적인 요소에 대한 통합관리가 불가능하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 안드로이드 소프트웨어의 전반적인 요소들에 대한 정보를 도출하여 테스트 케이스를 자동으로 생성하는 방안을 제안한다. 사용자가 도출하고자 하는 정보를 선택함으로써 테스트 케이스 생성에 대한 유연성이 증가하고, 이를 자동화함으로써 테스팅 시간 감소를 통해 생산성 향상 및 높은 품질의 안드로이드 소프트웨어를 기대할 수 있다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.673-692
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• 2006

In order to test for the dynamic optimality condition for the use of nonrenewable resource, it is necessary to estimate the shadow value of the resource in situ. In the previous literatures, a time series for in situ price has been derived either as the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost or by differentiating with respect to the quantity of ore extracted the restricted cost function in which the quantity of ore is quasi-fixed. However, not only inconsistent estimates are likely to be generated due to the nonmalleability of capital, but the estimate of marginal revenue will be affected by market power. Since firms will likely fail to minimize the cost of the reproducible inputs subject to market prices under realistic circumstances where imperfect factor markets, strikes, or government regulations are present, the shadow in situ values obtained by estimating the restricted cost function can be biased. This paper provides a valid methodology for checking the dynamic optimality condition for a nonrenewable resource by using the input distance function. Our methodology has some advantages over previous ones: only data on quantities of inputs and outputs are required; nor is the maintained hypothesis of cost minimization required; adoption of linear programming enables us to circumvent autocorrelated errors problem caused by use of time series or panel data. The dynamic optimality condition for domestic coal mining does not hold for constant discount rates ranging from 2 to 20 percent over the period 1970~1993. The dynamic optimality condition also does not hold for variable rates ranging from fourth to four times the real interest rate.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.21-43
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• 2005

Since China opened its market to foreign investors, overseas Chinese firms have been the biggest foreign investors. Because of the uncertain market environment, other foreign finns incurred larger liabilities of foreignness than overseas Chinese finns. Some parts of liabilities of foreignness stem from cultural differences and last for quite long time. Therefore better understanding of Chinese culture and guanxi network can give overseas Chinese finns competitive advantages over those from other countries by offering market information and reducing transaction costs. Also better management skills, information about export markets and abundant capital allow them to maintain competitive strengths over local firms. As foreign firms accumulate market knowledge in China, they can reduce liabilities of foreignness. However, it is very difficult for foreigners to understand Chinese cultures and to utilize guanxi network as well as Chinese. It is likely that Overseas Chines firms can have competitive strengths in some industries such as banking, retailing, and foreign trade, where relationship with local contractors and exploitation of worldwide Chines networks can play important roles to make successful business deals.