• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.242-245
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• 2004

This study was conducted to assess water quality of Dae stream in Busan using the periphyton. Species of the higher rank 10% in standing crops were Cymbella ventricosa, Aulacoseira granulata, Gomphonema olivaceum, Synedra ulna through the study. In addition, Fragilaria intermedia ill the station 1 and 2, and Nitzschia palea in the station 3 and 4 dominated the periphyton community respectively. These species mainly appeared in the urban stream. Where input of pollutant is forecasted, standing crops of dominant species are investigated very highly. Also, standing crops of Nitzschia palea were higher in the pollution area such as polysaprobic than any other area. Water quality by the saprobic index were oligosaprobic in the station 1, $\beta$-mesosaprobic in the station 2 and 3, and $\alpha$- mesosaprobic in the station 4. These results suggests that the pollution of Dae stream gradually increased with downstream due perhaps to the loading of sewage from the new residental complex.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.273-290
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• 1983

A bionomic study of the coralligenous concretionary hard bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean was carried out at four stations : three stations(Arnette, Laurons, Auguette) under the influence of intense multisource pollution(gradient decreasing from north to south) in the Gulf of Fos, west of Marseille, France, and one control station(Moyade islet) in an unpolluted area near Riou island, east of Marseille. Along the increasing pollution gradient from the outer to the inner part of the Gulf of Fos, there is a qualitative and quantitative impoverishment of the fauna. On the whole, the species richness, the numerical abundance. and the species diversity index are all on the decrease. Accordingly, the innermost station in the Gulf of Fos(Auguette) is most heavily affected by the industrial, and to a lesser extent by the domestic wastes, from the nearby industrial complex and urban areas. The impact on the benthic coralligenous community of this serious alteration has been analysed in view of community composition, functional aspect, and ecological stocks. The faunal affinity between stations has been studied by means of the two coefficients : fourfold point correlation coefficient and Jaccard's community coefficient. The upper layer and inferior face communities of the coralligenous concretionary structures are also compared.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2005

This research focuses on the development and application of a method for the detection of m-toluate in soils using a genetically engineered bioluminescent bacteria, Pseudomonas putida mt-2 KG1206. KG1206 produces light by direct (m-toluate and benzoate) and indirect (toluene analogs) inducers. For detection of m-toluate in soil system, 9.9 mL strain was amended with 0.1 mL soil ethanol extractant. A high correlation ($r^2>0.97$) was observed between bioluminescence and m-toluate concentration. The unknown concentrations of m-toluate in soil samples were pre-determined using a method developed based on bioluminescence activity of strain with extracted inducers. Values between by LC analysis and bioluminescence activity show moderate statistical results. These results demonstrate the feasibility of recombinant bioluminescent microorganism, engineered to generate a quantifiable bioluminescence signal in response to specific pollutants, may serve as combined sensing and reporting tools in environmental monitoring.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1294-1303
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• 2019

Perchlorate is an anionic pollutant that is very soluble and stable in water. It has been detected not only in soil/ground water but also in surface water, drinking water, food, fish, and crops. Perchlorate inhibits iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and reduces production of thyroid hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. Although various technologies have been developed to remove perchlorate from the environment, biodegradation is the method of choice since it is economical and environmentally friendly. However there is limited information on perchlorate biodegradation in salt environment such as salt water. Therefore this paper reviews biodegradation of perchlorate in salt water and related microorganisms. Most biodegradation research has employed heterotrophic perchlorate removal using organic compounds such as acetate as electron donors. Biodegradation research has focused on perchlorate removal from spent brine generated by ion exchange technology that is primarily employed to clean up perchlorate-contaminated ground water. Continuous removal of perchlorate at up to 10% NaCl was shown when bioreactors were inoculated with enriched salt-tolerant perchlorate-reducing bacteria. However the reactors did not show long-term stable removal of perchlorate. Microorganisms belonging to ${\beta}$- and ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria were dominant in bioreactors used to remove perchlorate from salt water. This review will help our understanding of perchlorate removal from salt water to develop a decent biotechnology for the process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.46-146
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• 2003

해양환경의 대표적 오염물질인 PAHs가 양식굴의 생리대사에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자, 서로 다른 PAHs 농도에 노출된 굴의 여수율, 호흡율, 배설율 및 동화율의 변화를 조사하였다. 부착생물을 깨끗하게 제거한 굴을 실험실로 옮겨 3일정도 순치시키고, 이후 각각의 0, 50, 100, 200ppb의 농도별로 약 10일간 미리 노출시켰다. 이후 각 개체별로 2L 들이 2$0^{\circ}C$항온수조에서 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ 여과해수를 사용하여 실험하였다. 여수율은 Chaetoceros simplex를 지표생물로 하여 수조내 시간당 감소율을 구하여 Kim(1995)의 식에 의해 구하였다. 호흡율은 유동파라핀으로 외부와의 공기접촉을 단절시키고, 수조내 단위시간당 DO meter로 산소변화를 측정하여 Widdows and Johnson(1988)의 식을 변형하여 계산하였다. 배설율은 단위시간동안 수조내 NH$_4$-N 농도 증가량으로 조사하였고, NH$_4$-N은 HACH Inc.에서 제공하는 측정법을 따랐다. 여수율은 500ppb에서 다소 영향을 받아 증가하였다. 호흡율과 배설율은 노출농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였지만, 50ppb와 100ppb에서는 다소 차이가 없었다. 따라서 양식굴이 PAHs와 같은 오염물질에 노출되었을 경우, 초기에는 여수율의 변화는 없고 배설율과 호흡율이 상승하여 체내 에너지 요구량이 증가하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.392-396
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• 2003

Leaking underground storage tanks are a major source of groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. Aerobic bioremediation has been highly effective in the remediation of many fuel releases. Bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater and sediments is ofen limited by the inability to provide sufficient oxygen to the contaminated zones due to the low water solubility of oxygen. Nitrate can also serve as an electron acceptor And nitrate is less expensive and more soluble than oxygen. it may be more economical to restore fuel-contaminated aquifers using nitrate rather than oxygen. And denitrifying bacteria are commonly found in the subsurface and in association with contaminated aquifer materials. These studies have shown that BTEX and MTBE can be degraded by the nitrate-amended microcosms under aerobic and anaerobic conditons. Biodegradation of the toluene and ethylbenzne compounds occurred very quickly under denitrifying conditions. MTBE, benzene and p-xylene were recalcitrant under denitrifying conditions in this study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2000

In order to characterize the genetic diversity of bacterial community in groundwater, samples were collected from used for drinking water and polluted with heavy metal wastewater in Seoul city and natural cave of Kangwondo. The DNA was amplified with 165 rDNA-based primers by use of the PCR, and then analysed ARDRA (amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis). Restriction endonuclease analysis patterns of amplified 165 rDNA in drinking water and wastewater relatively showed high genetic diversity in situ and drinking groundwater. The number of DNA fragments varied with in situ and drinking water. This method of ARDRA of bacterial communities in groundwater could be used for a quick assessment of genotypic changes between different locations reflecting different environmental conditions and the diversity reflected pollution of groundwater (natural cave water>drinking water>waste water, as in order of grade). [Genetic diversity, Groundwater, 165 rDNA, PCR, ARDRA].

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

모든 생명체의 genetic information에는 보존적 염기서열과 다형적 염기서열이 존재한다. 다형적 염기서열과 보존적 염기서열은 하나의 종(species)을 감별하거나, 여러 종류의 종을 동시에 감별할 수 있는 genotyping의 표지자로 각각 이용될 수 있다. 본 논문은 병원성 감염질환 세균, 식중독 유발 세균, 생물의약품 오염 유발 세균 및 환경오염 세균 등 세균의 존재 유무와 속과 종 감별을 위해 대부분 세균 종의 보존적 염기서열과 다형적인 염기서열을 포함하고 있는 23S rDNA 유전자의 표적 염기 서열로부터 고안된 세균 특이적(bacterial-specific), 속 특이적(genus-specific), 종 특이적(species-specific) 올리고 뉴클레오티드프로브와 프라이머를 디자인하는 시스템을 소개한다. 시스템을 통해서 얻어진 프로브와 프라이머들은 PCR을 통한 검증단계를 거쳐서 디자인 결과의 정확성을 확인하였다. 본 시스템의 이용으로 프로브와 프라이머를 디자인하는데 몇 주가 소요되는 시간을 몇 일 내로 줄일 수 있었으며, 체계적인 데이터의 관리로 결과의 정확성을 높일 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1998

Pyrene is a common petroleum contaminant. This compound is recalcitrant to biological degradation and persists long in contaminated environments. A microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the degradation rate of pyrene in three different of soil : rhizosphere soil ; non-rhizosphere soil ; and sterilized soil. The degradation rate followed the order of rhizosphere soil)non-rhizosphere soil)sterilized soil. And the rate did not change significantly when organic acids commonly found in the rhizosphere were added to each soil but it seemed to be well related to the increase of the number of microorganisms. Overall, it appears that pyrene is degraded faster in the rhizosphere soil which has the higher microorganism density.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 2012

Many outbreaks of food-borne illnesses have been associated with the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits contaminated with food-borne pathogens. Contaminated medium, manure and irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogen in many outbreaks. The aim of this study was to determine the potential transfer of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus from medium and soil fertilized with contaminated compost or irrigation with contaminated water to the edible parts of lettuce. Moreover, survivals of the two pathogens on lettuce contaminated medium, soil and irrigation water were estimated. Lettuce seeds were planted in medium contaminated with 7.5 log colony forming unit (CFU)/g of E. coli and B. cereus. Seedlings grown in the contaminated medium were transplanted in soil fertilized with contaminated pig manure compost or uncontaminated soil. Contaminated irrigation water with E. coli and B. cereus at 8.0 log CFU/mL was applied only once on the plant by sprinkle irrigation and surface irrigation. Although E. coli and B. cereus in medium and sprouted lettuce after planting seeds were reduced as time passed, these pathogens survived in seedling raising stage for extended periods. The numbers of E. coli and B. cereus in lettuce grown on contaminated soil were detected over 4.0 log CFU/g for 21 days. The numbers of E. coli and B. cereus in lettuce applied by sprinkle irrigation were higher than those of surface irrigation by 5.0 log CFU/g. Our results indicated that contaminated medium, soil and irrigation water can play an important role in the presence of food-borne pathogens on vegetables.