Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Medium, Soil, and Irrigation Water Contaminated with Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus on the Microbiological Safety of Lettuce

Escherichia coli 와 Bacillus cereus에 오염된 상토, 토양 및 관개용수가 상추의 미생물 안전에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Se-Ri (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agri-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Seo-Hyun (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agri-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Won-Il (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agri-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Seok (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agri-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jun-Hwan (Rice Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Chung, Duck-Hwa (Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yun, Jong-Chul (Microbial Safety Team, Department of Agri-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ryu, Kyoung-Yul (R&D Performance Evaluation and Management Division, Research Policy Bureau, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김세리 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 이서현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김원일 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김병석 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김준환 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 답작과) ;
  • 정덕화 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부) ;
  • 윤종철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 류경열 (농촌진흥청 연구정책국 연구성과관리과)
  • Received : 2012.02.07
  • Accepted : 2012.05.29
  • Published : 2012.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Many outbreaks of food-borne illnesses have been associated with the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits contaminated with food-borne pathogens. Contaminated medium, manure and irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogen in many outbreaks. The aim of this study was to determine the potential transfer of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus from medium and soil fertilized with contaminated compost or irrigation with contaminated water to the edible parts of lettuce. Moreover, survivals of the two pathogens on lettuce contaminated medium, soil and irrigation water were estimated. Lettuce seeds were planted in medium contaminated with 7.5 log colony forming unit (CFU)/g of E. coli and B. cereus. Seedlings grown in the contaminated medium were transplanted in soil fertilized with contaminated pig manure compost or uncontaminated soil. Contaminated irrigation water with E. coli and B. cereus at 8.0 log CFU/mL was applied only once on the plant by sprinkle irrigation and surface irrigation. Although E. coli and B. cereus in medium and sprouted lettuce after planting seeds were reduced as time passed, these pathogens survived in seedling raising stage for extended periods. The numbers of E. coli and B. cereus in lettuce grown on contaminated soil were detected over 4.0 log CFU/g for 21 days. The numbers of E. coli and B. cereus in lettuce applied by sprinkle irrigation were higher than those of surface irrigation by 5.0 log CFU/g. Our results indicated that contaminated medium, soil and irrigation water can play an important role in the presence of food-borne pathogens on vegetables.

최근 상추와 같은 농산물에 의한 식중독사고가 발생하고 있으며 그 원인으로 병원성 미생물에 오염된 퇴비, 관개용수의 사용이라고 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 육묘단계의 상토, 재배과정의 토양, 관개용수의 Escherichia coli와 Bacillus cereus 오염이 상추의 안전성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 상토는 두 균주로 7.5log CFU/g 수준으로 오염시킨 후 상추종자를 파종하고 28일간 생육시켰고, 오염되지 않은 토양과 6.0log CFU/g 수준으로 오염시킨 토양에 오염된 상토에서 21일간 자란 묘를 이식하고 49일간 인공기상동 ($25^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 70-80%)에서 생육시켰다. 또한 8.0log CFU/mL로 오염된 관개용수로 지표면관수법과 살수관수법으로 상추에 관수하고 40일간 병원성 미생물의 오염 및 생존을 조사하였다. 그 결과 육묘기의 상토와 상추 중 E. coli와 B. cereus는 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하였지만 육묘기 내내 생존 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 토양에서는 42일간 E. coli와 B. cereus가 6.0log CFU/g 내외로 유의적인 감소 없이 유지되고 있었다. 오염된 토양에 이식된 상추는 21일째까지 E. coli와 B. cereus의 농도가 4.0log CFU/g 이상 유지되었고 이식 후 42일까지도 검출되었다. 또한 살수관수법으로 처리한 구에서 지표면관수법으로 처리한 구보다 상추의 오염수준이 5.0log CFU/g 정도 높았다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 병원성미생물에 오염된 상토, 토양, 관개용수는 농산물의 병원성미생물 오염에 직접적인 원인이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Burnett, S.L. and L.R. Beuchat. 2001. Human pathogens associated with raw produce and unpasteurized juices and difficulties in decontamination. J. Int. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27:104-110. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000199
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2006. Update on multi-state outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections from fresh spinach, October 6, 2006. http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2006/september/updates/100606.htm.
  3. Choi, J.W., S.Y. Park, J.H. Yeon, M.J. Lee, D.H. Chung, K.H. Lee, M.G. Kim, D.H. Lee, K.S. Kim, and S.D. Ha. 2005. Microbial contamination levels of fresh vegetables distributed in markets. Korean J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 20:43-47.
  4. Choo, E.Y., S.S. Jang, K.S. Kim, K.G. Lee, S. Heu, and S.R. Ryu. 2007. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus cereus in dried red pepper in Korea. J. Food Prot. 70:917-922.
  5. Faith, N.G., J.A. Shere, R. Brosch, W. Arnold, S.E. Ansay, M.S. Lee, J.B. Luchanky, C.W. Kaspar. 1996. Prevalence and clonal nature of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on dairy farms in Wisconsin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1519-1525.
  6. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2005. Guidance for industry, Guide to minimize microbial food safety hazard for fresh fruits and vegetables. http://csan.fda.gov.
  7. Food and Drug Administraion (FDA). 2009. Guidance for Industry: Guide to minimize microbial food safety hazards of leafy greens; draft guidance. http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/ProduceandPlanProducts/ucm174200.htm.
  8. Gagliardi, J.V. and J.S. Karns. 2002a. Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in diverse soils under various agricultural management practices. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:877-883.
  9. Gagliardi, J.V. and J.S. Karns. 2002b. Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil and on plant roots. Environ. Microbiol. 4:89-96. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00273.x
  10. Islam, M., M.P. Doyle, S.C. Phatak, P. Millner, and X. Jiang. 2005. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil and on carrots and onions grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water. Food Microbiol. 22:63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2004.04.007
  11. Jiang, X., J. Morgan, and M. P. Doyle. 2002. Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in manure amended soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:2605-2609. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.5.2605-2609.2002
  12. Kim S.R., J.Y. Lee, S.H. Lee, W.I. Kim, K.H. Park, H.J. Yun, B.S. Kim, D.H. Chung, J.C. Yun, and K.Y. Ryu. 2011. Evaluation of microbiological safety of lettuce and cultivation area. Korean J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 26:289-295.
  13. Nam, S.W. 2010. Industrial efforts for enhancing food safety and suggestion to improve policy, p. 9. Workshop for food safety policy committee. Prime Minister's Office, Seoul, Korea.
  14. Oliveira, M., J. Usall, I. Vinas, C. Solsona, and M. Abadias. 2011. Transfer of Listeria innocua from contaminated compost and irrigation water to lettuce leaves. Food Microbiol. 28:590-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.11.004
  15. Oliveira, M., I. Vinas, J. Usall, M. Anguera, and M. Abadias. 2012. Presence and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce leaves and in soil treated with contaminated compost and irrigation water. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 156:133-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.014
  16. Patel, J. and M. Sharma. 2010. Differences in attachment of Salmonella enteric serovars to cabbage and lettuce leaves. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 139:41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.005
  17. Ryu, J.H. and L.R. Beuchat. 2005. Biofilm formation and sporulation by Bacillus cereus on a stainless steel surface and subsequent resistance of vegetative cells and spores to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyactic acid-based sanitizer. J. Food Prot. 68:2614-2622.
  18. Saldana, Z., E. Sanchez, J. Xicohtencatl-Cortes, J.L. Puente, J.A. Giron. 2011. Surface structures involved in plant stomata and leaf colonization by shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Front. Microbiol. 2:1-9.
  19. Solomon, E.B., S. Yaron, and K.R. Mattews. 2002a. Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from contaminated manure and irrigation water to lettuce plant tissue and its subsequent internalization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:397-400. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.1.397-400.2002
  20. Solomon, E.B., C.J. Potenski, and K.R. Mattews. 2002b. Effect of irrigation method on transmission to and persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce. J. Food. Prot. 65:673-676.
  21. Solomon, E.B., H.J. Pang, and K.R. Mattews. 2003. Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce plants following spray irrigation with contaminated water. J. Food. Prot. 66:2198-2202.
  22. Zhang, G., L. Ma, L.R. Beuchat, M.C. Erickson, V.H. Phelan, and M.P. Doyle, 2009. Lack of internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) after leaf surface and soil inoculation. J. Food. Prot. 72:2028-2037.

Cited by

  1. Microbiological Hazard Analysis of Ginseng Farms at the Cultivation Stage to Develop a Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Model vol.28, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2013.28.4.312
  2. Microbial Hazard Analysis of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge for the Good Agricultural Practices vol.29, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2014.29.3.181
  3. Microbial Population of Foodborne Pathogens during Fermentation of Mulberry Wort vol.31, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2016.31.6.458
  4. Systematic analysis 방법을 이용한 국내 엽경채류 농산물의 미생물학적 오염도 분석 vol.32, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2017.32.4.306