• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.406-416
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• 2016

바이오와 나노 분야의 비파괴검사는 nm 급의 공간분해능을 요구한다. 바이오와 나노 물질의 내부구조의 비파괴 분석을 위한 공간분해능을 nm급으로 향상시키는Soft X-ray현미경 및 초음파현미경에 대한 기술을 소개한다. 세포생물(Biology)의 단백질구조분석, 수문학(Hydrology)연구, 나노입자거동 등의 연구를 위해서 중성자현미경기술개발 및 현황을 소개하고자 한다. 초음파현미경, Soft X-ray현미경 및 중성자현미경에 대하여 Hybrid 이용자 지원 체계를 구축하여 나노 및 Bio 물질 내부구조 분석기술을 확립하여 지원하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of three different biological activated carbon (BAC) materials (each coal, coconut and wood based activated carbons), empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the removal of sulfonamide 5 species in BAC filters were investigated. Experiments were conducted at three water temperatures (5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$) and four EBCTs (5, 10, 15 and 20 min). The results indicated that coal based BAC retained more attached bacterial biomass on the surface of the activated carbon than the other BACs, increasing EBCT or increasing water temperature increased the sulfonamide 5 species removal in BAC columns. In the coal-based BAC columns, sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfamethazine (SMT) and sulfathiazole (STZ) removal efficiencies were 30~80% and sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal efficiencies were 18~70% for 5~20 min EBCT at $25^{\circ}C$. The kinetic analysis suggested a first-order reaction model for sulfonamide 5 species removal at various water temperatures (5~$25^{\circ}C$). The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants and half-lives were also calculated for sulfonamide 5 species removal at 5~$25^{\circ}C$. The reaction rate and half-lives of sulfonamide 5 species ranging from 0.0094~0.0718 $min^{-1}$ and 9.7 to 73.7 min various water temperaturs and EBCTs in this study could be used to assist water utilities in designing and operating BAC filters for sulfonamide antibiotic compounds removal.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

In this study, a novel bioreactor system using a diffuser type hollow fiber membranes (hollow fiber membrane diffuser, HFMD) was applied to investigate the feasibility and biodegradation capacity for the treatment of a gaseous mixture consisting of benzene, toluene and p-xylene(BTX). First, A mixed culture pre-acclimated to toluene effectively biodegraded the BTX mixture at an overall removal efficiency of approximately 70% for a 20-day operational period. It was found that the biodegradation of toluene was slightly inhibited because of the presence of benzene and p-xylene. Second, the elimination capacity (EC) of total BTX increased up to 360 $g/m^3/hr$, which was substantially higher than maximum ECs for BTEX reported in the biofiltration literature. Consequently, the hollow fiber membrane diffuser was considered as an alternative method over other conventional VOC-treating technologies such as biofilters.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1991

지렁이(L. rubelIus) 체액내의 적혈구용혈능깍 단백질분해능을 확인하였다. 지렁이의 체액 0. 33 $\mu$l속에 있는 용혈인자는 9 $\times$ 1011 rat RBCs를 2분만에 완전히 용혈시켰으며, 다른 포유류들의 적혈구에도 약간의 차이는 있으나 비슷한 용혈능을 보였고, 이 용혈인자는 지렁이의 혈구가 아닌 몸체조직에서 분비되는 것으로 생각되었다. 용혈인자는 pH 6.5-7.5사이에서 활성이 가장 강하였고, 63'c로 30분 열처리할 경우 활성이 완전히 없어졌으며, 2-mercaptoethanol은 용혈인자의 활성을 증가시켰다. 이 인자의 활성도는 여러가지의 당류, LPS, cholesterol, prosphatidyl Choline, Ch10ropromazine, Sphin90myelin 및 FG2+, Fe3+, CU2+, ZR2+ 등의 금속이온에 의하여 활성이 저해되었다. 한편 지렁이 체액내의 단백질 분해인자는 BSA와 19G를 여러 조각으로 분해시켰으며 이 분해인자는 PMSF및 TLCK에 의하여 활성이 억제되지 않았다. 지렁이의 체강에는 용혈소를 분비하는 박테리아들이 존재하였으나 이들 박테리아들의 용혈소는 지렁이의 용혈인자와는 전기영동이동도에서 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2009

In this study, The effects of three different activated carbon materials (each coal, coconut and wood based activated carbons), empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the removal of pharmaceutical 4 species (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, trimethoprime and caffeine) in BAC filters were investigated. Experiments were conducted at three water temperature (5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$) and four EBCTs (5, 10, 15 and 20 min). The results indicated that coal based BAC retained more attached bacterial biomass on the surface of the activated carbon than the other BAC, increasing EBCT or increasing water temperature increased the pharmaceutical 4 species removal in BAC columns. In the coal-based BAC columns, removal efficiencies of oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 87~100% and removal efficiencies of trimethoprime and caffeine were 72~99% for EBCT 5~20 min at $25^{\circ}C$. The kinetic analysis suggested a firstorder reaction model for pharmaceutical 4 species removal at various water temperatures (5~$25^{\circ}C$). The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants and half-lives were also calculated for pharmaceutical 4 species removal at 5~$25^{\circ}C$. The reaction rate and half-lives of pharmaceutical 4 species ranging from 0.0360~0.3954 $min^{-1}$ and 1.75 to 19.25 min various water temperatures and EBCTs, could be used to assist water utilities in designing and operating BAC filters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2017

In this study, We investigated the effects of water temperature and empty bed contact time (EBCT) on the biodegradability of 8 blood lipid lower agents (BLLAs) in biological activated carbon (BAC) process. Experiments were conducted at three water temperatures ($8^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$ and $24^{\circ}C$) and three EBCTs (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). Increasing water temperature and EBCT increased the biodegradation efficiency of BLLAs in BAC process. Simvastatin and fenofibrate were the highest biodegradation efficiency, but atorvastatin and clofibric acid were the lowest. The kinetic analysis suggested a pseudo-first-order reaction model for biodegradation of 8 BLLAs at various water temperatures and EBCTs. The pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants ($k_{bio}$) of clofibric acid and atorvastatin were $0.0075min^{-1}$ and $0.0122min^{-1}$ at $8^{\circ}C$, and were $0.0540min^{-1}$ and $0.0866min^{-1}$ at $24^{\circ}C$, respectively. By increasing the water temperature from $8^{\circ}C$ to $24^{\circ}C$, the biodegradation rate constants ($k_{bio}$) were increased 7.1~7.2 times.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

Recently the bioremediation technology has been widely used to recover the oil contaminated environments The application of bioremediation agents to oil polluted environments became common and thus many kinds of commercial products were imported into domestic market. In Korea, howcver. the standardization of bioremediation products quality is not yet established and results of efficacy test .ire scarce. In this study five oil spill bioremediation commercial products including microbial inoculants and en'cyme agents are tested for the oil degradation rate. From the results most products shows the strong oil emulsifying phenomena due to the contained chemical oil dispersant and the low oil degradation rate. Product D inhibited the oil degradability of microorganisms even in the natural sea water. From these results it could be concluded that in the near future the laboratory protocol and standardization of products quality for bioremediarion agents should be prepared to activate the effective application of bioremediation technology in Korea.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-242
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• 2003

To develop a nicotine-degrading material (NDM), the natural herbal extract was studied. For the in vitro verification, the herbal extract was mixed into the dilute nicotine solution and the ability of NDM to degrade nicotine into cotinine was measured spectrophotometically. In the in vivo study, the rats in experimental and control groups were orally fed with the herbal extract and water, respectively, for 2 weeks. And then, 3 ㎎/㎏ nicotine was administered to both groups by intraperitoneal injection. In results, the ability of NDM to degrade nicotine into cotinine was shown 2.5 fold higher after 90 min reaction in comparison with the control group. In addition, a decrease of 33% in nicotine concentration and a increase of 57% in cotinine concentration were shown in rat blood. Therefore, NDM was shown to be effective in the conversion of nicotine into cotinine.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1992

Bacillus sp. YBL-7 which had been isolated from ginseng root-rot suppressive soil was able to antagonize Fusarium solani causing ginseng root-rot by their antibiotic substance. In order to develop multifunctional antagonist on Bacillus sp. YBL-7 as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium salam', optimal conditions for protoplast transformation system of Bacillus sp.YBL-7 by the vector plasmid pE194 were investigated. The protoplasts of Bacillus sp. YBL-7 were obtained at best efficiency by treatment with 200${\mu}g$/ml of lysozyme in the pH 7.0 of SMM buffer for 90 minutes at $40^{\circ}C$. The cell wall of the protoplast was regenerated on the agar plate containing 1.2% agar and 0.7 M mannitol. Under the best condition for protoplast formation and regeneration, the optimal transformation was achieved with 40% polyethylene glycol (M.W. 4000) treatment for 10minutes. The vector plasmid pE194 showed the best transformation frequency at 5$\mu$g/ml of final concentration. The pE194 was very stable over 80% in the transformants.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2004

A gene coding for epoxide hydrolase (EH) of Aspergillus niger LK, a fungus possessing the enantioselective hydrolysis activity for racemic epoxides, was characterized by phylogenetic analysis. The deduced protein of A. niger LK epoxide hydrolase shares significant sequence similarity with several bacterial EHs and mammalian microsomal EHs (mEH) and belongs to the a/${\beta}$ hydrolase fold family. EH from A. niger LK had 90.6% identity with 3D crystal structure of lqo7 in Protein Data Bank. Sequence comparison with other source EHs suggested that Asp$\^$l92/, Asp$\^$374/ and His$\^$374/ constituted the catalytic triad. Based on the multiple sequence comparison of the functional and structural domain sequence, the phylogenetic tree between relevant epoxide hydrolases from various species were reconstructed by using Neighbor-Joining method. Genetic distances were so far as 1.841-2.682 but characteristic oxyanion hole and catalytic triad were highly conserved, which means they have diverged from a common ancestor.