• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생물막 반응기

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A study on the treatment of highly-emulsified oily wastewater by an inverse fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (역 유동층 생물막 반응기를 이용한 유분함유폐수 처리에 관한 연구)

  • 최윤찬;나영수
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.361-367
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    • 1996
  • An inverse fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) was used for the treatment of highly-emulsified oily wastewater. When the concentration of biomass which was cultivated in the synthetic wastewater reached to 6000 mg/1, the oily wastewater was employed to the reactor with a input COD concentration range of 50 mg/1 to 1900 mg/l. Virtually the IFBBR showed a high stability during the long operation period although soma fluctuation was observed. The COD removal efficiency was maintained over 9% under the condition that organic loading rate should be controlled under the value of 1.5 kgCOD/$m^3$/day, and F/M ratio is 1.0 kgCOD/kgVSS/day at $22{\circ}C$ and HRT of 12 hrs. As increasing organic loading rates, the biomass concentration was decreased steadily with decreasing of biofilm dry density rather than biofilm thickness. Based on the experimental jesuits, it was suggested that the decrease in biofilm dry density was caused by a loss of biomass inside the biofilm.

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Dynamics of Microbial Community of Aerobic Biofilm Reactor using Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT and Activated Sludge for Phenol Wastewater Treatment (페놀폐수 처리를 위한 Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT와 활성슬러지를 이용한 호기성 생물막 반응기의 미생물 군집 동태)

  • 박근태;원성내;손홍주;남귀숙;이재동;이상준
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.239-245
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    • 2001
  • This research was performed to investigate the dynamics of microbial community by RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor) using Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT and activated sludge. Cell counts revealed by DAPI were compared with culturable bacterial counts from nutrient agar. Colony counts on nutrient agar gave values 20~25% and 1~15% of cell counts (DAPI). The cell counts for the dynamics of bacterial community were determined by combination of in situ hybridization with fluorescently-labelled oligonyucleotide probes and epifluorescence microscopy. Around 90~80% of total cells visualized DAPI were also detected by the bacteria probe EUB 338. For both reactors proteobacteria belonging to the gamma subclass were dominant in the first stage (1 and 2 stage) and proteobacteria belonging to the gamma subclass were dominant in the last stage (3 and 4 stage).

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Hydraulic Shock of Apartment Sewage in Inverse Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor (역유동층 생물막 반응기에서 수리학적 충격에 따른 아파트 오수의 처리)

  • 박영식;나영수
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 1997
  • The objective of this study was to examine the transient response to hydraulic shocks in an Inverse fluidized bed bioflm reactor(IFBBR) for the treatment of apartment sewage. The hydraulic shock experiments, when the system were reached at steady state with each HRT 12, 7, and 4hr, were conducted by chancing twice HRT per day during 3days. The SCOD, SS, DO, and pH of the effluent stream were increased with hydraulic shock, but easily recovered to the steady state of pre-hydraulic shock condition. In spite of hydraulic shock, there were not much variation of biomass concentration, biofilm thickness and biofilm dry density.

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흰쥐 초기발생에서 배아막의 미세구조적 특징

  • 홍순갑
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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    • 1998.07a
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    • pp.25-26
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    • 1998
  • 흰쥐의 배아발생 동안에 CGE가 존속하는지 여부와 이러한 물질에 의한 투명대와 배아표면의 미세구조 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 배아표면은 미수정란과는 다르게 배아표면의 미세 융모가 단축된 특징을 보였고, 8-세포기 배아에서 뚜렷하게 볼 수 있는 구조물에 의해 덮혀있다. 투명대의 구조역시 성숙난자에 존재하는 구조와는 다른 특징을 나타났고, 특히 투명대의 섬유성 미세공 구조가 거칠고 수적인 감소가 나타났다. 위란강에 피질반응에 의한 피질과립막이 형성되어 배아발생 동안에 존속하였으나 배아발생 동안에 수정란 보다는 엷고 국소적인 분포양상을 나타내었다. 본 결과를 종합해 볼때 흰쥐 초기배아발생 동안에 피질과립막이 존속하였고, 수정시 투명대경화 뿐만 아니라 피질반응에 의해 투명대의 미세구조와 배아표면의 구조도 변화됨을 알 수 있다.

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A Study on the Biological Organic, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (연속회분식 생물막 반응기(Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor)를 이용한 수중의 유기물, 질소 및 인의 동시 제거에 관한 연구)

  • 박민정;김동석
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.84-91
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    • 2004
  • Biological nutrient removal(BNR) from wastewater was performed by adopting various process configurations. The simultaneous biological organics, phosphorus and nitrogen removal of synthetic wastewater was investigated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). The other reactor was operating as a reference, without biofilm being added. The cycling time in SBR and SBBR was adjusted at 12 hours and then certainly included anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Both systems has been operated with a stable total organic carbon(TOC), nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance for over 90 days. Average removal efficiencies of TOC and total nitrogen were 83% and 95%, respectively. The nitrification rate in SBR was higher than that in SBBR. On the contrary, the denitrification rate in SBBR was higher than that in SBR. The phosphorus release was occurred in SBBR, however, not in SBR because of the inhibition effect of NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ .

Characteristics of continuous operation of the anaerobic biofilm reactor (혐기성 생물막 반응기의 초기 운전특성)

  • 이승란;김도한;나영수;이창한;박영식;윤태경;송승구
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.209-214
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    • 2002
  • The lab-scale anaerobic continuous reactor which was filled with the sludge of anaerobic digestion from Suyoung wastewater treatment plant was operated by feeding of various concentrations and flow rates. This experiment indicated that more than 6,870 mgCOD/L of substrate concentration was required to promote good metabolism and growth of anaerobic biomass. And increasing loading rate slowly was also required in order to treat substrate of higher concentration and higher loading rate. The substrate concentration of about 10,000 mgCOD/L was adequate to generate biogas efficiently. The pH was sharply decreased at the onset of higher leading rate, but the pH was restabilized soon at 8. During the experiment, the amount of the attached biomass was kept constant.

The Basic Design Parameters and Effluent Characteristics for Aerobic Fixed Biofilm Reactor (호기성 고정생물막 반응기에서 기초 설계인자와 유출수의 성상)

  • 박태주;송승구
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.235-245
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    • 1992
  • A number of experiments to treat wastewater of a dye plant were conducted to investigate the basic design parameters and effluent characteristics for aerobic fixed biofilm reactor upon the variation of organic loading rate. The media used for this study were SARAN 4000 D with specific surface area $153m^2/m^3$, and 1000 D with specific surface area $307m^2/m^3$. The influent COD concentration ranged from 1250 to 4080 mg/L. Substrate removal and variation of biomass concentration were observed. At the beginning, the effluent quality was poor but improved as the time passed. However the effluent quality became seriously deteriorated when the media clogged. At influent COD of 1250mg/L, the effluent COD varied little, even if the organic loading rate increased from 0.63 to 2.5kg COD/$m^3$/day. It was also noted that the design parameters for activated sludge process could be applied to an aerobic fixed biofilm process under the experimental conditions.

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Decolorization of dye solution using membrane bioreactor (MBR) by Trametes versicolor (막생물반응기(MBR)에 의한 염료용액의 처리연구)

  • Lee, Yuri;Kim, Hyun-Gi;Park, Chulhwan;Lee, Byunghwan;Kim, Sangyong
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.131-137
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    • 2004
  • Due to the low biodegradability of dyes, conventional biological wastewater treatment systems are inefficient in treating textile wastewater. In this study, white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor KCTC 16781, were investigated for the decolorization of Reactive black 5 solutions. This fungus was able to degrade the dye solutions by the ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and MnP) produced. The enzyme activity remained constant until the end of reaction. The combined process of biological treatment and ceramic membrane showed better efficiency for decolorization and TOC removal than each single process.

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Treatment of dyeing wastewater using Moving Bed Bioractor (부유메디아 생물막 공정을 이용한 염색폐수처리)

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Seung-Han;Park, Jun-Hyung;Jo, Seog-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2011.03a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2011
  • 염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

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Effects of Biomass Concentration and Sludge Loading Rate on Bioactivity and Membrane Fouling in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor System (침지형 분리막 생물반응기에서 미생물 농도와 슬러지 부하에 따른 미생물 활성 변화와 막오염 특성 연구)

  • Tak Tae-Moon;Bae Tae-Hyun;Jang Gyoung-Gug
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.289-297
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    • 2004
  • In this study, membranes were coupled to a sequencing batch reactor for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen, and the influences of MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solid) concentration and the sludge loading rate on membrane fouling and bioactivity were investigated. The amount of membrane fouling slightly increased with MLSS concentration at both non-aeration and aeration conditions, but effect of MLSS concentration was more significant at aeration condition. Although the effect of MLSS concentration on membrane fouling was found to be insignificant at low concentration level, extremely low sludge loading, which were generated by the maintenance of large amount of biomass in the reactor, caused severe membrane fouling, and air scouring effect decreased significantly in this condition. Specific bioactivity was constantly reduced as sludge loading rate decreased. In spite of high MLSS concentration over 17,000 mg/L, the activity of the reactor decreased at extremely low sludge loading rate presumably due to the lower oxygen transfer and the competition of biomass to deficient substrate.