• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생물막 공정

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Treatment Characteristics of Biological Aerated Filter Process Using the Upflow and Downflow System (상향류 및 하향류 생물막여과공정의 처리특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yang-Kyoo;Kim, Gun-Hyub
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.837-848
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents the test results of biological aerated filtration(BAF) process to replace activated sludge process by enhancing treated effluent quality and reducing the costs. In BAF process both BOD and SS compounds in wastewater are degraded and removed by biological reaction and filtration. Upflow BAF with expanded polypropylene media and downflow BAF with ceramic media were used to investigate the effects of hydraulic and organic loads on effluent quality. As a result, in BAF processes which has different media, upflow BAF reactor shows 5% higher efficiency than downflow BAF and this phenomena caused by backwashing methods and operational conditions. The results of influence factors analyzed by Factor Analysis Method in BOD and SS treatment efficiency are the size of media, hight of media bed and type of media. The quantitative effects of media size are 5.73% in TBOD, 5.78% in SBOD and 7.65% in TSS, so we confirmed the main factor is media size.

Effects of Natural Convection Instability on Membrane Fouling Control in Ultrafiltration (한외여과에서 자연대류 불안정성의 막오염 제어 효과)

  • 김태곤;염경호
    • Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 1997
  • 1. 서론 : 한외여과(ultrafiltration; UF)는 장치 및 조작이 간단하고, 열의 사용없이 물질을 분리 정제를 할 수 있기 때문에 생물제품 등을 비롯한 거대분자들의 분리에 널리 활용되고 있다. 그러나 한외여과 공정의 운전시 가장 큰 문제점은 막에 의해 분리된 물질들이 필연적으로 막표면에 가역적으로 누적되는 농도분극(concentration polarization)과 이 누적된 물질이 막과의 상호작용에 의해 막표면에 비가역적으로 침적되는 막오염(membrane fouling)현상을 유발시킨다는 것이다. 일반적으로 한외여과는 막세공과 분리 대상물의 크기차에 의한 sieve effect에 의해 분리가 이루어지는데 막오염이 발생되면 세공의 일부 또는 전체가 막히게 되어 결국에는 투과선속(permeate flux)이 감소하고, 막의 세공분포가 달라져 막 본래의 분리성능에 변화가 초래된다.(생략)

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혐기성 고정 생물막 공정에서 유입 농도의 변화에 따른 기질 전달 현상

  • Lee, Deok-Hwan;Kim, Do-Han;Park, Yeong-Sik;Yun, Tae-Yeong;Song, Seung-Gu
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.351-354
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    • 2002
  • This research discussed about the substrate transport phenomena in anaerobic biofilm. Three anaerobic fixed biofilm reactors were filled with the sludge of anaerobic digestor from Suyoung wastewater treatment plant. After 15 days of biofilm formation periods, suspended solids within the reactors were removed, and each fixed biofilm reactor was supplied with synthetic wastewater of different concentration of 8.00 mgTOC/L, 9.76 mgTOC/L and 18.97 mgTOC/L, respectively. The experimental results in conjunction with substrate transfer phenomena indicated that data - thickness, substrate removal rate. At the low influent substrate concentration(reactor 1 : 8.00 mgTOC/L, reactor 2 : 9.76 mgTOC/L), the rate of substrate utilization($k_v$), effective diffusivity($D_{eff}$) of substrate in biofilm were similar. While $k_v$ and $D_{eff}$ of the high influent substrate concentration(reactor 3 : 18.97 mgTOC/L) were higher than data in the reactors of the low influent substrate concentration.

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A Study on the Treatment of Leachate Using Combined Membrane Process (조합형 분리막공정을 이용한 침출수 처리에 관한 연구)

  • 강문선;최광호;손성섭
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.213-219
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    • 2000
  • In order to resolve the problem of aged land[jlJ leachate treatment, limitation in removal of non-biodegradable materials and denitrification caused by carbon source shortage, we applied combined process consisted of 5MBR and RO to leachate treatment. We perfonned 5MBR pilot plant tests on Yongin City for a period of about lOOdays, demonstrated the performance of the SlVlUR process (($NH_3$-N removal efficiency; 90%). But there was also limitation to removal of non-biodegradable materials and denitrification. In full-scale plant we observed the IXrformance of combined process (SMI3R + R/O) in order to confirm the expected treatment efficiencies. Their results were approximately 98%, 94% of treatment efficiency in case of $COD_{Cr}$(<3 mg/L) and TN(<50 mg/L)respectively and the results of treatment were stable.

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Butanol Separation/Concentration by Plasma Treated Pervaporation Membrane (저온 플라즈마 처리된 투과증발막의 부탄올 분리/농축 연구)

  • 김현영;임군택;김성수
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.198-204
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    • 2000
  • Pervaporation membranes were fabricated by low temperature plasma treatment the concentrate butanol solution from fermentation process. Effects of power, reaction time, and monomer flow rate were examined to optimize the (W!FM)t value as 4.0389 x 109 J . min/kg. Various organic compounds were tested in plasma treatment. Contact angle and relative sorption ratio were examined in terms of membrane performance. With the increase of contact angle and relative sorption ratio separation factor was enhanced from 0.186 to 3.525. and butanol flux increased from 0.042 to 0.567 kglm2. hr. Hydrophobicity of the membrane increased the affinity with butanoL Heat of mixing for monomer with butanol was examined, but failed to find the trend, because plasma polymerization of monomer produced the new compounds much different from monomers.

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Initial Condition of Methanotrophic Consortium Biofilm Reactor(MCBR) for Trichloroethylene Degradation (Trichloroethylene 분해를 위한 혼합 메탄자화균 생물막 반응기의 초기 조건)

  • Lee, Moo-Yeal;Yang, Ji-Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.971-980
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    • 2000
  • Mixed methanotrophs (MM) secreting soluble methane monooxygenase(sMMO) were immobilized on celite R-635 to degrade trichloroethylene(TCE) in methanotrophic consortium biofilm reactor(MCBR) system. Further neutralization of celite R-635 was not needed for immobilization because effluent pH was stabilized at neutral after 4 hour washing. It took 130 days to develop biofilm on celite R-635 and the color of the celite changed gradually from white to red. After biofilm developed, influent methane and oxygen were decreased from 2.5~4 and 8~10 ppm to 0.5~1 and 1~2 ppm, respectively, With influent 2 ppm of TCE and 10 hours of retention time, 79.9% of TCE was degraded in the MCBR system.

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Treatment of dyeing wastewater using Moving Bed Bioractor (부유메디아 생물막 공정을 이용한 염색폐수처리)

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Seung-Han;Park, Jun-Hyung;Jo, Seog-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2011.03a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2011
  • 염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

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Removal characteristic on micropollutants as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, caffeine in small water fall system using HBC ring media (생물막 끈상여재를 이용한 낙차형태별 수중 미량유해물질 ibuprofen, acetaminophen, caffeine분해특성)

  • Dockko, Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.129-135
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    • 2009
  • PPCP (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) is known as micropollutant that is released from wastewater treatment plant. Research represents that these contaminants have increased in the last 10 years. This study tries to make four different trickling filter systems using plastic fiber media to remove PPCP such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine. The results of the experiment that compares the process efficiencies of four different systems (A, B, C and D) using HBC media show that almost all the reactor has around 95% removal efficiency. Slope type HBC reactor has twice higher efficiency rather than submerged type reactor to remove PPCP in water system. In 8 hours, 89% of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine are removed in slope type reactor while 39% of them in submerged type.

Analysis and effectiveness of biological thin Layer (Schmutzdecke) on the sand surface in slow sand filtration processes (완속여과 공정에서 표층 생물막 생성 및 제어와 원인조류 규명)

  • Kim, Seong-Su;Park, No-Suk;Kim, Chung-Hwan;Park, Jong-Keun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 2008
  • Because of their simplicity, efficiency, and economy, slow sand filters are appropriate means of water treatment for small water systems. Biological activity within the sand bed have the strongest influence on removal efficiency of pollutants by slow sand filtration. This report investigated the microorganisms(algae) of slow sand filtration pilot plant at Y water treatment plant. Data were collected at inflow and slow sand filtration from May to October, 2007. The results indicated that the light exposure was influenced on microorganism in slow sand filtration according to the formation of algal biofilm. The relative contribution of biomass and accumulated particulates to head loss development in slow sand filters requires further study.

Membrane fouling reduction using electro-coagulation aided membrane bio-reactor (전기응집 분리 막 생물반응기의 막 오염 저감)

  • Kim, Wan-Kyu;Hong, Sung-Jun;Chang, In-Soung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.105-114
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    • 2018
  • Membrane fouling in EC-MBR (Electro-Coagulation aided Membrane Bio-Reactor) processes was evaluated according to the operating parameters, such as current density and contact time. In addition, the fouling mechanism was investigated. Compared to the control (i.e., no electro-coagulation), membrane fouling for filtration of the activated sludge suspension after electro-coagulation was reduced significantly. Membrane fouling was improved further when the contact time was doubled under a low current density of $2.5A/m^2$. On the other hand, membrane fouling was not mitigated further, as expected, even though the contact time was doubled from 12 to 24 hr. at a current density of $10A/m^2$. This indicates that the overall decrease in membrane fouling is a function of the product of the current density and contact time. The particle size of the activated sludge flocs after electro-coagulation was changed slightly, which means that the membrane fouling reduction was not attributed to a larger particle size resulting from electro-coagulation. The experimental confirmed that the dynamic membrane made from aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, and/or aluminum phosphate, Al(PO4), which had been formed during the electro-coagulation, played a key role on the reduction of membrane fouling. The dynamic membrane prevents the particles in the feed solution from deposition to the membrane pores and cake layers. Dynamic membrane formation as a result of electro-coagulation plays a critical role in the mitigation of membrane fouling in EC-MBR.