• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2009

The study is about how the difference in education levels can affect the subjects' use of color and find out the features of the effect. This experimental study focused on the differences in color expression using the outline picture of a painting before and after being exposed to a full-color picture of the original painting. Differences between two conditions with two different stimuli were observed and the cause of the differences was analyzed based on the number of colors and the quantity of colors and composition of the colors used by the subjects. The study precedes an experiment based on how the level of education though experience can affect the use of colors. This study is focused on the various effects of color usage by children and adults who have various degrees of visual experience. In addition, the study analyzes how design majored subject differed in the use of color from non-design majored subject and compares the use of colors by the two groups. The results showed that design majored subject tended to use less coloring patterns after seeing the stimulus of the Monet picture with more colors, and included the colors from the stimuli they were exposed to. The non-design majored subject who viewed the Mondrian painting demonstrated opposite results by using less number of colors than before seeing the stimuli. In comparison to design majored subject, the variations in selected colors and the quantity of color by non-design majored subject were not consistent.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2020

It is crucial to process not only social cognitive information but also various emotional information for appropriate social interaction in everyday life. The processing of emotions embedded in social stimuli is affected by various context and external factors and the features of their own. Emotion discrimination tasks using point-light biological motion were conducted in this study to understand the factors influencing emotion processing and their effects. A target biological motion with angry or happy emotion was presented in the first task in red, green, white, or yellow color. A white angry, happy, or neutral "cue" biological motion was displayed simultaneously. Participants judged the emotion of the target relative to the cue stimulus by comparing the target with the cue. The second task used only emotionally neutral stimuli to find effect by the color itself. The results indicated an association between the specific color of the target and emotion. Red facilitated processing anger, whereas green appeared to facilitate happy emotion. The discrimination accuracy was high when the emotions of the cue and the target were identical in general, but the combination of red color and anger yielded different results compared with the rest of the conditions. Some illusory emotional responses associated with the target colors were observed in the second task. We could observe the effects of external factors in this study, affecting the emotional processing using biological motion rather than conventional face stimuli. Possible follow-up studies and clinical research were discussed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to estimate human emotion quantitatively under colors and music stimuli and to examine the for correlation between color and music sensibility. Physiological signals(electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, Galvanic skin conductivity and respiration rate) were measured to compare color with music sensibilities. The personality of the subject were investigated using factor analysis and semantic differential method of 20 items(7 interval scaled). The results showed that red, yellow and violets color provoked active and exciting senses mainly as dance, rock and blues music. While blue, cyan and pink colors ware involved in tranquil and resting emotions deeply as classic and ballade music.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Additive color mixture of two different background colors appeared in the afterimage of a gray circle centered on an isoluminant bichromatic background (red/green, blue/green, or blue/yellow background). The chromatic mixture still appeared in the afterimage of a gray circle on a bichromatic background at different luminance levels, and also appeared in a large test field. The saturation of the induced color was observed to increase as the overall luminance of adaptation background stimulus increase of the size of test field decreases. It was found that the chromatic mixture does not appear with a chromatic or achromatic boundary inserted on the center of the test field. The boundary seems to prevent the induced color on each side of test field from spreading to the other side so that the induced color does not appear mixed but divided into two different colors. Without a boundary on the test stimulus, the color information induced in the afterimage seems to be too weak to create a subjective boundary between the two colors and consequently propagate inward appearing mixed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.42-49
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• 2009

This paper proposes a driving current control method for a back light unit (BLU), consisting of red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), whereby an RGB optical sensor is used to check the output color stimulus variation to enable a time-stable color stimulus for light emission by the RGB LED BLU. First, to obtain the present color stimulus information of the RGB LED BLU, an RGB to XYZ transform matrix is derived to enable CIEXYZ values to be calculated for the RGB LED BLU from the output values of an RGB optical sensor. The elements of the RGB to XYZ transform matrix are polynomial coefficients resulting from a polynomial regression. Next, to obtain the proper duty control values for the current supplied to the RGB LEDs, an XYZ to Duty transform matrix is derived to calculate the duty control values for the RGB LEDs from the target CIEXYZ values. The data used to derive the XYZ to Duty transform matrix are the CIEXYZ values for the RGB LED BLU estimated from the output values of the RGB optical sensor and corresponding duty control values applied to the RGB LEDs for the present, first preceding, and second preceding sequential check points. With every fixed-interval check of the color stimulus of the RGB LED BLU, the XYZ to Duty transform matrix changes adaptively according to the present lighting condition of the RGB LED BLU, thereby allowing the RGB LED BLU to emit the target color stimulus in a time-stable format regardless of changes in the lighting condition of the RGB LEDs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 표적과 방해자극을 분리시킬 때 관찰되는 간섭 감소가 반구내 및 반구간 조건에서 달리 나타난다는 것을 보여주기 위해 세 개의 실험을 실시하였다. 세 실험의 과제는 모두 색깔이 있는 원과 사각형이 주어지고 항상 검은색으로 제시되는 색 이름 단어가 주어진 상황에서 원의 색은 무시하고 사각형의 색과 단어가 의미하는 색이 같은지, 다른지를 판단하는 것이었다. 사각형의 색이 단어가 의미하는 색과 일치할 때 방해자극인 원의 색도 단어가 의미하는 색과 일치하는지 여부에 따라 방해자극의 세 조건(일치, 불일치, 중립)이 만들어졌다. 또한, 방해자극인 원이 표적 가운데 하나인 단어와 같은 시각장에 제시되는지, 혹은 반대편 시각장에 따로 제시되는지에 따라 반구 간섭조건(반구내 간섭, 반구간 간섭)이 만들어졌다 간섭효과는 불일치 조건과 중립 조건간의 차이로 측정하였다. 실험 1의 결과는 정확률과 반응시간 모두에서 반구내 간섭이 반구간 간섭보다 유의미하게 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 방해자극인 원을 선제시하였는데 그 결과 반구내 간섭이 특히 크게 감소하여 반구내 간섭과 반구간 간섭이 차이를 보이지 않게 되었다. 그러나 표적자극인 사각형을 선제시한 실험 3에서는 반구내 간섭이 여전히 반구간 간섭보다 유의미하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 세 실험의 결과를 종합하면 방해자극의 간섭 효과는 방해자극을 표적과 다른 반구로 분리 제시하거나, 선제시 같은 방법으로 방해자극을 표적과 분리시킬 때 유의미하게 감소하였다. 그러나 애초부터 방해자극을 표적과 다른 반구로 분리 제시하였던 반구간 간섭조건에서는 방해자극의 선제시가 간섭 감소를 가져오지 않았다. 지질의 산패를 가속화시킨 결과라고 생각된다. 따라서 호박 라면 제조시 이러한 공기와의 접촉을 차단시킬 수 있는 포장재료를 선택해야 될 것으로 사료된다.0.05), 맛, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 유의한 차이가 없었다.자체를 악하다고 볼 수 없고 더구나 구원을 이 세상에서의 이탈로 볼 수 없다. 진정한 구원이란 원래 하나님이 보시기에 아름다웠던 그 세상으로의 회복을 포함한다. 이런 면에서 하나님 주권 신앙 하에서 구원이란 전 인격적인 구원, 전 우주적인 구원이 된다. 그렇기 때문에 성도는 세상의 삶과 학문, 예술, 정치, 경제, 사회를 포함한 모든 분야를 하나님의 뜻 가운데서 그 원래의 목적에 부합할 수 있도록 회복시키는 일에 적극 참여해야 한다.자체가 이를 주도하기는 사실 어려움이 있다. 그리고 대형유통점이 영업행위를 영업시간제한에서부터 출점제한에 이르기까지 규제하는 건은 심사숙고하여야 한다. 대형유통점이 국가경제 및 지역사회에 미치는 영향이 부정적인가 긍정적인가에 대해 국내외 학계와 업계에서 여전히 많은 논란이 있기 때문이다. 정부와 지자체에 의한 시장개입은 반드시 필요한 경우에 한해 합당한 방법에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 대형유통점에 대한 규제는 지역사회에 미치는 영향을 다면적으로 평가한 결과에 근거하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 대부분의 지자체는 체계적인 평가시스템과 객관적인 통계 자료를 갖고 있지 못한 실정이다. 향후 가장 시급한 과제는 시장개방 이후 지난 10년간 대형유통점이 지역사회에 미친 영향에 관한 광범위한 통계자료를 수집하고 이를 체계적으로 분석하여 정책방향을 올바르게 설정하는 것이라 할 수 있다.i와 K. pneumonia

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1986

In order to analyse the color preference quantitatively, specially with reference to the subjects in the age of twenties, 100 subjects(M=50, F=50) that unconsidered other factors were adopted and responded to 4 items of the questionaire. The item no. 1 was to investigate the most prefered color on the white background, no. 2 was to most preferred stimulation -level of lightness in the same hues, no. 3 was to most prefered color on 5 different backgrounds -grey, blue, pink, yellow, and yellow green-, and no. 4 was same as no. 3 but with different color-arrangement Materials for item 1 and 3 were made with transparent acryl-boards(30cm$\times$30cm), on which 16 color chips arranged on circle, for item 4 on lattice, and for item 2 with 16 white boards(8cm$\times$21cm), on which 7 color chips of different lightness-level arranged. Reflectance(Y) and color coordinate(x, y) of all color chips measured with color difference meter were transfered into wavelength(nm), exitation purity(%), and Munsell's value. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) Most prefered color was bluish green with wave1ength about 500nm. As increasing of exitation purity of color, more prefered. 2) When there were 7 different levels of lightness in the same hues, the relationship between the number of preference and the stimulation was inverted U-shaped. 3) With changing the background -color, the prefered colors were contrasting when backgrounds were low or high intensity-stimulation and familiar colors when backgrounds were medium intensity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

This paper proposes a multi-level vector error diffusion method using 64 primary colors to improve color impulse artifact in bright region. Vector error diffusion method causes color impulse artifact in bright region because we only use the Euclidean distance measure in quantization process. In order to reduce this artifact, the proposed method divides input color into chromatic color and achromatic color according to chroma value. In the case of chromatic color, input color is classified into bright region, middle bright region, and dark region according to lightness value. N candidate primary color is organized using lightness difference between input vector and 60 chromatic primary color vector in the case of bright region. Then, primary color with minimum vector norm between input vector and N candidate primary color in addition to 4 achromatic primary colors is selected as output color. As a result of experiments, the proposed method showed visually pleasing halftone output.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.149-153
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• 2001

본 연구는 색 조명 시각 자극이 정상인의 기억작용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 평가해보고자 하였다. 피험자는 대학생 성인 남, 여 20대 (20-30세) 각각 10명을 대상으로 실시하였으며 자체 제작한 기억 테스트(Memory test)를 활용하였다. 색채 환경은 방음 암실에서 백색광원을 파장대별로 필터링한 색 조명을 사용하여 제시하였으며 실험 측정 파라미터로서는 정확도(accuracy), 반응시간(Response time) 그리고 학습시 주로 활성화 되는 뇌파인 알파와 세타파의 주파수 대역을 측정하여 기억기능을 수행하는 대뇌의 기억 활성화 상태를 색 조명에 따라 비교 분석 하였다. 측정결과 각각의 색조명에 대한 정확도는 파랑색에서 증가하고 반응시간을 노랑과 파랑에서 감소했다. 뇌파의 활성화에서도 흥분이나 긴장을 상징하는 빨강의 색보다는 파랑색과 보라색과 같은 단파장의 색이 알파파나 세타파를 활성화 시키는데 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었으며 이러한 연구가 감성적 색 조명 디자인의 응용이나 색 관련 제품 계발에 적극 활용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to verify human physiological responses to emotional lighting system using LED (light emitting diode) flat lighting. Subjects were ten males in their twenties without medical history to eyes. Colors of LED lighting are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and colorless (white). They were stimulated by LED lighting for 5 minutes. We measured body temperature, heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after color stimulus. In case of EEG analysis, relative power ${\alpha}$ wave ratio decreased in the groups of colorless, red and orange color light. Also, sympathetic nerve was more activated than parasympathetic nerve and the body temperature was increased in the groups of colorless, red, orange, yellow color light. On the other hand, relative power ${\alpha}$ wave ratio increased and parasympathetic nerve was more activated than sympathetic nerve and the body temperature was decreased in the groups of green, blue and purple color light. The results imply that the LED color lighting system in the realistic experiment environment. In the future, studies with compounded both colors and modes according to situation or auditory as nature sound or olfactory as aroma will be required.