• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

The length of optical fiber in dispersion-managed link combined with optical phase conjugation to compensate for signal distortion caused by chromatic dispersion and nonlinear Kerr effect is a major factor determining the compensation effectiveness. The dispersion-managed link consists of several fiber spans in which standard single mode fiber and dispersion compensating fiber are arranged. In this paper, the compensation effect in the link that changes residual dispersion per span only by adjusting the length of one type of optical fiber, which is different in the first half link and the second half link with respect to optical phase conjugator (OPC), has been investigated. It was confirmed that the best compensation for 960 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexed signal could be obtained in the dispersion-managed link, in which the cumulative dispersion profile is symmetric around the OPC, and the cumulative dispersion amount is all positive in the first half, and all the cumulative dispersion amount is distributed negatively in the second half.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.855-860
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• 2023

Long-haul transmission of multiple transmission signals, such as wavelength division multiplexed (WDM), has became possible, because the signal distortion caused by chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity can be compensated by applying dispersion management, optical phase conjugation and combination of the two methods into the transmission link. The biggest obstacle to applying optical phase conjugation to an optical link is that the optical phase conjugator (OPC) must be located only in the middle of the entire transmission line. This paper shows that the location constraints of OPC can be overcome through the application of an asymmetric dispersion map. The location of the OPC considered in this paper exists between the 8th and 9th fiber spans out of a total of 48 fiber spans. Additionally, the dispersion map has an asymmetric cumulative dispersion profile with respect to the OPC. As a result of the simulation, it was confirmed that the distortion compensation effect of the WDM channel can be increased compared to the link to which the traditional dispersion map is applied, depending on the overall shape of the cumulative dispersion profile distribution of the proposed asymmetric dispersion map and the selection of the profile slope.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 2024

When mid-span spectral inversion (MSSI), which inverts the propagated wave into phase-conjugated wave in the middle of the entire transmission distance, is combined with dispersion-managed link, it is very effective in compensating for the wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal distortion due to chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects. In this MSSI combined dispersion-managed link, the shape of the dispersion map, channel data rate, channel wavelength and wavelength spacing, etc. affect the compensation and, consequently, determine the transmission distance and capacity of the WDM signal. In this paper, the compensation according to the extinction ratio of the return-to-zero (RZ) pulse that constitutes the WDM signal in the MSSI combined distributed control link was numerically analyzed. As a result of the simulation, it was conformed that the extinction ratio to obtain the best compensation should be determined depending on the shape of the dispersion map and the size of the residual dispersion per span, which determines the specific shape of the dispersion map. These results show a significant difference from the results in a general optical transmission system, where as the extinction ratio increases, the power difference between the '1' and '0' signals increases, thereby improving reception performance.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

A configuration scheme of optical link effectively compensating chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects accumulated in optical link with single mode fibers (SMFs) is proposed. The proposed optical link configuration consist of optical phase conjugator (OPC) placed at middle of total transmission length and inline dispersion management (DM) as a role of compensating cumulated in each optical repeater of SMF by dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). Net residual dispersion (NRD) of this optical link is designed to be controlled through precompensation and postcompensating. The precompensation and postcompensation are designed to be determined by DCF after transmitter and before receiver, respectively. It is confirmed that optical link configuration with symmetric dispersion map with respect to OPC, which is implemented by controlling NRD through both precompensation and postcompensation, is better to be effective and adaptive than other configuration with NRD controlled by only precompensation or postcompensation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.474-480
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• 2022

Optical phase conjugation is one of techniques capable of compensating for distortion due to chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity, which are essential for long-distance transmission of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal. We proposed and analyzed a way to solve the limitations of this technology through dispersion map with periodic dispersion profile. In the proposed system, optical phase conjugator (OPC) is placed at the position of 1:2 or 2:1 of the entire link, and the dispersion profile of dispersion map has periodic shape in the form of a sine wave or an inverse-sine wave. It was confirmed that the effective compensation of the distorted 960 Gb/s WDM signal was further improved through the proposed periodic dispersion map when the OPC was located at the 1:2 point instead of the 2:1 point of the entire link. In addition, it was found that the maximum RDPS allocated to fiber span should be 1,800 ps/nm or more in order to increase the design flexibility of dispersion-managed link with the proposed periodic dispersion map.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7A
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• pp.719-726
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• 2004

In this paper, compensation characteristics of distorted WDM channel due to both chromatic dispersion and self phase modulation (SPM) is numerically investigated under the assumptions of non-uniformly distributed fiber dispersion, in order to inspect the application of mid-span spectral inversion (MSSI) to any exact transmission links. The MSSI is compensation method used in this approach. This method has an optical phase conjugator (OPC) placed in mid-way of total transmission length to compensate distorted WDM channels. It is confirmed that MSSI will become applicable to long-haul WDM systems by controlling input light power of transmission channels, when the averaged dispersion of both fiber sections with respect OPC was varied and distributed unequally each other. Applying MSSI to long-haul WDM system, it is possible to remove all in-line compensator, consequently it will be expected to reducing system cost.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a novel way of combining color demosaicing and the auto white balance (AWB) method, which are important parts of image processing. Performance of the AWB is generally affected by demosaicing results because most AWB algorithms are performed posterior to color demosaicing. In order to increase the performance and efficiency of the AWB algorithm, the color constancy problem is considered during the color demosaicing step. Initial estimates of the directional luminance and chrominance values are defined for estimating edge direction and calculating the AWB gain. We propose a modified edge-based AWB method that used a pre-defined achromatic region. The estimation of edge direction is performed region adaptively by using the local statistics of the initial estimates of the luminance and chrominance information. The proposed method shows significant improvements in terms of visual and numerical criteria when compared to conventional methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.7A
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 2000

Projection that can be used as a feature for image representation, includes much available informations such as approximated shape and location. But when we retrieve image using it, there are some disadvantage such as requiring much index data and making different length of projected vector for differenr image size. In order to overcome these problems, we propose a method of using block variance for the projected vector. We use block variance of the projection vector to localize the characteristics of image and to reduce the number of index data in database. Proposed algorithm can make use of statistical advantage through database including various size of images and be executed with fast response time in implementation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.10B
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• pp.855-864
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• 2008

Optical link techniques compensating chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects, which affect distortion of optical signals, generated in single mode fiber are investigated through computer simulation and design rule of these link techniques is proposed for implementation of wideband and long-haul WDM ($24{\times}40$ Gbps) transmission system. The optical link consist of dispersion management (DM) compensating the cumulated dispersion through total transmission line and optical phase conjugation in middle of total transmission line for compensating distorted signals by frequency inversion. DM schemes considered in this research are lumped DM and inline DM. It is confirmed that eye opening penalty (EOP) of overall WDM channels are more improved than those in WDM transmission systems with only optical phase conjugator (OPC), if DM is additionally applied to these systems. And, design rule in both DM schemes are proposed by using effective residual dispersion range. It is confirmed that inline DM is better than lumped DM in the improving EOP of total WDM channels and in effective residual dispersion range.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2021

The alternative method for symmetric configuration in optical link consisted of dispersion management and optical phase conjugation for compensating of the distorted optical signals due to chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects of standard single mode fiber is proposed. The symmetric configuration means number of fiber spans, dispersion distribution in former half section and latter half section, etc should be symmetrical about optical phase conjugator. In dispersion-managed proposed in this research, optical phase conjugator is located after former half section consisted of 6 fiber spans and before latter half section of 14 fiber spans, and the averaged residual dispersion per span (RDPS) of each half section are consistence. The compensation effects of the distorted signals in the proposed link is analyzed by comparing with the results obtained in dispersion-managed link with the unequally averaged RDPS of each half section. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that RDPS deviation between adjacent fiber span has a grater effect on the compensation than the equivalent of the averaged RDPS.