• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

Cracks in reinforced concrete structures are the most common type of damage and are used as important analytical data to understand the fracture behavior characteristics of structures. Currently, there is a problem that most of the crack investigation relies on visual inspection, therefore many researchers have proposed image analysis techniques to improve the problem. In this study, we proposed a crack evaluation method to be applied at an indoor experimental level using image analysis method. The image analysis technique using color is for distinguishing a boundary surface between objects existing in an image, and is a method for separating similar colors into one region based on a predefined color. In this study, to improve the accuracy of image analysis, blue paint was applied to the concrete surface and bending experiments were performed. The image analysis method was able to measure the crack width with superior accuracy compared to the crack diameter, and at the same time, it was also possible to analyze the deflection of the beam. Both the crack and deformation were able to confirm the accuracy similar to the existing measurement method, and it was found that the image analysis method was very excellent in terms of applicability.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

The objective of the imaging pipeline is to transform the original scene into a display image that appear similar, Generally, gamma adjustment or histogram-based method is modified to improve the contrast and detail. However, this is insufficient as the intensity and the chromaticity of illumination vary with geometric position. Thus, MSR (Multi-Scale Retinex) has been proposed. the MSR is based on a channel-independent logarithm, and it is dependent on the scale of the Gaussian filter, which varies according to input image. Therefore, after correcting the color, image quality degradations, such as halo, graying-out, and dominated color, may occur. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel color correction method using a modified image formation model in which the image is divided into three components such as global illumination, local illumination, and reflectance. The global illumination is obtained through Gaussian filtering of the original image, and the local illumination is estimated by using JND-based adaptive filter. Thereafter, the reflectance is estimated by dividing the original image by the estimated global and the local illumination to remove the influence of the illumination effects. The output image is obtained based on sRGB color representation. The experiment results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color correction over the conventional methods.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.117-139
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• 2021

The way of change detection in which presence of a different item is determined between memory and test arrays with a brief in-between time interval resembles how visual search is done considering that the different item is searched upon the onset of a test array being compared against the items in memory. According to the resemblance, the present study examined whether varying the probability of change occurrence in a visual short-term memory-based change detection task can influence the aspect of response-decision making (i.e., change prevalence effect). The simple-feature change detection task in the study consisted of a set of four colored boxes followed by another set of four colored boxes between which the participants determined presence or absence of a color change from one box to the other. The change prevalence was varied to 20, 50, or 80% in terms of change occurrences in total trials, and their change detection errors, detection sensitivity, and their subsequent RTs were analyzed. The analyses revealed that as the change prevalence increased, false alarms became more frequent while misses became less frequent, along with delayed correct-rejection responses. The observed change prevalence effect looks very similar to the target prevalence effect varying according to probability of target occurrence in visual search tasks, indicating that the background principles deriving these two effects may resemble each other.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2001

사이즈 프레스용 전분은 주로 산화전분이 이용되고 있으며, 전분업체에서 공급되는 것과 제지공장에서 자가변성으로 제조하여 이용하는 것으로 나눌 수 있다. 자가변성의 경우 경제적 측면에서 원가절감이 가능한 장점이 있는 반면 전분 품질이 다소 미흡한 단점이 있다. 자가변성 산화제로는 APSCAmmonium persulfate), 효소 등이 이용된다. 효소는 APS에 비해 전분 분자 내의 1,4결합만을 가수분해 시키고 점도안정성과 전분 용액 색상이 양호한 특성을 보인다. 또한 온도/농도/점도 등의 상관성을 자유롭게 이용하여 요구하는 전분 용액 품질을 얻을 수 있다. 제지용 전분 산화용으로는 주로 알파 -아밀라아제가 이용된다.본 실험은 산화전분을 효소변성을 이용한 생전분으로 가능성을 알아보고자 진행되었다. 일차적으로 실험실에서 하였고, 몇 차례의 mill trial을 통해 효소변성 전분 적용을 최적화하고자 하였다. 실험실적으로 효소변성을 위한 반응조건으로 온도, 시간, pH, 투입량 등을 설정하였 고, 각 조건별로 제조된 전분 용액의 점도를 측정하여 효소 반응성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 전분 용액의 점도는 낮았고, 점도 안정성 또한 양호한 수준을 보였다. Cooking농 도는 20%로 하였으나 보다 고농도 cooking의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 시트 물성도 전반적으로 산화전분 대비 대등한 수준을 나타내었다. Mill trial은 무림제지에서 실시하였고 사이즈 프레스 조제식을 이용하였다. 전분 농도는 초기에 20%로 시작하여 30%까지 올려서 trial을 실시하 였고, 그 외 작업조건들은 산화전분 적용 시와 동일하게 하였다. 효소 반응시간으로 인해 cooking시간이 다소 많이 걸렸으나 전반적인 조제 작업은 큰 문제 없이 이루어졌고, 효소변성 전분 용액의 점도는 낮은 수준으로 유지되었다. 사이즈 프레스 작업성이나 시 트 물성도 산화전분 적용 시와 대등한 수준을 보였으나, 전분 차이로 인한 색상 차이로 부가적인 염료 조정이 이루어졌다. 한편 폐수부하 증가를 우려하였으나, 이에 따른 문제는 크게 발생되지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2010

The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of contrast color coordination through the analysis of modern woman fashion color coordination as they appear in the 'Collections' from '04 SS to '09/'10 AW. Data collection of 122 was done through review of '$pr{\hat{e}}t$-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections' of four cities; Milan, London, New York, Paris. Statistical analysis of frequency and qualitative interpretation of contrast color coordination characteristics were completed. The main findings were as follows; (1) The combined color type of 'red+blue' and 'yellow+blue' were the most frequently appeared in the same ratio, and followed by 'green+violet', 'red+yellow', 'green+orange', and 'orange+violet'. The contrast tone showed the most, and followed by the similarity and identity, and the type of tone harmony used differently according to the type of contrasting color combination. (2) The general characteristics of contrasting color harmony were as follows,; Some contrasting colors looked harmonious when used light colors and the contrast between light and dull colors which made the hues even more harmonious. Also combinations of dull colors which work well with other dull colors or vivid colors. Light & vivid color or light & dark color, however, often showed too much contrast and using two contrasting vivid colors presented awkward and restless look. When used one vivid color and one dark color, a little easier to looked at, but still not particularly elegance or effectively harmonious. (3) The types of contrasting color harmony showed some differences between seasons. Contrasting color harmony showed more frequently in the S/S collections than in A/W collections.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.46-57
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• 2018

Fashion is a cultural element expressing general and common aesthetic awareness in a relevant region in the relevant times. On the aspect that shoes are also a part of fashion reflecting the unique aesthetic awareness of Korea, this paper aims to analyze the aesthetic awareness contained in the aesthetic features observed in the traditional boots. The aesthetic features in terms of the form were the balanced usage of each element including curves, straight lines, simple shapes, contrast colors and materials, and the application and ideological significance as the symbol of social position and status in terms of the contents. Aesthetic awareness pursues the beauty of moderation through the compromise between curves and straight lines, as both elements accept each other's features and keep balance without inclination to one element. Next, solid and void are naturally expressed by appropriately adjusting the expression on colors, materials and shapes through the harmony of composure and techniques. While traditional boots were used as the sign indicating social position and status as the unity of spirit and a thing, they pursue the value of rhythmic vitality by giving spiritual meaning to a thing.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.177-183
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• 2011

VES-LMC(very-early strength latex modified concrete) has been widely used as repair material for bridge deck overlay or rehabilitation, because it could be opened to the traffic after 3 hours of curing. However, the bright color of VES-LMC disturb driver's sigh. A black VES-LMC, matching to asphalt concrete, was developed and applied at a filed for driver's comfort and safety. The black VES-LMC included 2% carbon black in cement weight ratio. A series of performance evaluation for black VES-LMC was done in terms of field applicability, pavement color and temperature change. The field applicability test result showed that there were no change of workability, slump and air void, and the compressive strengthen developed more than 20MPa after 4 hours of placement. The thermal stress of black VES-LMC was smaller than that of OPC and asphalt concrete, which means the stability of black VES-LMC. The performance evaluation result showed that the black VES-LMC could prevent road icing at below zero temperatures and promote thawing at melting temperature.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.129-138
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• 2014

Various interpolations for digital imaging devices with a single image sensor have proposed. However, conventional methods did not consider the resolution modus of image sensor using periodic sampling. Therefore, the resulting images have problems such as quality degradation and color artifacts(color moire, zipper). In this paper, we propose a color interpolation algorithm for pixel resolution modus of image sensor. The proposed algorithm consisted of an initial step to compensate edge prediction effectively and refinement step using minimum directions for pixel resolution modus. To analyze a result of the proposed algorithm with conventional methods, we evaluated subjectively using images quality comparison and objectively using PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio). Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm was more successful in eliminating the color artifacts than conventional methods judged by both objective and subjective criteria.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.684-694
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• 2012

In the underwater environment, light is absorbed and scattered by water and floating particles, which makes the underwater images suffer from color degradation and limited visibility. Physically, the amount of the scattered light transmitted to the image is proportional to the distance between the camera and the object. In this paper, the proposed visibility enhancement. method utilizes depth images to estimate the light transmission and the degradation factor by the scattered light. To recover the scatter-free images without unnatural artifacts, the proposed method normalizes the degradation factor based on the value of each pixel of the image. Finally, the scatter-free images are obtained by removing the scattered components on the image according to the estimated transmission. The proposed method also considers the color discrepancies of underwater stereo images so that the stereo images have the same color appearance after the visibility enhancement. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the color contrast more than 5% to 14% depending on the experimental images.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2018

Two liquids which are generally used as fuels of rockets are mixed and their mixing process is quantitatively investigated by the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV). As working fluids for the liquid mixing, Dimethylfuran (DMF) and JetA1 oils have been used. Since the specific gravity of DMF is larger than that of JetA1 oil, the DMF oil has been set at the lower part of the JetA1 oil. For better visualization of the mixing process, Rhodamin B powder has been blended into the DMF oil. An agitator having 3 blades has been used for mixing the two liquids. For quantitative visualization, a LCD monitor has been used as a light source. A color camera, camcoder, has been used for recording the mixing process. The images captured by the camcoder have been digitized into three color components, R, G, and B. The color intensities of R, G, and B have been used as the inputs of the neural network of which hidden layer has 20 neurons. Color-to-concentration calibration has been performed before commencing the main experiments. Once this calibration is completed, the temporal changes of the concentration of the DMF has been quantitatively analyzed by using the constructed measurement system.