• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2023

디지털 기술은 오늘날 플랫폼과 디지털 트윈의 기술도입을 통해 현실 세계를 네트워크와 가상세계와의 연결이 통합되어진 가상 현실 세계의 입문 도약이다. 현실에서 가상현실의 사이의 디지털 전환(digital transformation)에는 디지털 기술과 솔루션을 비즈니스의 모든 영역에 통합하는 것이 포함된다. 이러한 디지털 전환의 핵심은 데이터에 관한 것이며, 데이터를 활용하여 가치를 창출하고 고객경험과 비즈니스 영역을 극대화하는 방식을 제공한다. 최적의 데이터를 제공하기 위한 플랫폼과 가상 현실세계 구현을 위한 디지털 트윈의 상호연계 관한 기본 개념은 데이터 수집, 데이터 분석, 데이터 시각화 및 데이터 보고와 같은 데이터 비즈니스이다. 현장 데이터는 디지털 양식을 통해 수집, 기록, 저장된다. 현장 IoT 기반 데이터(사진 및 비디오 매체 등)는 지속적으로 수집되고 종종 다른 데이터베이스에 저장되지만 지리 공간적 위치에 연결되지 않는다. 모든 디지털 발전을 조화시키고 지하수 데이터에서 더 빠른 이해를 도출하기 위해서는 디지털 트윈이 시작되어야 한다. 단일 지하수플랫폼에서 현장 조건을 시각화하고 실시간 데이터를 스트리밍하며, 과거 3D 데이터와 상호작용하여지질 또는 지화학 데이터를 선택적 사용을 위해 지하수 플랫폼과 디지털 트윈이 연계되어야 한다. 데이터를 디지털 정보모델과 연결하면 디지털 트윈에 생명을 불어넣을 수 있지만 디지털 트윈의 가치를 극대화하려면 여전히 데이터 플랫폼 서비스와 전달 방식을 선택해야 한다. 지하수 플랫폼동시성을 갖는 디지털 트윈은 정적 및 동적 데이터를 저장하는 데이터베이스 또는 크라우드 서비스에서 데이터를 가져오는 API(애플리케이션 프로그래밍 인터레이스), 디지털 트윈을 위한 호스팅 공간, 디지털 대상을 구축하는 소프트웨어, 구성 요소 간 읽기/쓰기를 위한 스크립트, chatGPT 및 API를 활용할 수 있다. 이를 통해 수집된 데이터의 실시간 양방향 통신기술인 지하수 플랫폼 기술을 활용하여 디지털 트윈을 적용하고 완성할 수 있고, 이를 지하수 분야에도 그대로 적용할 수 있다. 지하수 분야의 디지털 트윈 기술의 근간은 지하수 모니터링을 위한 관측장치와 이를 활용한 지하수 플랫폼의 구축 및 양방향 자료전송을 통한 분석 및 예측기술이다. 특히 낙동강과 같이 유역면적이 넓고 유역 내 지자체가 많아 이해관계가 다양하며, 가뭄과 홍수/태풍 등 기후위기에 따른 극한 기상이변가 자주 발생하고, 또한 보 및 하굿둑 개방 등 정부정책 이행에 따른 민원이 다수 발생하는 지역의 경우 하천과 유역에 대한 지하수 플랫폼과 디지털 트윈의 동시성 기술적용 시 지하수 데이터에 대한 고려가 반드시 수반되어야 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.33-43
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• 2002

Travel choice behavior is affected by real-time traffic information. Recently, in urban area, real-time traffic information is provided by several instruments such as transportation broadcasting, internet PC network and variable message sign, etc. Furthermore, it has been increasing for urban travelers to use real-time traffic information provided by several instruments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of advanced traveler information on urban worker's travel choice behavior. Among several Advanced Traveler Information System(ATIS) employed in urban area. This study focuses on examining the effects of transportation broadcasting on urban worker's travel choice behavior. This study attempts to examine traveler's mode change behavior in the pre-trip stage and traveler's route change behavior in the on-route stage. For this study, the survey data collected from Daegu City in 2000 is used. For empirical analysis, several nested logit models are estimated, and among them, the best models are reported in this paper. Furthermore, based on the empirical models estimated for this research, important findings and their policy implications are discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.475-487
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to examine an existence of mutual interdependency in terms of military expenditure and arms imports between Northeast Asian countries such as South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, and U.S. Recently, the mood of post cold war and intensified globalization lead to be disarmament in pursuing a policy on national defence in many countries. Since potential menace to national security has been receiving more concern rather than a direct armed clash, mutual interdependency on military spending should be fully understood. For a methodological tools, ${\beta}$ and ${\sigma}$-convergences, convergence with rational expectation, and Granger causality test are employed. Empirical evidence shows that the convergences which are evaluated by ${\beta}$, ${\sigma}$, and by a model based on rational expectation are in general revealed, and differences are more sensitive to a military decision making procedures. Granger causality, however, is not being existed. To this end, it would be concluded that the Northeast Asian countries are going with a trend in the world than forming their own tendency in this region.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.232-236
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• 2008

Dependence of interlayer exchange coupling on antiferromagnetic IrMn thickness, thermal stability, and parallel anisotropy angle in perpendicular anisotropy [CoFe/Pt/CoFe]/IrMn multilayers was investigated. The magnetic property of [CoFe($10{\AA}$)/Pt($8{\AA}$)/CoFe($10{\AA}$)] induced by antiferromagnetic ordering of IrMn layer was maintained a stable perpendicular anisotropy up to $250^{\circ}C$ and from $7{\AA}$ to $160{\AA}$ of IrMn thickness. The value of interlayer exchange coupling of [CoFe/Pt/CoFe]/IrMn multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy increased to 1.5 times at anisotropy angle of $60^{\circ}$ more than of $0^{\circ}$. On the other side, the interlayer exchange coupling at anisotropy angle of $90^{\circ}$ was $\infty$ Oe, it was likely diverted to a parallel shape magnetization.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-191
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• 2021

This paper examines what is the content of Gusan's urban identity, represented by the film and how the contents and aspects of this city's identity interact with the structure of the films' discourse. weaves Gunsan and Seoul into continuously reorganized cities based on an interactive relation, rather than literal ones. Seoul in which the time for a film narrative is closed is converted into the starting point for tour to Gunsan. The both points in which audiences' ex post return occurs are the starting point for the time for the film discourse and the other point in which the title is suggested. The journey-type of the narrative structure in this film is a3-dimensional spiral-shaped, rather than a 2-dimensional circular regression. embodies the characteristics and the identity and apriority of two cities, based on such a spiral-shaped temporal and spatial structure. Seoul severs the relation between grand narrative/collective memory and small narrative/individual memory as an agnostic one, in other words, it is a city that cuts off cities, relations and memory and rejects the continuity of memory. On the other hand, Gunsan is a city in which both grand and small narrative and collective and individual memory coexist and both split and isolated mind are cured and mutually consoled. It describes Gunsan as the surplus space as a being for others, while expressing its identity as robust and literal thing. The film describes it as the field in which oppositional concepts such as historical interruption and continuity and spatial being for others and originality become 3-dimensional spiral ones, through the reciprocity between the narrative and the discourse structure. This paper has an implication, in that it examines how temporal and spatial relationship constituting the urban identity interacts with the structure of the film narrative.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The drastically changing society has brought diverse types of families, and these diversities are changing the concept of the word 'family' itself. Inevitably, these changes cause different viewpoints among family members, developing into conflicts and social issues. In this paper, generational family problems, which are caused by changes within the family as a result of the variously, diversely changing society, are observed to suggest a resolution. Looking into the functional variety that today's structural change within a family demands, several positives changes described below have been observed; Firstly, the change in the way of interaction among family members; Secondly, the demand for continuance on relational functions including love, care, etc, as a psychological resource of family; Thirdly, the conversion from form's sake relationship to actual relationship; and Lastly, the usage of a clearer communications network. The interaction between the parent-children relationship, according to the changes in family life cycle, is also re-focused to seek resolutions for intergenerational conflicts. The results are as follows; Firstly, the changeability of various family types today must be accepted, and the functional aspects of changing families must be emphasized ; Secondly, the mutual-exchanging value of each generation must be accepted, strengthening relational functions between generations; Thirdly, it is necessary to refocus filial piety. In other words, though the intergenerational transmission of family functions may become the basis of lineage and clan formation, it won't be possible without interaction between generation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.729-736
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• 2024

In connection with the OECD's core competency proposal, we would like to consider an attempt to realize this in liberal arts education at Korean universities and examine what kind of education plan it is desirable to present to learners. Universities are expanding competency-based education into human and social fields by reconsidering new talent awards and the direction of education. In this way, each university selects and organizes core competencies and incorporates the core competencies that the university pursues into educational goals. Under the supervision of the Ministry of Education, education centered on core competencies is exploring its potential in liberal arts courses at universities above all else. We want to explore a methodology that can achieve learner-centered teaching and learning effects in the process of incorporating and accepting this. Language acquisition along with cross-cultural understanding is above all else a part that can promote learners' competencies in terms of diversity and mutual understanding. Therefore, we reflect this in French liberal arts education and explore teaching and learning processes by incorporating respect for diversity and mutual cultural understanding competency education related to learners' motivation into lectures. We aim to supplement this through collaboration and mutual cultural understanding processes as presentation tasks in order to overcome the existing competency-based evaluation while deriving acceptance results from learners. Therefore, they recognize that the direction of core competency education naturally shifts to value-centered education.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.427-434
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• 2019

The role of hydrophobic residues on protein folding reaction was studied by folding kinetics measurements in conjunction with protein engineering. The HubWA, which was derived from human ubiquitin by mutating the residues at 45 (Phe to Trp) and 26 (Val to Ala), was used as a mutational background. Fourteen hydrophobic residues were mutated to alanine. Among fourteen variants generated, only four variant proteins (V5A, I13A, V17A, and I36A) were suitable for folding study. The folding kinetics of these variants was measured by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The folding kinetics of HubWA and V17A was observed to follow a three-state on-pathway mechanism. On the other hand, folding kinetics of V5A, I13A, and I36A was observed to follow a two-state mechanism. Based on these observations, transition of protein folding reaction from collision-diffusion mechanism to nucleation-condensation mechanism was discussed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The co-culture system of microalgae and bacteria enables simultaneous removal of BOD and nutrients in a single reactor if the pair of microorganisms is symbiotic. In this case, nutrients are converted to biomass constituents of microalgae. This review highlights the importance and recent researches using symbiotic co-culture system of microalgae and bacteria in wastewater treatment, focusing on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. During wastewater treatment, the microalgae produces molecular oxygen through photosynthesis, which can be used as an electron acceptor by aerobic bacteria to degrade organic pollutants. The released $CO_2$ during the bacterial mineralization can then be consumed by microalgae as a carbon source in photosynthesis. Microalgae and bacteria in the co-culture system could cooperate or compete each other for resources. In the context of wastewater treatment, positive relationships are prerequisite to accomplish the sustainable removal of nutrients. Therefore, the selection of compatible species is very important if the co-culture has to be utilized in wastewater treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1995

Pasture composed of about 30% botanical composition of white clover (Trijolium repem L.) is desirable in its productivity and quality. To get information on maintaining its productivity in the pasture, the experiment was canied out to determine the effect of infrequent, frequent defoliation or their alternation on change of its harvest yield and growth. Individual plants of Regal, Louisiana S-1, Grasslands Huia and Aberystwyth S184 were grown in 22cm plastic pot containing a 2 : 1 : 1 soil : sand : Peat moss mixture for 27 days after transplanting 50day seedlings raised on 3cm pots, and then all their fully expanded leaves are removed. Defoliation treatments were forced every 1 (CC, frequent), 4 week (RR, infrequent) or their alternations (CR, RC) after 8 weeks from the removal. To analyze the treatment effects, plants were sampled on 0 (the removal day), 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the removal and seperated to leaves, petioles, stolons and roots. Each harvest yield of infrequent defoliation (RR) was higher than that of frequent defoliation (CC). Their alternations (RC, CR), however, forced fluctuation of the yield according to defoliation interval. Fraction weights from their altemations showed intermediate ones of infrequent and Frequent defoliation whose weights did the similar result to their harvest yields. Fraction and total dry weights per plant, shoot/root ratio were changed by relative span of defoliation interval, which resulted from the weights of leaves and petioles, removed parts. Root and total dry weight per plant of Regal were greater than the other cultivm in infrequent defoliation interval regardless of continuous or alternations. Productivity of white clover in pasture, therefore, can be controlled by alternation of infrequent and frequent defoliation or reverse.