• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2009

The motion data glove is a representative human-computer interaction tool that inputs human hand gestures to computers by measuring their motions. The motion data glove is essential equipment used for new computer technologiesincluding home automation, virtual reality, biometrics, motion capture. For its popular usage, this paper attempts to develop an inexpensive visual.type motion data glove that can be used without any special equipment. The proposed approach has the special feature; it can be developed as a low-cost one becauseof not using high-cost motion-sensing fibers that were used in the conventional approaches. That makes its easy production and popular use possible. This approach adopts a visual method that is obtained by improving conventional optic motion capture technology, instead of mechanical method using motion-sensing fibers. Compared to conventional visual methods, the proposed method has the following advantages and originalities Firstly, conventional visual methods use many cameras and equipments to reconstruct 3D pose with eliminating occlusions But the proposed method adopts a mono vision approachthat makes simple and low cost equipments possible. Secondly, conventional mono vision methods have difficulty in reconstructing 3D pose of occluded parts in images because they have weak points about occlusions. But the proposed approach can reconstruct occluded parts in images by using originally designed thin-bar-shaped optic indicators. Thirdly, many cases of conventional methods use nonlinear numerical computation image analysis algorithm, so they have inconvenience about their initialization and computation times. But the proposed method improves these inconveniences by using a closed-form image analysis algorithm that is obtained from original formulation. Fourthly, many cases of conventional closed-form algorithms use approximations in their formulations processes, so they have disadvantages of low accuracy and confined applications due to singularities. But the proposed method improves these disadvantages by original formulation techniques where a closed-form algorithm is derived by using exponential-form twist coordinates, instead of using approximations or local parameterizations such as Euler angels.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.217-244
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• 2008

Consumers' overall satisfaction on a specific library use is inferred to be primarily accrued from their performance perception and use satisfaction on the library information service system as recent information technology is being rapidly improved and more libraries are being equipped with advanced information technologies. However, prior research has been conducted only on general library service quality and visitors' satisfaction, leaving the important aspects of visitors' library use and information performance perception. Thus, the objectives of this research are to examine the effect of library use patterns such as general visit for book reading and more professional information search, coupled with service quality, on the library users' performance perception on the information system that in turn, affects library use satisfaction on the same information system. More specifically, this study examines whether library visitors perceive differenltly the information system performance according to their library use patterns such that professional library users may have less positive on information system service due to their higher expectation or more positive perception on it due to variety of information uses and positive judgment on advanced information system. Next, three dimensions of service quality, consisting of interaction, outcome, and physical evidence quality in visitors' library use situations, are hypothesized to affect performance perception on library information system. Thirdly, the performance perception on library information system is hypothesized to influence the system use satisfaction while these two constructs are to affect visitors' overall satisfaction. we develop the following research model in accordance with the above theoretical reasoning. All variables used in this study(General Use Patterns, Professional Use Patterns, Interaction Quality, Outcome Quality, Physical Evidence Quality, Information Performance Perception, Information Use Satisfaction, Overall Satisfaction) were defined operationally based on the underlying prior studies. A survey was conducted with prepared questionnaires to about 400 visitors of a specific university library. Among them, 353 proper questionnaires were finally used for the analyses. Two-step approach was used to test the hypotheses. First, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to guarantee the validity and reliability of variables. The results showed that all variables had not only convergent and discriminant validity, but also reliability. Then, research model was examined with a structural equation using LISREL 8.30 version. The fitness of the research model was found to be within the acceptable level. The findings of this study are as follows. The professional library use pattern was found to affect the users' performance perception on the library information system while the general library use pattern was not. Second, three dimensions of service quality (interaction, outcome, physical evidence) were found to influence the information system performance respectively while none of them was not to information use satisfaction. Third, library users' performance perception on the information system operation was found to affect the information system use satisfaction, both of which also influence users' overall satisfaction of the library. The findings of this study suggest that contemporary libraries strengthen their advanced information system operation in a way of user orientation and more importantly maximize their visitors' utilization of information system, accompanying proper material and various program development. This study conceptualized the new constructs of library users' performance perception on the information system and information use satisfaction which could better explain library users' overall satisfaction. Thus, furture study related with library service could utilize the constructs of information system performance and satisfaction as well as the variety of library use patterns in the users' viewpoints.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumer sensibility according to the arrangement and area-ratio of a stripe, and the necktie width. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and necktie sensibility scales. The stimuli were 27 color pictures, in which the necktie width(narrow, medium, wide), stripe arrangement(horizontal, vertical, oblique), and stripe area-ratio(1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for the consumere sensibility. Data were obtained from 270 men and women in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul, Gwangju, Daegu, Jinju, and Changwon on November 2011. For the data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows.; The factors of consumer sensibility according to the arrangement and area-ratio of a stripe, and the necktie width consisted of five dimensions of attractiveness, grace, individuality, ability, and activity. The necktie width showed an independent effect on attractiveness and grace. The stripe arrangement showed an independent effect on attractiveness, grace, individuality, and ability. The stripe area-ratio showed an independent effect on grace. Also, interaction effects of the necktie width and stripe area-ratio on ability were found. The study results are highly expected to be used as valuable sources in plans for necktie products.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2003

Currently while a phase of the Internet as an advertising media is firm, and Internet advertisement utilization of a company rises, and the consumers contact with various Internet advertisements. A lot of Internet advertisements of various forms made with new technology to develop rapidly are executed and will disappear again. Now, It is necessary to classify various types of the Internal advertisement which was made by a sharp environment change, and was tested of the last ten years and to classify expression techniques systematically. At the same time, we have to check a development direction of domestic Internet advertisement and trend. It is a point of time that Internet advertisement must be designed in a macroscopic dimension like the four medium advertisement by an advertisement strategy and an expression strategy. In this paper, first I classified a type of domestic Internet advertising into marketing, an advertisement purpose, an expression form, manufacture technology, and an express on method systematically in five sides so far And I tried to consider the form and characteristics. By next time, while examine change of internet marketing paradigm, I checked trend of recently domestic Internet advertising in accord to a change of consumer's use tendency and a change of Internet advertisement manufacture technology, and tried to consider the development course in the marketing side, the manufacture technical side, and the creative side. Finally, I wish to propose necessity of expression strategy establishment to promote development of the interactive advertisement technique that considered the creative side in order to raise an effect of Internet advertisement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2001

열CVD법에 의하여 아세틸렌 가스를 탄소 원으로 사용한 탄소 나노튜브의 성장거동을 조사하였다. 닉켈 분말의 직경을 15nm 내지 90nm 범위로 조정하여 기판 에 촉매로 배열하였다. 탄소 나노튜브는 질소, 수소, 알곤, 암모니아 등 여러가지의 가스 분위기에서 증착되었으며 이들 가스의 혼합 분위기가 탄소나 노튜브의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 증착은 대기압 압력하에서 85$0^{\circ}C$ 의 온도에서 이루어졌다. 순수한 질소 분위기에서는 탄소 나노튜브의 성장이 이루어지지 않고 두꺼운 탄소 층이 기판 위에 중착되었다. 이 조건에서는 탄소로 뒤덮혀진 닉켈 입자가 탄소 나노튜브 형성의 촉매 역할을 담당하지 못했다. 그러나 질소와 수소의 혼합분위기에서는 수소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 탄소 나노튜브의 성장이 증진되었다. 순수한 수소 분위기에서는 일정한 방향이 없이 꼬여진 탄소 나노튜브가 성장되었다. 탄소 나노튜브의 성장은 분위기 가스로 암모니아를 사용하였을 때 훨씬 더 증진되었다. 수직으로 배열된 탄소 나노튜료를 암모니아 분위기에서는 성장시킬 수 있었으나 암모니아와 같은 비율의 수소와 질소 가스의 혼합 분위기 하에서 는 탄소 나노튜브의 성장을 얻을 수 없었다. 이러한 결과를 여기에서는 닉켈 촉매의 표면에 과도하게 석출된 탄소의 촉매 passivation으로 설명하였다. 탄소 나노튜브의 증착을 위해서는 아세틸렌 가스의 분해율이 너무 과도하지 않게 즉 촉매의 표면이 과도한 탄소의 증착으로 수동태화 되지않도록 조절되어야 한다는 것이다. 이 연구결과는 분위기 가스의 조성이 탄소 나노튜브의 성장에 있어서 그 반웅 kinetics에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 잘 보여주고 있다. 또한 암모니아 분위기에서는 촉매 닉켈입자 표면에 질화물층이 형성되어 탄소 나노튜브의 성장에 영향을 미쳤다는 것도 알 수 있었다.며 실제 가공업체에서도 터짐 문제가 발견되지 않았다. 결론적으로 표면층의 인장강도가 패션/구부림에 가장 중요한 변수로 작용하며 어떠 한 형태로 표면층의 인장강도를 향상시킬 경우 침엽수 펄프는 재생펄프로 대체가 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.하는 통계기법 중의 하나인 주성분회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주성분 분석은 여러 개의 반응변수에 대하여 얻어진 다변량 자료의 다차원적인 변 수들을 축소, 요약하는 차원의 단순화와 더불어 서로 상관되어있는 반응변수들 상호간 의 복잡한 구조를 분석하는 기법이다. 본 발표에서는 공정 자료를 활용하여 인공신경망 과 주성분분석을 통해 공정 트러블의 발생에 영향 하는 인자들을 보다 현실적으로 추 정하고, 그 대책을 모색함으로써 이를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 소개하고자 한다.금 빛 용사 둥과 같은 표면처리를 할 경우임의 소재 표면에 도금 및 용 사에 용이한 재료를 오버레이용접시킨 후 표면처리를 함으로써 보다 고품질의 표면층을 얻기위한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 국내, 외의 오버레이 용접기술의 적용현황 및 대표적인 적용사례, 오버레이 용접기술 및 용접재료의 개발현황 둥을 중심으로 살펴봄으로서 아직 국내에서는 널리 알려지지 않은 본 기 술의 활용을 넓이고자 한다. within minimum time from beginning of the shutdown.및 12.36%, $101{\sim}200$일의 경우 12.78% 및 12.44%, 201일 이상의 경우 13.17% 및 11.30%로 201일 이상의 유기의 경우에만 대조구와 삭제 구간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 나타내었다.는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수(淡水)에

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

In a performance-based design, the structural safety is estimated from pre-defined damage states and corresponding damage indices. Both damage states and damage indices are well defined for above-ground structures, but very limited studies have been performed on underground structures. In this study, we define the damage states and damage indices of a cut-and-cover box tunnel which is one of typical structures used in metro systems, under a seismic excitation from a series of inelastic frame analyses. Three damage states are defined in terms of the number of plastic hinges that develop within the structure. The damage index is defined as the ratio of the elastic moment to the yield moment. Through use of the proposed index, the inelastic behavior and failure mechanism of box tunnels can be simulated and predicted through elastic analysis. In addition, the damage indices are linked to free-field shear strains. Because the free-field shear strain can be easily calculated from a 1D site response analysis, the proposed method can be readily used in practice. Further studies are needed to determine the range of shear strains and associated uncertainties for various types of tunnels and site profiles. However, the inter-linked platform of damage state - damage index - shear wave velocity - shear strain provides a novel approach for estimating the inelastic response of tunnels, and can be widely used in practice for seismic designs.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-49
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• 2007

Recently, mobile marketing is becoming one of the major topics of interest to the marketing discipline. Emerging from rapid developments in mobile technology, it has created opportunities for new and innovative mobile services. Also, it is enabling to conduct always-on connections that consumers can interact anytime and anywhere. Especially, mobile devices place themselves to the core means of mobile-commerce which to execute a function as a distribution channel in mobile environments. Although the adoption researches about innovative services or technologies had executed in marketing areas over the past decades, most researches just expanded or modified existing theories and explanation models. There has been little study on the comprehensive and systematic review of adoption process. Therefore, it deserves to be considered prior usage experiences of the existing channels(CL) and attractiveness of the new channel(CLalt) based on social exchange theory. In order to address this void, this study unifies components of perceived attributes in the each dimensions (ie. benefit, cost, and risk dimensions) and explores prior usage experiences of the existing channels on adoption intention in electronic financial service channels through developing comprehensive model and employing empirical test for the hierarchy of effects model. Based on these empirical results, this study suggests managerial implications for new channel management in electronic financial service areas by focusing on the prior usage experiences of the existing objects on adoption intention and perceived attributes of ubiquitous-based mobile service channel.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

Busan Metropolitan City, a research site of this study, was promoted to a metropolitan city in 1995 with the implementation of the local autonomy system, and the overall change was made as it absorbed the surrounding areas to address the shortage of population and space. Twenty-five years after the introduction of the local autonomy system, it is necessary to diagnose whether balanced development of the entire city is being made in accordance with the reorganization of the metropolitan city in terms of spatial structure. In this study, changes in spatial structure and regional characteristics were analyzed by applying population potential, which means potential for future spatial interaction, in time and space. According to the analysis, the development was taking place around the center area and the sub-center established by the urban master plan, but Gangseo-gu and Gijang-gun, which were incorporated in the past, remained stagnant. In addition, it was shown that the spatial expansion of the city was suppressed by the green belt surrounding the city. However, in other regions where the green belt is located, the city has been expanded, which is different from Gijang-gun or Gangseo-gu, which was incorporated into the metropolitan city. Therefore, the cause of the decline in incorporated areas should not be limited to the institutional dimension of land use regulation. Growth management and balanced development plans will be necessary for the development of declining old downtowns and underdeveloped incorporated areas.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.411-427
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• 2007

Reliability in tunnel analysis is necessary to accomplish technically sound design and economical construction. For this, a thorough understanding of the construction procedure including the ground-support interaction has to be obtained. This paper describes a proper modelling technique to simulate the behavior of the steel fiber reinforced shotcrete (SFRS) which maintain the supporting capability in post-failure regime. The additional supporting effect of the steel support was also verified by 3-D analyses and a new load distribution factor were proposed. The use of the plastic moment limit (PML) alone can eliminate the occurrence of the awkwardly high tensile stress in the shotcrete and can successfully model the post-peak ductile behavior of the SFRS. But with this method, moment is limited whenever the stress caused by moment reaches tensile strength of the shotcrete irrespective of the stress by axial force. Therefore, it was necessary to find a more comprehensive method which can reflect the influence of the moment and axial force. This can be accomplished by the proper use of "liner element" which is the built-in model in FLAC. In this model, the peak and residual strength as well as the uniaxial compressive strength of the SFRS can be specified. Analyses were conducted with these two models on the 2-lane road tunnels excavated in class IV and V rock mass and results were compared with the conventional elastic beam model. Results showed that both models can reflect the fracture toughness of the SFRS which could not be accomplished by the elastic beam model.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.529-545
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• 2012

Three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses have been performed to study the behaviour of a single pile to open face tunnelling in stiff clay. Several key factors such as tunnelling-induced ground and pile settlement, and shear transfer mechanism have been studied in detail. Tunnelling resulted in the development of pile settlement larger than the Greenfield soil surface settlement. In addition, due to changes in the shear transfer between the pile and the soil next to the pile with tunnel advancement, axial force distributions along the pile change drastically. The apparent allowable pile capacity was reduced up to about 30% due to the development of tunnelling-induced pile head settlement. The skin friction on the pile was increased with tunnel advancement associated with the changes of soil stresses and ground deformation and hence axial pile force distribution was reduced. Maximum tunnelling-induced tensile force on the pile was about 21% of the designed pile capacity. The zone of influence on the pile behaviour in the longitudinal direction may be identified as ${\pm}1$-2D (D: tunnel diameter) from the pile centre (behind and ahead of the pile axis in the longitudinal direction) based on the analysis conditions assumed in the current study. Negative excess pore pressure was mobilised near the pile tip, while positive excess pore pressure was computed at the upper part of the pile. It has been found that the serviceability of a pile experiencing adjacent tunnelling is more affected by pile settlement than axial pile force changes.