• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.341-362
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• 2023

This study analyzed student noticing in a lesson that emphasized relational understanding of equal signs for first graders from four aspects: centers of focus, focusing interactions, mathematical tasks, and nature of the mathematical activity. Specifically, the instructional factors that emphasize the relational understanding of equal signs derived from previous research were applied to a first-grade addition and subtraction unit, and then lessons emphasizing the relational understanding of equal signs were conducted. Students' noticing in this lesson was comprehensively analyzed using the focusing framework proposed in the previous study. The results showed that in real classroom contexts centers of focus is affected by the structure of the equation and the form of the task, teacher-student interactions, and normed practices. In particular, we found specific teacher-student interactions, such as emphasizing the meaning of the equals sign or using examples, that helped students recognize the equals sign relationally. We also found that students' noticing of the equation affects reasoning about equation, such as being able to reason about the equation relationally if they focuse on two quantities of the same size or the relationship between both sides. These findings have implications for teaching methods of equal sign.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.572-575
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• 2011

본 연구는 프랜차이즈 본사의 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 가맹점 순응에 대해 관계교환이론 관점에서 살핀 본사와의 갈등과 본사에 대한 신뢰의 영향관계를 실증 고찰한 연구이다. 연구결과는 본사에 대한 신뢰가 갈등과 순응을 완전매개 함을 보여줌으로써 가맹점 관리를 위한 프랜차이즈 본사의 신뢰 구축 필요성에 힘을 실어주고 있다. 이는 문서상 계약에 미처 명기하지 못한 공백에 대한 관계적 지배를 가능케 할 뿐만 아니라 이해의 불일치와 불공정한 힘의 관계로 인한 갈등을 관리하여 상호 호혜적 관계를 가능케 한다는 점에서 대단히 중요하다. 이와 같은 갈등관리로 인한 신뢰의 구축 그리고 가맹점 순응으로 이어지는 관계의 메커니즘을 이론적 논의와 실증분석을 통해 국내 처음으로 규명했다는 점에서 본 연구는 이론적 실무적 공헌이 크다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.416-424
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of learning motivation on interaction in online collaborative learning. The study subjects are 79 university students who take courses in teaching. Learning motivations measured the intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, tasks value, control of learning beliefs, test anxiety, self-efficacy, goal orientation by MSLQ. Next, the level of interaction was measured by online collaborative tasks. The group for online cooperation tasks consisted of four to five people and random assignment. The level of interaction was used frequency and score that quantitative Value assess. The collected data were analysed using multiple regression analysis(stepwise). As a result, self-efficacy and extrinsic goal orientation, tasks value, mastery goal orientation were positive effect on frequency and score. next, test anxiety and performance avoid goal orientation were negative effect on frequency and score.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.255-281
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship among self-directed learning ability, learner-instructor interaction, learner-learner interaction, and class satisfaction in online learning environments by the structural equation modelling (SEM). Participants of the study consisted of 300 students (110 = high school students, 190 = college students). Through latent mean analysis (LMA), there was no significant difference of study variables between high school and college groups. However, thorough multi-group analysis, self-directed learning ability had a direct and indirect effect on class satisfaction for the college group via learner-instructor and learner-learner interactions, while learner-learner interaction played a full mediating role of the relationship between self-directed learning ability and class satisfaction for the high school group. In addition, self-directed learning ability had a stronger influence on learner-learner interaction for the college group than the high school group. These results would provide important implications for understanding the different mechanisms between high school and college online learning contexts.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

Satisfactory e-learning experience of working part-time adult students is a truly dynamic and multidimensional process that reflects learning needs and abilities. Special attention is given to understanding the role of student-to-faculty interaction, student-to-student interaction, e-learning content and course structure, flow, periodic off-line class meetings and synchronous Q&A sessions. Survey questions were developed and distributed to adult graduate students. Some of them were asked to complete the questions with the most interesting subjects or classes in their mind, and others with the most difficult subjects in their mind. The structural model for each group was tested. The values of path coefficients corresponding to the group with the difficult subjects turn out to be higher for the following paths; a) interaction among professors and students and satisfaction, b) contents quality and flow, c) Q&A and interaction among professors and students, d) Q&A and interaction among students. For the other paths such as interaction among students and satisfaction, contents structure and flow, the coefficient values corresponding to the group with the interesting subjects are higher. Some implications for e-learning design were provided as well.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.13-22
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of child interaction, marital conflict and social support on the career-interrupted women's parenting stress and to investigate the mediating effects of marital conflict between child interaction and parenting stress. The data of 8th Panel Study on Korean Children was used for this, and it was conducted descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis on the data of 868 career-interrupted women. According to the analysis, the factors affecting career-interrupted women's parenting stress are the child interaction, marital conflict, and social support, and it showed 32.3% of explanatory power and the influence of marital conflict was the highest. It was also found that marital conflicts were partially mediated in the relation with the child interaction and parenting stress. Based on this, this study suggests the policy and practical measures to prevent and reduce their parenting stress in view of supporting the career-interrupted women's reentry of labor market in the era of work-family balance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.475-486
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• 2020

This study aims to discover the mediating effect of Self-Encouragement and Self-Discouragement on the Relationships between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Interaction Anxiety. A questionnaire was conducted on 319 university students and the data was analyzed with Pearson's correlation and regression. As a result, there was a positive correlation between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Interaction Anxiety. Also, Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Interaction Anxiety were positively correlated with Self-Discouragement and negatively correlated with Self-Encouragement. Next, multiple regression showed that Self-Discouragement has a perfect mediating effect and Self-Encouragement has a partial mediating effect on the Relationship between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Interaction Anxiety. These results imply that counselee with Social Interaction Anxiety can be treated effectively by promoting self-encouragement.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.634-657
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• 2016

This study analyzes relationship between utilizing patents and trade secrets of firms empirically by using Koran Innovation Survey data. A number of prior theoretical studies have been discussed by assuming the patents and trade secrets used as alternative mutual relations. However, the use of patents and trade secrets can be used as a complementary and alternative methods generally based on a variety of firm and innovation characteristics. In this study, after controlling for nature of businesses, industry and innovation, the relationships between patent and trade secrets were analyzed by using 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 cross-sectional data. Prior to 2010, the relationship of patents and trade secrets was used as a complementary, while the result of 2014 showed that patents and trade secrets were utilized by firms independently. However, because we couldn't completely rule out the possibility that this result is caused by the difference between surveys, we performed a additional analysis. In conclusion, the independent relationship between patents and trade secrets may be caused by the increased number of patent applications and preference for the patent by firms since 2010.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.577-597
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• 2013

It has been known that it shows the negative correlation between social comparison and happiness. Nevertheless, the correlation depends on self-concept and motivation of comparison which a person take. Current study examined the effect of cultural self-concept (interdependent self, subjective-objective self) on social comparison and happiness (subjective well-being and psychological well-being), Total 2000 among 30-69 years old respondents participated in this survey. We found that, first, people with high interdependent self feel less happiness as they take more social comparison, but the people with low interdependent self do not show the relational pattern. Second, people with objective self show the negative correlation with happiness and social comparison, but there is no correlation with happiness and social comparison among people with subjective self. The implication for study were discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-104
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• 2007

The basic purpose of this study is to investigate service quality and relationship quality affecting the result of long-term relationship between service buyers and suppliers. This research presented a constructive model(service quality${\rightarrow}$relationship quality${\rightarrow}$customer's revisiting intention) and then propose the research model base on prior researches and studies about relationships among components of service. Data were gathered from respondents who visit traditional markets. For this study, data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS 5.0. Data were gathered from 209 respondents in the Korean traditional market. This research proposed 6 hypotheses on 5 latent variables and tested through structural equation modeling. 5 alternative measurements were compared through statistical significance test of the paths of research model and the overall fitting level of structural equation model. and the result was successful. The results of the study indicate that service quality is properly modeled as an antecedent of relationship quality and revisiting intentions. We also discussed managerial implications of the study and its limitations.