• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.718-724
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• 2008

Tooth impaction is a frequently observed eruption anomaly in pediatric dental practice. Young patients with impacted or unerupted teeth have more prediction for dentigerous cyst formation. Dentigerous cyst presents radiographic features, unilocular or multilocular radioluscency. Cysts occur most frequently in the premolar region except third molar. Dentigerous cysts can grow to a considerable size, and large cysts may be associated with a painless expansion of the bone in the involved area. Extensive lesions may result in facial asymmetry, osseous destruction, root resorption of proximal teeth and displacement of associated tooth. The nature of the causative tooth influences the type of surgical treatment required for the dentigerous cyst. If the cyst is associated with a supernumerary or wisdom tooth, complete enucleation of the cyst along with extraction of tooth may be the first treatment choice. Otherwise, preservation of the associated teeth should be considered to prevent a young patient from psychological and mental trauma because of the loss of tooth. We should consider the degree of tooth displacement, osseous destruction and growth pattern of oromaxillofacial area when planning treatment. Thus a proper and logical treatment planning can help a proper growth and development of oromaxillofacial area and can save the patient from a psychological and mental trauma. This report describes 4 cases of the management of impacted premolars and molars associated with dentigerous cysts in children.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.3 s.104
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• pp.269-277
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• 2004

A modified removable appliance for molar distalization called C-activator was used in a 10-year old male patient with a Class II anterior deep bite malocclusion with upper arch discrepancy. The treatment plan involved correcting the Class ll relationship, distalizing both upper first molars, and regaining space for the erupting canines. The C-activator, which was used for 6 months, consisted of a labial framework formed from .036-in stainless steel wire and an acrylic monobloc. Both the closed helices of the labial framework were compressed for reactivation during the C-activator treatment period. C-activator mechanics simultaneously achieved distalization of the upper first molars into their proper positions and repositioning of the mandible. After 21 months of treatment, the correct oberbite and overjet was obtained and contributed to an Improvement in facial balance. The treatment results were stable 6 months after debonding. Fabrication and placement of the new appliance and clinical procedures are detailed, and the treatment sequence and results of this case are presented as follows.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.635-645
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• 1999

The present study examines the effects of orthodontic treatment of surgically exposed impacted upper canines or ectopically erupted upper canines to periodontal condition and whether various opening procedures have significant difference in postoperative periodontal status. The subjects included 23 orthodontic patients(7 men, 16 women) with unilateral upper canine impaction treated either with closed eruption technique(group I), with apically positioned flap procedure (group II), and those with canines ectopically erupted through keratinized gingiva (group III). In each subject, the ectopic canine was orthodontically aligned, and changes in periodontal tissue were assessed by measuring keratinized gingival width, attached gingival width, probing depth and bone probing depth. In all three groups, the width of keratinized gingiva was preserved while showed no signs of detrimental periodontal condition such as gingival recession. In all three groups, no significant difference in periodontal pocket depth from control was observed. The width of attached gingiva was significantly greater in patients treated with apically positioned flap procedure(group II) than in patients on other groups.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2000

A 35-year-old man was referred to the department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery of Chonnam university hospital for the chief complaint of asymptomatic swelling on the buccal vestibule of upper right canine area. Radiographs revealed that the upper right canine was impacted and there was a well-circumscribed pericoronal radiolucency related with the canine. Multiple radiopaque foci were scattered in the radiolucent lesion, and the roots of the lateral incisor and the first premolar related to the lesion showed external resorption. The radiographic features of this lesion were typical of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, but considering the gender and age of the patient, the tentative diagnosis was made as calcifying odontogenic cyst. Microscopically this lesion was diagnosed as calcifying odontogenic cyst. Because calcifying odontogenic cyst has no pathognomonic feature of radiographs, to consider radiographic features with clinical findings is necessary in order to establish more correct diagnosis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 1992

To predict eruptive path of maxillary canine, 13 male and 11 female malocclusions were longitudinally studied for 4 years. And to study frequency and distribution of impaction of maxillary canine, 1500 malocclusions were studied. The path, velocity and duration of maxillary canine eruption were determined by periodic angular and linear measurement using periodic orthopantomograms and cephalograms. The following results were obtained. 1. Maxillary canine was erupted with $14.5^{\circ}$ distal tipping from initial stage $98.1^{\circ}$ to final stage $83.6^{\circ}$ of axial inclination on orthopantomogram. 2. Eruptive velocity of maxillary canine was fastest on stage 4, and mean eruptive velocity was 10.5mm per year on stage 4. 3. Eruption of maxillary canine was completed 12 year 5 months in male and 11 years 8 months in female. 4. To predict the duration for eruption completion by position of maxillary canine on cephalogram, regression equation was obtained. 5. Frequency of impaction of maxillary canine was 1.47% in malocclusion and more frequent in male. Distribution of buccal and palatal, right and left impaction was no different, but unilateral impaction was more frequent.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-121
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• 2012

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease known as trisomy 21. Congenital cardiac anomalies are present in about 40% of DS patients. Dental anomalies are also common among DS patients. In DS patients, canine impaction is 10 times more frequent and transposition of maxillary canine and first premolar is 50 times more common than in general population. A female DS patient with congenital heart disease was diagnosed as having a transposed impacted maxillary canine. Sectional fixed appliance with Nance holding arch was used for the orthodontic treatment. After space was regained for the eruption of the canine, orthodontic button was attached using flap operation with closed technique. Traction and alignment of the tooth followed. To prevent endocarditis, prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed for the recommended dental procedures. Total treatment time was 25 months and no complication was found.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2010

Anchorage control in orthodontic treatment is an important factor affecting treatment results. In the conventional approach, intra-oral anchorage such as application of differential force and moment, Nance holding arch and lingual arch, as well as extra-oral anchorage such as head gear were used for anchorage reinforcement. However, these anchorages may result in undesired tooth movement and require patient cooperation. To overcome these disadvantages, skeletal anchorage system was introduced as orthodontic anchorage. Types of skeletal anchorage include implant, onplant, miniplate and miniscrew. Especially, miniscrew has many advantages such as reduced patient cooperation, low cost and easy placement. Recently, it is successfully used in orthodontic treatment. This cases were treated using orthodontic miniscrews for retraction of ectopically erupting maxillary canine and impacted mandibular canine and intrusion of maxillary incisors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2020

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare benign odontogenic jaw lesion. It usually occurs in the anterior maxilla and is mostly related to impacted canines in teenagers. A 3-year-old girl was referred from a local dental clinic due to delayed eruption of the right primary mandibular 2nd molar. There was no history of pain or swelling. Radiography revealed a large radiolucency lesion with radiopacities around the unerupted right primary mandibular 2nd molar. Surgical enucleation with extraction of the right primary mandibular 2nd molar and surgical biopsy were performed. Based on the clinical and radiological findings, this lesion was defined as an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma which often develops in the mandible of adolescents. However, this lesion was diagnosed as AOT from the results of the histological examination. This report aimed to present a rare case of AOT in the posterior mandibular area in a very young patient.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.165-177
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• 1993

Upper canine is important because it protects and maintains the stability of the dental arch and also, joins the anterior with the posterior teeth. The incidence of impaction of upper canine is the second most frequent next to the third molar because it takes a long period of time to develop, and has a complicated path of eruption, and erupts lately. After the age of 10, clinical and radioglaphic examination can be used in revealing the possibility of impaction and efforts should be put to reduce the side effects. To prevent impaction, selective extraction of primary canine at the age of 8 to 9 could be considered and prolonged retention of primary canine in oral cavity should be avoided at this time. Once the impaction is iden, the first stage of the treatment is to lcocalize the lesion by radiographic examination and According to the severity, orthodontic traction or autotransplantation should be considered and comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan of malocclusion should be established. Generally, labial impaction is due to arch length discrepancy and palatal impaction is due to malposition or morphologic pathosis of lateral incisors rather than arch length discrepancy. In surgical procedure, peridontal problems should be considered and the minimum amount of bone and soft tissue should be reduced and direct bonding method of many attachment methods should be recommended. Especially in traction of labially impacted canine, it should be guided to erupt through the keratinized zone and proper forced magnitude should be applied. The importance of periodontal condition should always be in mind following the patient education to mintain the good oral hygiene at each stage of treatment. Properly managed impacted canine can provide function and esthetic by proper diagnosis and treatment if extraction of canine is not indicated.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2011

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor(AOT) is an infrequent odontogenic tumor which arise in the jaw. It was considered as a variant of ameloblastoma. The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is clearly benign and, in contrast to the ameloblastoma, present a very low recurrence. It most often appears in the canine region of the maxilla. The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is frequently asymptomatic, however it may cause painless swelling. The radiological findings of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor frequently share characteristics of dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma. Conservative surgical enucleation and curettage are the treatment of choice. In this case a 10-year-old child was presented with mandibular right lateral incisor in unerupted. Radiographically, the tooth was impacted and a radiolucency was seen in the area. The lesion was enuclated without extraction of the tooth. Bracket was attached on the tooth for orthodontic extrusion installed. Histopathologically adenomatoid odontogenic tumor was revealed.