• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to develop biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis. To develop the biomass allometric equation by species and tree component, data for Pinus densiflora in central region is collected to 30 plots (70 trees) and for Quercus variabilis is collected to 15 plots (32 trees). This study is used two independent values; (1) one based on diameter beast height, (2) the other, diameter beast height and height. And the equation forms were divided into exponential, logarithmic, and quadratic functions. The validation of biomass allometric equations were fitness index, standard error of estimate, and bias. From these methods, the most appropriate equations in estimating total tree biomass for each species are as follows: $W=aD^b$, $W=aD^bH^c$; fitness index were 0.937, 0.943 for Pinus densiflora in central region stands, and $W=a+bD+cD^2$, $W=aD^bH^c$; fitness index were 0.865, 0.874 for Quercus variabilis stands. in addition, the best performance of biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region is $W=aD^b$, and Quercus variabilis is $W=a+bD+cD^2$. The results of this study could be useful to overcome the disadvantage of existing the biomass allometric equation and calculate reliable carbon stocks for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2023

Using the logarithmic methods and the generalized method of moments (GMM), this study developed carbon storage equations for maple trees (Acer palmatum Thunb.) planted in an urban settlement area. A total of 20 maple trees of various ages and diameters were destructively harvested to determine their dry weight and carbon concentration by component. The allometric equations with DBH and DBH²×H as independent variables were developed to estimate the carbon storage for each tree component. The carbon concentration of tree components was the highest in stem wood (49.8%) and lowest in stem bark (46.5%). Allometric equations to estimate the carbon storage of tree components (stem, root, aboveground, and total) showed a similar coefficient of determinations (R²) between the allometric equations of the logarithmic method (0.7494-0.9036) and the GMM (0.7085-0.8847). However, the R² values of the leaves and branches were in the range of 0.3027 to 0.6380, lower than those of the R² of the other tree components. These results indicate that the carbon storage of maple trees growing in urban settlement areas can be efficiently predicted from the equations of GMM methods in the case of a small sample size or the heteroscedasticity of logarithmic equations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate stand density-specific and generalized allometric equations, and biomass expansion factors (BEFs) for two stand densities (high density of 47-year-old: $667tree{\cdot}ha^{-1}$; low density of 49-year-old: $267tree{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) of Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Namhae-gun, located in the southern Korea. Biomass in each tree component, i.e. foliage, branch, and stem, was quantified by destructive tree harvesting. Allometric regression equations of each tree component were significant (P<0.05) with diameter at breast height (DBH) accounting for 80-96% of the variation except for branch biomass in high density or foliage and cone biomass in low density. Generalized allometric equations can be used to estimate the biomass of C. japonica plantations because the slopes of allometric equations were not significantly different by the stand density. The biomass expansion factors (BEFs) were significantly lower in the high stand density (1.33) than in the low stand density (1.50). The results indicate that BEFs were affected by different stand density, while allometric equations were little related to the stand density.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2014

This study developed allometry equation and estimated the aboveground-biomass of Quercus glauca, a warm-temperature, evergreen broad-leaved tree, growing in Kotzawal wetland located on Jeju Island. The allometric equations between DBH(diameter at breast height) and dry weights of stems (Ws), branches (Wb), leaves (Wl) and aboveground biomass (Wab) of Q. glauca were as follows: logWs=2.4042logDBH-1.3045, logWb=2.6436logDBH-1.6232, logWl =1.5428logDBH-1.3692 and logWab=2.3324logDBH-0.9181. The allometric equations between $D^2H$ and Ws, Wb, Wl, and Wab of Q.glauca were as follows : logWs=$0.853logD^2H-1.4252$, logWb=$0.8453logD^2H-1.5834$, logWl=$0.5328logD^2H-1.4073$ and logWab=$0.8453logD^2H-1.0327$. The $R^2$ between DBH and Ws, Wb, Wl and Wab were 0.9873, 0.9711, 0.7979 and 0.993, respectively. The $R^2$ between $D^2H$ and Ws,Wb,Wl and Wab were 0.9841, 0.9174, 0.7537 and 0.9876, respectively. There was no significant difference between observed and calculated values of the allomatric equations from DBH and $D^2H$(p>0.05, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Thus, to estimate the aboveground biomass of Q. glauca, use of DBH and $D^2H$ as an independent variables in the allometric equation is recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.543-549
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate age-specific and generalized allometric equations and biomass expansion factors (BEFs) for each tree component across three age-sequence stands (35-year-old, 51-year-old, 62-year-old) of black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) in Jinju, located in the western part of Gyeongnam province, Korea. Biomass in each tree component, i.e. foliage, branch, and stem, was quantified by destructive tree harvesting. Allometric regression equations were significant (P<0.05) with diameter at breast height (DBH) or combination of DBH and height ($DBH^2H$) accounting for 55-98% of the variation (as indicated by coefficients of determination, $R^2$) in aboveground biomass except for foliage biomass of the 62-year-old stand. Generalized allometric equations can be used to estimate the biomass of black pine stands because the slopes of age-specific equations over 35-year-old stands were not significantly different by the age-sequence. The stem density and biomass expansion factor (BEFs) were not significantly different (P>0.05) from different stand ages and ranged from 0.45 to $0.51gcm^{-3}$, and from 1.32 to 1.38, respectively. The results indicate that allometric equations, stem density and aboveground BEFs in the matured black pine over 35-year-old are little influenced by different stand ages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop allometric equations for identifying the amount of wood and building biomass statistics of L. tulipifera by density, biomass expansion factors and root ratio. For this purpose, total of 40 trees were sampled, which were used consideration the area and the DBH class. As a results, the wood density was $0.43g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$, biomass expansion factors were 1.2, root ratio was 0.2 and uncertainty were 3.9%, 4.6%, 24.1%, respectively. Allometric equations for above ground of L. tulipifera trees were $W=0.060D^{2.524}$. Total and underground allometric equations were $W=0.063D^{2.578}$, $W=0.010D^{2.591}$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.502-510
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• 2022

In the national greenhouse gas inventory, a settlements category has never been included owing to the lack of activity data. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain basic data for estimating biomass carbon storage in settlements. Nondestructive stem analysis with a laser dendrometer was performed on four major street tree species (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Prunus armeniaca, Ginkgo biloba, and Acer buergerianum) in Wonju city, South Korea. Allometric equations of the aboveground volume were developed using five models, and allometric equations of crown area were developed with diameter at breast height (DBH) as an independent variable. The best performing allometric equations were aD²+bD+c for M.glyptostroboides and G. biloba, aD+bD² for P. armeniaca, and a+bD² for A. buergerianum. Regarding the allometric equations of crown area with DBH as an independent variable, G. biloba and A. buergerianum exhibited low coefficients of determination (R²), i.e., < 0.364, whereas M. glyptostroboides and P. armeniaca exhibited satisfactory R² values, i.e., > 0.767, probably due to different street tree management practices. The allometricequations in this study will support the carbon inventory of settlements and urban tree monitoring in management practices.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

The objective of this paper is to develop volume equation of street tree and its carbon stock for urban forest in Seoul. To develop the volume equation by major species in Seoul, data for street trees were obtained from four-species (e.g. Gingko biloba, Platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides), which accounted for 79% all street trees in Seoul. This study used a variable based on diameter on breast height and four equation for calculating volume. The coefficient of determination, bias, and root mean square error were used to evaluate the precision of four equations. From these methods, the most suitable equations for Platanus occidentalis was aDb, the other was aD+bD2; coefficient of determination upper on 0.873. From the volume equation developed in this research, the estimated carbon stock were derived as about 33,760tC for four-species of urban forest in Seoul. The results of this paper offered volume equation and carbon stock that present growth information for street trees in urban forestry and these can be made available for evaluating the management for carbon in settlement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine fertilization effects on allometric equations and biomass production in a Moso bamboo (Phllostachys pubescens) stand of the Gajwa National Experimental Forests, Jinju, Korea. The study site was fertilized for approximately 30 years to produce edible bamboo shoots. Total 20 bamboos (10 fertilized and 10 unfertilized) were cut to develop allometric equations and to estimate biomass accumulation of each bamboo component. Allometric equations of each bamboo component in the fertilized and unfertilized plots were significant (P < 0.05) with diameter at 20 cm from ground ($D_{20}$), diameter at breast height (DBH), culm height (H), and $DBH^2{\cdot}H$. Aboveground biomass estimated by the allometric equations (DBH) was significantly higher in the unfertilized plots ($106.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$) in culm density of $6,833culm\;ha^{-1}$ than in the fertilized ($57.68Mg\;ha^{-1}$) plots in culm density of $4,633culm\;ha^{-1}$. The proportion of each biomass component was culm (79%), followed by branches (14%) and leaf (7%) in the fertilized plots, whereas it was culm (81%), followed by branches (13%), and leaf (6%) in the unfertilized plots. The results indicate that aboveground biomass accumulation in a Phllostachys pubescens stand was little affected by fertilizer application because of the difference of culm density.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

Willow plants are representative biomaterials used in river restoration and main target trees in stream managements. In order to understand the changes in the growth of Salix subfragilis and S. chaenomeloides with their stand ages, we investigated the density, height and basal area of stems and biomass at their different aged stands of the riparian zone of the sand-bed stream, the Nakdong River, Korea. We also developed allometric equations for estimating the biomass of these two species by establishing the relationship between diameter at breadth height and tree height with above-ground biomass. The stem density showed a sharp decrease for 3 years after germination for S. subfragilis and 6 years for S. chaenomeloides, resulting in strong self-thinning. The stem height of the two species increased to 7.5 m in 15 years for S. subfragilis, and to 14 m in 13 years for S. chaenomeloides. Aboveground biomass also increased rapidly at the early stage of growth. The biomass increased to 17 ton DM/ha in 13 years for S. subfragilis and to 1,110 ton DM / ha in 13 years for S. chaenomeloides. It is expected that the allometric equations of two Salix species derived from this study will be applied to the objectively estimating the biomass of willow plants for the management of floodplain trees in streams.