• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

Korea is formed a mountainous district at 70% of country. Damages are occurred by landslide. It is increased annually by industrial development and extension of urban area. Serious damages occurred in Kangreng area of Gangwondo by typoon Rusa in August, 2002. Landslide hazard mapping needs to forecast and to manage landslide hazard area. GIS fits landslide hazard mapping, to reduce of time, manpower and costs, to investigate a board area, to do a spatial forecast model in study site. Variety of methods is for landslide hazard mapping. A study use root strength reinforcement model. This model use factors such as topography of slope, soil depth, soil properties, and vegetation of slope. Landslide hazard map is made by this model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.217-229
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hydrologic changes and the effect of runoff characteristics of a large river basin due to construction of a dam. The changes of land use and vegetation are quantified from remote sensing film taken before and after dam construction. Evapotranspiration, runoff and soil moisture were calculated using water balance equation. It was found that the albedo of watershed upstream of the dam is decreasing due to the decreasing of vegetation and the increasing of water surface and forest, and the increasing of potential evpotranspiration and soil moisture led to increasing actual evpotranspiration and runoff ratio after dam construction.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 2002

To investigate the forest structure and to suggest the basic data of forest in the Cheongoksan and near the ridge area, the Baekdudaegan, thirty-five plots were set up and surveyed. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN, the community was divined by four groups of Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla(I). Q. mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum(II). Q. mongolica-Tripterygium regelii(III), and Q. mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community(IV). The structure of communities were investigated using importance value by layer. The survey results were summarized as follows:1) the results of annual ring analysis revealed that the age of forest in the Cheongoksan was about 30~150 years old, 2) number of the average species was 6.5$\pm$1.8 and number of average individuals was 68.3$\pm$39.9 per a plot(100$m^2$). From the above results, it was anticipated that Q. mongolica stand will be old-growth forest because they do not have competitor species and a specific ridge environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1990

To investigate the structure of the pine forest community and the conservation of pine forest in Mt. Sokri, twenty plots of 500$m^2$ size set up by the clumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on environmental variables. The plant community was not classified into several groups by above methods in this study area. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from Pinus densiflora through Quercus serrata, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Q. aliena, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus sargentii to Carpinus laxiflora, C. cordata in the canopy layer. and from Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba through Styrax obassia, Acer pseudosieboldiana, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa to L. erythrocarpa, Viburnum erosum in the understory layer. Pinus densiflora community shall be conserved by the disclimax method, i. e. the broadleaf vegetation in the underlayer of the pine community should be cleared out.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.160-168
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• 1996

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Turobong-Sangwangbong area in Odaesan, 19 plots(10*10m) were set up with random sampling method. Several characteristics - needle injury, rate of fallen needle, stem injury, shoot and twig, apical dominance, tree form- of Abies nephrolepis and Tavus cuspidata were investigated with checklist. Two groups(Taxus cuspidata community and Quercus mongolica-Betula ermanii community) were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were prover between Taxus cuspidata and Tripterygium regelii, Sorbus commixta; Quercus mongolica and Euonymus sieboldianus. High negative correlations were proved between Taxus cuspidata and Abies nephrolepis, Quercus mongolica and Betula ermanii; Abies nephrolepis and Trioterygum regelii. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was 0.9608-1.24990. Mean score of Abies nephrolepis was calculated at 6.1 point and ratio of dead individuals was 10.9%. Mean score of Taxus cuspidata was calculated at 17.3 point. Injury of Taxus cuspieata was classified three types, such as branch dieback, wound cavity on the stem and crooked stem.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.98-109
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• 2002

The long term land-cover changes and the pattern of morphological changes in foredune ridges and unvegetated dunes were investigated for about 30 years through analysing aerial photographs in Shinduri coastal dunefield, Korea. As a result, forested dune area increased while unvegetated dune area decreased continuously since 1967. Foredune ridges retreated landward about 80m away from the former coast-line in the middle part while they advanced seaward after construction of dike in the northern part during last 3 decades. Unvegetated dunes in the middle part of the dunefield were eroded at seaward side and moved landward away. These facts mean not only coastal dune area has been affected by man-made effects such as afforestation and coastal developments but also shinduri coastal dune area has been stabilized by plants and has been negative sediment budget.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1990

To investigate and analyze the change of the vegetation community structure between the severely damaged time (in 1980) and the restored time (in 1987) by the pine gall midge. Thecodoplosis japonensis, four plots with five subplots were sampled at Gwangju-gun of Kyongki-do. The total number of woody species per $500m^2$ changed 39 in 1980 to 41 in 1987. According to the damage restoring, the importance value of the genus Quercus as substituting in the severely damaged forest showed a slight decrease but the importance value of Carpinus laxiflora, Sorbus alnifolia and Styrax obassia increased. As to changes of the vegetation community structure for seven years, the diversity of vegetation structure has increased. The similarity indices between 1980 and 1987 were 52.9% and 51.9% in the understory and shrub stratum, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 1992

A survey of Orimok, Yongsil and Donnaeko area forest in Mt. Halla. was conducted using 71 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. In the analysis of -actual vegetation, Carpinus tschonoskii and C. laxiflora community covered 53.7%, Quercus grosseserrata - Q. serrata community 25.8%, Pinus densiflora community 8.3%, Abies koreana community 4.5% and these communities covered 92.2% of Mt. Halla forest. The degree of 8, 9 and 10 in human disturbance of vegetation covered 64.5, 28.6 and 6.9% respectively. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By two techniques, the plant community were divided into several groups by the aspect and altitude. The dividing groups are C. tschonoskii community, C. tschonoskii - Q. serrata community, P. densiflora - C. tschonoskii community, P. densiflora - C. laxiflora community, C. laxiflora community, C. laxifrora - Daphniphyllum macropodum - Eurya japonica community, P. densiflora community. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from P. densiflora. Sorbus alnifolia through Q. serrata. Maackia faurier to C. tsihonoskii in Orimok and Yongsil area and from P. densifiora to C. laxiflora in Donnaeko area. There was no difference between the stand scores of. DCA and environmental variables.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.118-134
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigated the plant community structure and to revaluate the part of plant ecosystem on statement of environmental impact assessment in Muju resort golf course, Solch'on area, Tokyusan National Park. The actual vegetation was comprised of Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica-Q. serrata community(33.21%), Q. spp. community(27.30%), P. densiflora community(20.68%) and high mountain marsh(4.93%) etc., which communities were the major vegetation and the forest vegetation was came to being a peculiar to environmental condition. The degree of green naturality 8, 9 was covered 93% in survey area, and so this result reflect the stability of ecosystem. There was all the difference between the statement of environmental impact assessment of development concerned and this study result in the estimation of degree of green naturality. The plant community were divided into six groups in fifty-four plots by DCA and the dividing groups were P. densiflora, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica, P. densiflora-Q. serrata-F. mandschurica-B. davurica, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata-P. densiflora, Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis, Salix koreansis- B. davurica community. Except P. densiflora forest in survey site, the ecological succession trend of the other communities was seemed to be from P. densiflora to Q. spp.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.562-572
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• 2011

This study is to examine the environmental characteristics of subpopulations of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max. distributed in the east-west slopes of Mt. Halla National Park based on analyzing the factors of environment, vegetation and soil. The result of the TWINSAPN analysis conducted on 56 study plots between the altitudes of 500 m and 1600 m of east-west slopes of Mt. Halla National Park can be divided into five communities-Prunus maximowiczii Rupr., Manshurian fullmoon Maple, Carpinus tschonoskii Max., Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray and Pinus thunbergil Parl. Among these communities, the plot with high importance percentage of the subpopulation of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max., is the Carpinus tschonoskii Max.-Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. included in the altitude of 600m~1200m radius. The dominant species of the upper shrub layer was Carpinus tschonoskii Max.(I.P.: 29.82%) while the dominant species of the canopy layer was Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.(I.P.: 26.76%). For the understory layer the dominant species was Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max.. Species diversity index was on the low end with 0.7424, indicating the stably formed climax community of Carpinus tschonoskii Max.. The analysis of soil properties showed high concentrations of organic matters, available phosphate and Ca, Mg, the high importance percentage of the of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max. is found in altitude of 600m~800m on the eastern slope and the altitude of 800m~1,000m radius on the west slope. This region is included in the southern part of the cold/hot forest zone, its high importance percentage of Carpinus tschonoskii Max. and low in the species diversity index of 0.7424, and has formed stable climax community of Carpinus tschonoskii Max. in Mt. Halla.