• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2020

This study was performed to support the 6th forest basic planning by Korea Forest Service as predicting the change of forestland area by the transition of land use type in the future over 35 years in South Korea. It is very important to analyze upcoming forestland area change for future forest planning because forestland plays a basic role to predict forest resources change for afforestation, production and management in the future. Therefore, the transitional interaction between land use types in future of South Korea was predicted in this study using econometrical models based on past trend data of land use type and related variables. The econometrical model based on maximum discounted profits theory for land use type determination was used to estimate total quantitative change by forestland, agricultural land and urban area at national scale using explanatory variables such as forestry value added, agricultural income and population during over 46 years. In result, it was analyzed that forestland area would decrease continuously at approximately 29,000 ha by 2027 while urban area increases in South Korea. However, it was predicted that the forestland area would be started to increase gradually at 170,000 ha by 2050 because urban area was reduced according to population decrement from 2032 in South Korea. We could find out that the increment of forestland would be attributed to social problems such as urban hollowing and localities extinction phenomenon by steep decrement of population from 2032. The decrement and increment of forestland by unbalanced population immigration to major cities and migration to localities might cause many social and economic problems against national sustainable development, so that future strategies and policies for forestland should be established considering such future change trends of land use type for balanced development and reasonable forestland use and conservation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2010

Complex terrain refers to irregular surface properties of the earth that influence gradients in climate, lateral transfer of materials, landscape distribution in soils properties, habitat selection of organisms, and via human preferences, the patterning in development of land use. Complex terrain of mountainous areas represents ca. 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface; and such regions provide fresh water to at least half of humankind. Most major river systems originate in such terrain, and their resources are often associated with socio-economic competition and political disputes. The goals of the TERRECO-IRTG focus on building a bridge between ecosystem understanding in complex terrain and spatial assessments of ecosystem performance with respect to derived ecosystem services. More specifically, a coordinated assessment framework will be developed from landscape to regional scale applications to quantify trade-offs and will be applied to determine how shifts in climate and land use in complex terrain influence naturally derived ecosystem services. Within the scope of TERRECO, the abiotic and biotic studies of water yield and quality, production and biodiversity, soil processing of materials and trace gas emissions in complex terrain are merged. There is a need to quantitatively understand 1) the ecosystem services derived in regions of complex terrain, 2) the process regulation occurred to maintain those services, and 3) the sensitivities defining thresholds critical in stability of these systems. The TERRECO-IRTG is dedicated to joint study of ecosystems in complex terrain from landscape to regional scales. Our objectives are to reveal the spatial patterns in driving variables of essential ecosystem processes involved in ecosystem services of complex terrain region and hence, to evaluate the resulting ecosystem services, and further to provide new tools for understanding and managing such areas.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.201-215
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• 2023

In the stone-lined tombs from Cheongyang Rokpyeong-ri site, several stone-lined tombs corresponding to the Three Kingdoms Period, Unified Silla Period and Goryeo Dynasty were excavated. In this study, the stone properties of petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics from 15 stone-lined tombs were analyzed, the rock species and occupation rate were reviewed, also the provenance area was interpreted. There are five types of rocks used as members of the tombs, including black sandstone, greywacke, slate, conglomerate and gneiss. As a result of magnetic susceptibilities, the rocks of the tombs and presumed provenance are all shown in the same range, and the similarity between the tombs and the source area is high in geochemical behavior characteristics. The stone properties of the tombs are the same as the presumed provenance rocks and is distributed within a 500m around the bedrock of the tombs in the excavation site, so it seems that self-sufficiency was possible on the site without a special procurement system. These stones are interpreted to have been constructed through some trimming without any special technique, but some stone tombs have been confirmed to used homogeneous black sandstone at the bottom of the tombs, so it is believed that there were artificial selection of stones.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 1992

지난 20년간 방목 초지관리에 관해 국내 대학과 연구기관에서 발표된 성적을 간략히 고찰해 보는 것은 지금까지의 시험연구를 종합정리하고 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시하는데 나름대로 커다란 의미를 부여할 수 있을 것이다. 채초관리에 있어서는 그간 괄목할만한 성과가 거양되었으나 방목관리분야에 관한 시험연구는 전반적인 체계없이 단편적인 결과보고에 치우친 감이 많다. 초지의 방목관리와 관련되어 발표된 주요 연구로는 예취와 방목이용비교, 초기 방목관리, 방목시기, 방목강도, 휴목기간, 시비관리, 임간방목지 관리, 방목체계 확립 이용방법과 가축생산성, 혼파조합과 가축생산성, 초지 형태와 가축생산성 등이 있다. 최근 노동력 부족과 인건비 상승 및 수입개방 등 국내외적인 어려운 여건으로 볼 때 초지관리의 연구목표는 생력관리와 생산비 절감에 두어져야 하며, 특히 앞으로의 초지개발이 산지에서 이루어지고 우리나라 산지의 특수성에 미루어 방목관리 이용에 관해서는 다각적인 연구검토가 요망된다. 앞으로의 연구과제로서는 가족 노동중심의 방목관리, 농가규모의 적정방목시스템, 방목지에서의 적정 질소시비수준, 경사지 방목시 유지년한 연장과 토양유실 방지, 가축 분뇨의 초지환원과 환경오염 방지, 임간지에서 목초와 토양 및 나무피해와 방목효율증진, 전기목책 등 간이목책시설 및 기타 초지생산과 방목가축 생산 효율 증진방안 등을 들 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.8 s.157
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• pp.605-616
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• 2005

In this paper, runoff curve numbers (CN's) for a small forested mountainous catchment are estimated using rainfall-runoff data measured at Sulma experimental catchment every 10 minutes and a new guideline for applying the antecedent rainfall conditions (ARC's) for small mountainous watersheds in Korea is proposed. Sulma experimental catchment is a typical natural mountainous basin with $97\%$ of forested land cover and CN's are estimated to be in the range between 51 and 89 with median value of 72. The test hypothesis stating as 1-day ARC is better than 5-day ARC in determining CN's for a small mountainous watershed is shown to be acceptable. Also, linear regression equations for the estimation of CN's for small mountainous catchments are proposed. As there is no significant investigations available on CN's for small mountainous catchments, the newly proposed relationships between CN's and ARC may be used as a preliminary guideline to assign CN's for the estimation of floods from rainfall data on mountainous regions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.269-295
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• 1995

This research is concerned with the social division of labor within the traditional industry district: Damyang bamboo ware industry district and Yeoju pottery industry district in South Korea, Damyang bamboo ware and Yeoju pottery are well known of the Korean traditional industry. The social division of labor in an industry district is considered as an important factor. The social division of labor helps the traditional industry to survive today. This summary shows five significant points from the major findings. First, Damyang bamoo ware industry and Yoeju pottery industry have experienced the growth stages until 1945, the stagnation in the 1960s, and the business recovery in the 1980s. Most Korean traditional industries had been radically declined under the Japanese colonization; while, Damyang bamboo ware industry and Yeoju pottery industry district have been developed during above all stages. The extended market to Japan helped the local government to establish a training center, and to provide financial aids and technical aids to crafts men. During the 1960s and 1970s, mass production of substitute goods on factory system resulted in the decrease of demand of bamboo ware and pettery. During the 1980s, these industries have slowly recovered as a result of the increased income per capita. The high rate of economic growth in the 1960s and 1970s was playing an important role in the emerging the incleased demand of the bamboo ware and pottery. Second the production-and-marketing system in a traditional industry district became diversified to adjust the demand of products. In Damyang bamboo ware industry district, the level of social division of labor was low until the high economic development period. Bamboo ware were made by a farmer in a small domestic system, The bamboo goods were mainly sold in the periodic market of bamboo ware in Damyang. In the recession period in the 1960s and 1970s, the production-and-marketing system were diversified; a manufacturing-wholesale type business and small-factory type business became established; and the wholesale business and the export traders in the district appeared. In the recovery period in the 1980s, the production-and-marketing systems were more diversified; a small-factory type business started to depend On subcontractors for a part of process of production; and a wholesale business in the district engaged in production of bamboo ware. In Yeoju pottery industry district, the social division of labor was limited until the early 1970s. A pottery was made by a crafts man in a small-business of domestic system and sold by a middle man out of Yeoju. Since the late 1970s, production-and-marketing system become being diversified as a result of the increased demand in Japan and South Korea. In the 1970s, Korean traditional craft pottery was highiy demanded in Japan. The demand encouraged people in Yoeju to become craftsmen and/or to work in the pottery related occupation. In South Korea, the rapid economic growth resulted in incline to pottery due to the development of stainless and plastic bowls and dishes. The production facilities were modernized to provide pottery at the reasonable price. A small-busineas of domestic system was transformed into a small-factory type business. The social division of labor was intensified in the pottery production-and-maketing system. The manufacturing kaoline began to be seperated from the production process of pottery. Within the district, a pottery wholesale business and a retail business started to be established in the 1980s. Third the traditional industry district was divided into "completed one" and "not-completed one" according to whether or not the district firms led the function of the social division of labor. The Damyang bamboo ware industry district is "completed one": the firm within the district is in charge of the supply of raw material, the production and the marketing. In the Damyang bamboo ware district, the social division of labor w and reorganized labor system to improve the external economics effect through intensifying the social division of labor. Lastly, the social division of labor was playing an important role in the development of traditional industry districts. The subdivision of production process and the diversification of business reduced the production cost and overcame the labor shortage through hiring low-waged workers such as family members, the old people and housewives. An enterpriser with small amount of capital easily joined into the business. The risk from business recession were dispersed. The accumulated know-how in the production and maketing provided flexiblility to produce various goods and to extend the life-cycly of a product.d the life-cycly of a product.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-32
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• 2006

다산시조선후기(茶山是朝鮮後期)(1762-1836년(年))걸출적실학대가(傑出的實學大家), 타사하료제다방면걸출적저작(他寫下了諸多方面傑出的著作). 본논문연구배판료타적유관의학방면적내용(本論文硏究排判了他的有關醫學方面的內容). 인위타적박학다식(因爲他的博學多識), 재의학방면역제출료제다견해(在醫學方面亦提出了諸多見解), 여재전문관술마언적치료서(如再專門關述痲疹的治療書) ${\ulcorner}$마과회통(痲科會通)${\lrcorner}$, 배판료근근통과촌구맥진(排判了僅僅通過寸口脈診), 변설가변청장부허실적부분의생경율적태도(便設可辨淸臟腑虛實的部分醫生輕率的態度); 접납료당시대근시(接納了當時對近視), 원시과학연구적관점(遠視科學硏究的觀點); 제시료동일약물수착산지부동기약효역유차별(提示了同一藥物隨着産地不同其藥效亦有差別), 응근거산지조절약량(應根據産地調節藥量), 병지출당시사용부당적부분약물(幷指出當時使用不當的部分藥物). 단인위미능대동양의학경전저작진행충분적연구(但因爲未能對東洋醫學經典著作進行充分的硏究), 몰법대동양의학적근본사상(沒法對東洋醫學的根本思想), 즉천인상응관(卽天人相應觀), 음양오행관(陰陽五行觀), 정체관등유충분적인식(整體觀等有充分的認識), 고이곡해료부분동양의학기본사상급원이체계(故而曲解了部分東洋醫學基本思想及原理體系).

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.409-414
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• 2000

최근 수산물 유통 및 물류구조 합리화 방안의 일환으로 수산물 산지종합처리장 설립이 적극 추진되고 있으나 부지 선정을 위한 합리적 의사결정 모형이 마련되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 수산물 처리의 특성을 반영할 수 있는 평가 모형을 개발ㆍ제시한다. 모형 설계에는 평가 기준의 체계를 수립하고 적절한 평가 기법을 선택하는 과정이 포함된다. 평가 기준의 확립을 위하여 시설 입지와 관련된 문헌을 고찰하고 다차원적 접근법에 의한 계층적 체계화를 시도하였다. 체계화된 평가 기준에 따른 의사결정 대안의 평가 기법으로 주관적 판단의 계량화에 적절하다고 판단되는 계층분석과정(Analytic Hierarchy Process : AHP) 기법을 선택하여 평가 모형을 완성하였다. 모형 적용의 일부분인 기준 간 중요도 평가를 위한 실사를 수행하고, AHP에서 제공하는 계층 일관성 기준에 따라 신뢰성 있다고 판단되는 자료만을 분석에 사용하여 결과를 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.428-432
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• 2016

자연재해는 전 세계적으로 몇 조원에 이르는 피해를 주고 있으며 근래에는 기후변화로 인한 이상기후현상으로 집중호우의 빈도가 증가하고 있으며 홍수, 산사태 토석류 등 발생빈도가 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 최근 2011년 서울에서 발생한 우면산 토석류의 피해와 강원도 일부 지역의 피해로 인해 많은 피해가 일어났으며, 국가에서는 산사태 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 장기적으로는 위험한 지역에 구조물을 설치하는 등 예방사방을 실시하고, 단기적으로는 위험요소의 제거와 위험지역의 예측을 통한 경계피난체재를 철저히 할 필요성이 강조되고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 강원도는 산지로 이루어져 있으며, 매년 집중호우나 태풍이 지나간 다음, 많은 양의 강우량으로 인해 산길을 지나는 도로에 토석류로 인해 길이 막혀 이동이 불가능 하게 되거나 산지 아래에 있는 건물이 산에서 쓸려서 내려오는 토사와 나무에 의해 파괴되어 물질적인 피해를 입는 영상이 뉴스를 통해 많이 접하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토석류에 대한 전반적인 특성을 설명하고 체계적인 관리가 필요하다. 연구 지역은 춘천지역을 대상으로 SINMAP 모델 기법의 조도계수와 특성을 고려한 위험지도를 작성하였고 산사태 일부 지역에 대한 위험도 평가를 하였다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 2010

The 5th century kiln that produced pottery coffins was found for the first time in Korea, located in the Oryang-dong remains in the city of Naju. This kiln, located in the central area of the Yeongsan River, provides important data for research on mortuary practices in prehistoric society, including the structure of production and patterns of distribution and consumption. For this study, the remains of five ancient tombs and pottery coffins excavated from the 4th century Mandong archaeological site were chosen to determine the area of consumption of pottery coffins produced at the Oryang-dong kiln. The samples from each area of remains were analyzed for minor elements using neutron activation analysis method, and from these results, the identities of the corresponding production areas were investigated using the multi-variant statistical analysis of discriminant analysis. The evidence strongly suggests that pottery coffins produced at the Oryang-dong kiln in Naju were used in ancient tombs of the Bannam mound in Naju, the Okyari mound in Yeongam, and the Banam mound in Hampyeong, reaching those sites through trade and distribution. The findings also suggest that pottery coffins from the Mandong archeological site in Gochang and the Inpyeong mound in Muan were not produced at the Oryang-dong kiln in Naju, but rather were brought from pottery kilns in different production areas, through trade and distribution.