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Change Prediction of Forestland Area in South Korea using Multinomial Logistic Regression Model

다항 로지스틱 회귀모형을 이용한 우리나라 산지면적 변화 추정에 관한 연구

  • KWAK, Doo-Ahn (Dept. of Forest Welfare Research, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 곽두안 (국립산림과학원 산림복지연구과)
  • Received : 2020.09.22
  • Accepted : 2020.10.29
  • Published : 2020.12.31

Abstract

This study was performed to support the 6th forest basic planning by Korea Forest Service as predicting the change of forestland area by the transition of land use type in the future over 35 years in South Korea. It is very important to analyze upcoming forestland area change for future forest planning because forestland plays a basic role to predict forest resources change for afforestation, production and management in the future. Therefore, the transitional interaction between land use types in future of South Korea was predicted in this study using econometrical models based on past trend data of land use type and related variables. The econometrical model based on maximum discounted profits theory for land use type determination was used to estimate total quantitative change by forestland, agricultural land and urban area at national scale using explanatory variables such as forestry value added, agricultural income and population during over 46 years. In result, it was analyzed that forestland area would decrease continuously at approximately 29,000 ha by 2027 while urban area increases in South Korea. However, it was predicted that the forestland area would be started to increase gradually at 170,000 ha by 2050 because urban area was reduced according to population decrement from 2032 in South Korea. We could find out that the increment of forestland would be attributed to social problems such as urban hollowing and localities extinction phenomenon by steep decrement of population from 2032. The decrement and increment of forestland by unbalanced population immigration to major cities and migration to localities might cause many social and economic problems against national sustainable development, so that future strategies and policies for forestland should be established considering such future change trends of land use type for balanced development and reasonable forestland use and conservation.

본 연구는 산림기본법 10조에 명시되어 있는 산림자원 및 임산물 수급의 장기전망을 통한 제6차 산림기본계획 수립을 지원하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우리나라 산지의 정의는 산지관리법에서 명시하고 있으며 산림 조성, 생산, 관리를 위해 필수 불가결한 요소로서 미래 산림자원의 변화를 예측하는데 가장 기본이 되기 때문에 미래의 산지면적 변화를 예측하는 것은 향후 계획수립을 위해 매우 중요하다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 지대극대화 이론에 근거한 임업부가가치, 농업소득, 인구밀도를 종속변수로 하는 다항로지스틱 모형을 개발함으로써 미래의 산지면적, 농지면적, 도시 및 기타지의 면적 변화를 예측할 수 있었다. 그 결과 산지면적은 2026년까지 약 6,300천ha로 줄어들어 현재 대비 약 34천ha의 감소분이 발생할 것으로 전망되었으며, 이후 2027년부터는 반등을 시작하여 6,470천ha로 늘어나 약 172천ha의 증가분이 발생할 것으로 예측되었다. 이러한 산지면적의 증가는 임업부가가치의 증가와 관련이 있고, 농지면적의 증가는 농업소득의 증가, 그리고 도시 및 기타지의 증가는 인구밀도의 증가와 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 산지면적의 주된 증가원인은 한계효과와 탄성치가 큰 인구밀도의 감소로 밝혀졌는데, 이는 저출산으로 인해 절대인구가 2032년부터 감소함에 따라 산지면적의 증가하기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산지면적의 증가분은 도시 및 기타지에서 산지로 전환되는 면적이 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 인구감소에 따른 도시 주변 지역의 인구 공동화 현상과 지방 소도시의 소멸 등과 같은 사회적인 문제에 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 산지의 증가를 산지관리 차원에서 살펴보면, 증가되는 산지면적은 지목상 임야 이외의 토지로부터 편입될 것으로 전망되기 때문에, 사후 산지관리법상의 산지로서 관리되기 위해서는 산림 관련 법령의 정비는 물론 변화에 대응한 새로운 산지관리 체계를 구축하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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