• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.39 no.6_1
• /
• pp.1467-1475
• /
• 2023

The public-interest direct payment program involves providing direct payments to agricultural producers and rural residents through public funds, premised on performing public functions such as environmental conservation, stable food supply, and maintaining rural communities via agricultural activities. Scientific estimation of crop cultivation areas and production levels is crucial for formulating agricultural policies linked to regulating food supply, which increasingly impacts the national economy. Conducting comprehensive on-site inspections for compliance monitoring of direct payment programs has shown very low efficiency in relation to budget and time. The expansion of areas subject to compliance monitoring and various challenges in on-site inspections necessitate streamlining current monitoring methods and devising effective strategies. As a solution, the application of Remote Sensing technology and spatial information utilization, allowing swift acquisition of necessary information for policies without overall on-site visits, is being discussed as an efficient compliance monitoring method. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential use of remote sensing for improving operational efficiency in monitoring compliance with public-interest direct payment programs. Using satellite images during farming seasons in Gimje and Hapcheon, vegetation indices and spatial variations were utilized to identify cultivated areas, presence of mixed crops, validated against on-site inspection data.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seeding dates on grassland productivity and botanical composition in oversown hilly pasture located in Pyeongchang of South Korea. Four treatment groups were established based on the seeding dates of grass mixture: T1, August 13; T2, August 27; T3, September 10; and T4, September 24. Evaluation of seasonal changes in grass botanical composition revealed the highest ratios of grass in T1 and T2 (81-100% grass) and the lowest in T4 (46-90 % grass). In the plant length, the first harvest time was longer than other cutting times and last harvest time was the lowest. The total dry matter yield of grass was highest in T2 ($9,042kg\;ha^{-1}$) and T1 ($8,845kg\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in T4 ($5,086kg\;ha^{-1}$). The findings of the present study suggest that seeding by late August provide the most desirable results for vegetation and grassland productivity in oversown hilly pasture, Pyeongchang of South Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2019

This experiment was carried out to study the change of productivity and feed value in different types of hilly pasture. The pasture utilized in the experiment was placed on the experimental farm of Pyeongchang Campus of Seoul National University. Forage production type(FP; Orchardgrass 18 + Tall Fescue 12 + Timothy 5 + White clover 5 kg/ha) and Public farm type(PF: Orchardgrass 12 + Tall Fescue 18 + Timothy 5 + White clover 5 kg/ha) pasture were established in September 3, 2014 and utilized (cutting or grazing) four times every year. Growth characteristics, yield and forage quality were investigated for two years. Plant height of grasses was the highest in the $1^{st}$ cutting and legumes was in the $2^{nd}$ cutting. Dry matter (DM) content was highest at every the $1^{st}$ cut grasses significantly lower at the $2^{nd}$ harvest (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ harvest in 2016. In the botanical composition change, the portion of legume was gradually increased after pasture establishment and the ratio of weed and bare land was higher at $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ cutting, but it was decreased at $4^{th}$ harvest. There was no significant difference in 2016 of fresh yield between two farm types (p>0.05). The yield of dry matter showed similar trend of fresh yield and forage production type was higher than that of public farm type (p<0.05). The forage intake by livestock was 1,452 kg/ha in 2015 and 1,743 kg/ha in 2016. Pasture utilization ratio of public farm type pasture was highest in the $3^{rd}$ grazing time. Forage quality of pasture in relation to management type had not significant difference, but there was difference in harvest times. Crude protein (CP) was the lowest in the $1^{st}$ harvest and total digestible nutrient (TDN) was highest in the $1^{st}$ harvest and lowest in the $4^{th}$ harvest. Based on the above results, it is found that the establishment of pasture suitable for farm's situation is important for set up of Korean model of hilly pasture. Although the forage production type is superior on forage productivity, it is recommended that the results will be provided as basic data for management of public farm type in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.481-492
• /
• 2003

This study aims to analyze quantitatively changes of forest and cropland landscape due to cropland increase toward higher mountain slope during 9 years from 1993 to 2002, using Landsat images and field survey in the vicinity of Manpo and Gangae cities, Jagang Province, Northwest Korea, During 9 years, cropland has increased as 49.9%, forest area decreased as 16%. The spatial characteristics of cropland changes present that average elevation of cropland are increased from 381m of 1993 year to 412m of 2002 year, and average gradient increased from $10^{\circ}$ to $13^{\circ}$. In increased area of cropland during 9 years, the average elevation is 455m, and average gradient is $15^{\circ}$ with maximum gradient $70^{\circ}$. Analysis of the patch phenomena by fragmentation of vegetation landscape show that number of patch increased from 394 to 1,241 and also values of shape index, and fractal dimension of vegetation are increased slightly, during 9 years. Croplands have developed mainly in mountain slopes of elevation between 450 to 750m. For improvement of agricultural productivity, it should be required political and social stabilization, international and South Korea's assistance, and restoration of mountain forest.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to develop a handy earth auger for use in sloppy and rugged forest terrains in order to reduce labor cost which comprises a major part of the production costs in forest afforestation projects. The first prototype is developed consist of two parts, the soil-digging screw and the battery power source. The specifications of the first prototype screw are: length of 170mm, a top diameter of 60mm, bottom diameter of 47mm, 23° angle for each helix, and a 50mm awl-head tip. The use of a single line of screw was selected for reduced weight. In addition, a power source of rotary DC Motor(WD-6G2425, WONILL, Korea) with a maximum torque of 30kgf-cm, rotation of 20-30rpm, K6G30C decelerator with a reduction ratio of 30:1 which could be used with no load for 48 was operated. In consideration of its weight, a lithium battery was utilized in line with the goal of developing a lightweight auger. In order to evaluate the performance of the first prototype, test sites were selected as 6 areas. The rotational force was found to be highest in area A(Solid area), followed by areas F(Mounted slope 40° area) and E(Mounted slope 30° area). It was also observed that in general, the rotational force increased along with the increase in soil depth with the maximum rotational force recorded at 10cm.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the land suitability for southern-type garlic cultivation associated with both temperature and soil constraints. The suitability analysis was conducted with hourly temperature data from 2001 to 2010 at all fifty seven meteorological stations and the soil-based suitability map of garlic provided by Rural Development Administration. Firstly the temperature data were processed by the growth stages (germinating, bulbing, and winter vegetation season), and then were adopted to limit the irrelevant lands. Next, as a result of overlaying each soil and temperature suitability map, the total 274,339 ha of area was mapped as highly suitable or suitable for southern-type garlic cultivation and the top four of the largest classified si-guns were identified as Naju, Jeongeup, Gochang, and Jinju. On the other hand, the statistical records of KOSIS (KOrea Statistical Information Service) showed lower amount of cultivation area than the analyzed results in the major production sites, Goheung, Sinan, Haenam, and Muan. However, it should not be regarded as exceptional because farmer's preference might not correspond to potential land usability.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.15
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 1997

This investigation was attemped to know fruit quality of apple 'Fuji' grown at three different areas of Taegu. Fruits were gathered from hill side area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun chongtongmynn synwonri, flat area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun synyoungmyun youujeongri and river side area : Kyungsangpookdo yongchongun kewmhoyeub naenhchundong. Results were as follows: 1. In fruit sampling, we made an effort to select the same size of fruit from all areas, However, the size at river side area was about 40g lighter and minimum length was shorter than those of the other areas. On the other hand, maximum and minimum diameter of the fruit at flat and river side areas were longer than hill side area. Accordingly, shape index of the fruit in river side area was flatter than the other areas. This difference may be due to temperture, soil moisture content, etc. In squeeze rate of the fruit, no significant difference was recognized among areas. 2. Though, rate of fructose in total sugar was almost 50% in all areas, sucrose, fructose and sorbitol concentration of hill side area were higher than the other areas. however glucose was reverse amd brix was almost same as total sugar concentration. 3. Rate of malic acid in total acid was almost 98% and citric acid was only 2% in all areas. Malic acid concentration of hill side area was higher than the other areas and titratable acid concentration was almost same as total acid.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.108 no.2
• /
• pp.224-232
• /
• 2019

The movement of fish to the upper and the lower parts of a mountain stream was investigated based on the installation of specific types of structures within the stream. The results indicated that as the flow rate increases after a rain, the height of the drop in an open-type structure, such as a concrete box, is decreased so that the floating fishes, such as the Chinese minnow fish, move relatively easily from the upper to the lower parts and from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In contrast, the fishes released from an upper point of a wall-type structure with <1 m, such as rocks drop works and stone masonry for stream-grade stabilization, were trapped in the lower part of the stream and, even after the rainy season, it was difficult for the fish to move from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In particular, the barrier-type structures ${\geq}3m$ limit the movement of fish, even when there are few drainage holes at the lower end of the dam, and there is no space for the fishes to communicate with each other, even when the flow rate is high; therefore, although the fish are active, they are restricted to move according to the type and characteristics of the structures. When installing structures in a mountain stream, the height of the structure must be low enough to allow the fish to communicate with each other or an open-type structure must be installed. The fish habitat and water conditions within the stream must be considered when designing the type and height of the in-stream structures.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2020

It is difficult for farmers to select new crops for cultivation to increase income. So we conducted land suitability assessment of grapes with soil and climate information related to crop growth. At first, land suitabilities for grapes were classified into three categories (most suitable, suitable, low productive & not suitable areas) according to soil and climate conditions, respectively. In details, land suitability with respect to soil was assessed by soil morphological and physical properties including soil texture, drainage class, available soil depth, slope and gravel content, whereas one in accordance with climate was evaluated by average annual temperature, temperature during the growing season, temperature during maturation, the lowest temperature, chilling requirement and precipitation during the growing season. Secondly, we combined both soil and climate classification results using a most-limiting characteristic method. Maps showing the suitable land for grapes cultivation were drawn. The results indicate that the most suitable area of cultivation for grapes in south Korea was 3.43% and suitable (possible) area was 10.61%. This study may help to preserve land and increase the productivity through providing valuable information regarding where more suitable areas for grapes are located.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.213-233
• /
• 1979

It is generally agreed that the country's population will grow up to the level of 52 million by the year of 2000 and that due the active growth of industry, urbanization and road constructions, sizable portion of existing arable lands will be utilized for other purposes than agriculture in near future. From 1966 to 1977, it was estimated that, the average annual conversion of arable lands to other uses, was 12,909 ha. If this trend persists, it is predicted that from 1978 to 1991 when the 6th Five Years Economic Development Plan will terminate, approximately 181,000 ha of arable lands will be converted for other uses again. On the other hand, it is certain that the increased population (39 million in 1981, 45 million in 1991, 52 million in 2001) and the changes in food pattern along with the enhancement of living standards will bring about the phenomenal increase in demands for not only the staple food but also the livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs, vegetables and fruits. These future increased demands for various foods, naturally mean the increased needs for the expansion of arable lands at the same time. It is predicted that, if more activities than present scale are not taken for the expansion of arable lands, the national food self sufficiency level will drop from 79% in 1977 down to 62% in 1991. To meet the increased food demands in future, there are several ways and means. These will include the increased land use intensity, elevation of unit area yield levels, minimization of conversion of arable lands to other uses and expansion of arable lands through the reclamations of idle hillside lands and tidal lands. Among these, the expansion of arable lands through reclamations of idle hillside lands and tidal lands are more positive measures to cope with the increased production of foods in future. The reclamation of hillside lands demands more attention because it needs more advanced technologies in agronomical and engineering aspects, larger scale fundings and integrated socioeconomic considerations. In agromical aspects, the thechniques for early improvement of chemical and physical properties of soils, proper soil conservation measures and rational cropping systems are of particular importance. As to the financial supports to encourage the farmings in hillside land, much bold fund inputs are essential for the construction of roads, installation of irrigation and drainage facilities, soil conservation mechanisms, which will ensure the stabilized farming with reasonable incomes in the newly reclaimed lands.