• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.453-461
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• 2005

Structural characteristics and successional trends of actual forest vegetation in Youngil soil erosion control district, South Korea, were studied and described by the phytosociological investigations and diameter measurement. And also the incremental growth pattern of the major trees for erosion control analyzed using increment core. Sixty-eight releves were sampled with $100m^2$ plots. Two main vegetation types (Lespedeza bicolor-Miscanthus sinensis-type and Alnus firma-Styrax japonica-type) have been distinguished and typified nine vegetation units. Constancy classes diagram showed that the higher species (${\geq}IV$) have only 2.6% and that most species occurred were rare and had low abundances. The successional trends of the actual forest vegetation would be mostly changed as Quercus serrata forest. Annual diameter growth was 3.0~3.4 mm in case of conifer (Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii), and the broad-leaved trees (Alnus firma, Robinia pseudo-acacia, and Alnus hirsuta) showed 4.3~4.9 mm. The incremental growth patterns showed to be decreased rapidly since twenty to twenty-five years regardless of the species of trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1997

The optimum global natural vegetation mapping(GNVM) system was selected as a series of the study to estimate potential forest area of the globe. To select the system, three types of GNVM systems which are simple system with Light Climatic Dataset(LCD), altitude-allowed system with LCD and altitude-allowed system with Heavy Climatic Dataset(HCD) were established and compared. The three GNVM systems spherically interpolate such spotty climate data as those observed at weather stations the world over onto $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$ grid points, product vegetation type classification, and produce a potential natural vegetation(PNV) map and a PNV area. As a result of comparison with three GNVM systems, altitude-allowed LCD system represented natural vegetation distribution better than other versions. The difference between the simple system versus the one with altitude allowance indicated that the simple version tends to over-represent the warmer climate areas and under-represent cold and hostile climate areas. In the difference between altitude-allowed versions of LCD and HCD, HCD version tended to overestimate moist climate areas and to underestimate dry climate areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to suggest technical approaches for preparation and down scaling of climate data used for predicting the potential forest distribution. To predict the forest distribution, we employed a Korean-specific forest distribution model, so-called the TAG(Thermal Analogy Group), and defined the PFT(Plant Functional Types) based on the HyTAG(Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Group). The climate data with 20km spatial resolution were interpolated to fit on the input data format with 1km spatial resolution. Two potential forest distribution maps were estimated using climate data constructed by kriging, one of the interpolation and down-scaling approaches, with and without lapse rate considered. Through the verification process by comparing two potential maps with the actual vegetation map, the forest distribution using the lapse rate was proven to be 38% more accurate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1183-1187
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 유역내 식생변화에 따른 장기적인 측면에서의 유역 물수지 변화를 살펴보기 위하여, 보청천 유역을 내상유역으로 선정하고, 준분포형 매개변수 모형인 SWAT 모형을 적용하여, 다양한 식생변화 시나리오에 따른 증발산, 지표수, 지하수, 유출의 변화를 검토하였다. 침엽수, 활엽수, 밭, 초지의 식생별 물수지 영향과, 침엽수에서 다른 식생으로의 변화에 따른 유역 물수지 영향을 비교해 본 결과, 산림식생의 강우 차단의 영향으로 증발산 증가, 유출 감소의 영향을 뚜렷하게 파악할 수 있었으며, 특히 침엽수가 활엽수에 비해 증발산 증가 및 유출 감소에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 밭의 경우에는 이와 반대로 강우 차단 효과가 미흡하여 다른 식생에 비해 증발산의 감소 및 유출의 증가가 크게 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

The purpose of this work is to investigate correlation between $CO_2$ concentration and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in North East Asia. Geographically weighted regression techniques were used to evaluate the spatial relationships between GOSAT (Greenhouse Observing SATellite) $CO_2$ measurement and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) vegetation index. The results reveals that $CO_2$ concentration to be negatively associated with NDVI. The analysis of Global Morans' I index and Anselin Local Morasn's I showed spatial autocorrelation between the overall spatial pattern of $CO_2$ and NDVI. Ultimately, there were clustered patterns in both data sets. The results show that carbon dioxide concentration shows non-random distribution patterns in relation to NDVI clusters, which proves that intense development activities such as deforestation are influencing carbon dioxide emission across the area of analysis. However, as the concentration of carbon dioxide varies depending on a variety of factors such as artificial sources, plant respiration, and the absorption and discharge of the ocean, follow-up studies are required to evaluate the correlations among more related variables.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.240-252
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• 1999

Floristic composition and phytosociological studies of Mt. Chongok and Mt. Tuta were investigated, and that was compared with the previously published report in 1993. Vascular plants were composed of 100 families, 358 genera, 573 species, 95 varieties, and 18 formae, totaling 686 taxa. The vegetation was relatively well conserved based on Pteridophyta calculation (Pte-Q), 1.13. Compared with the vascular plants of the southern and northern slope area, the vascular plants of the southern slope area were composed of 87 families, 287 genera, 419 species, 73 varieties, and 11 formae, totaling 503 taxa, and those of the northern slope area consisted of 94 families, 293 genera, 427 species, 73 varieties, and 12 formae, totaling 512 taxa, respectively. Also, compared with the taxa in each side, both sides were composed of 332 species in common, southern sides, 172 species and northern sides, 182 species, respectively. The number of species of 11 families belonged to the higher level among total families taxa was composed of 328 species(47.8%). Among them, Compositae and Rosaceae were included much more species than remnant families. Korean endemic species were composed 16 families, 24 genera, 20 species, 8 varieties and 2 formae, totaling 30 species(4.4%). Compared with the Korean endemic taxa in each side, both sides were composed of 14 species in common, southern sides, 11 species and northern sides, 5 species, respectively. A naturalized plants were 20 species, correspond to 9.2% of totaling 218 species appeared in South Korea. Among them,12 species were appeared commonly in both sides, southern sides, 16 species and northern sides, 16 species, respectively. Life form spectra was H-D1-R5-e type and, useful resources plants are as follows; edible source(42.4%), medicinal source(31.5%), ornamental source(15.6%) and pasture source (13.3%) in the total region. The forest vegetation of the southern slope was classified into 1 order, 1 alliances and 5 communities; Rhododendro-Quercetalia mongolicae, Lindero-Quercion mongolicae, Quercus mongolica Typical community, Populus davidiana-Quercus mongolica community, Pinus koraiensis-Taxus cuspidata community, Pinus densiflora-Carex humilis var. nana community, Betula costata-Betula ermanii community. It is considered that the slight difference of the flora and vegetation in the northern and southern slope is mostly due to the topographical and climatic difference. Even closer investigation is required for the more accurate comparison in this area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.28-51
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze forest vegetation structure in Marugeum (the ridge line) area between Dakmokryeong and Daetjae in Baekdudaegan through vegetation classification, importance value, species diversity, and CCA using the data that were collected from 245 quadrates through Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey method from May to September in 2017. The results of the forest vegetation classification identified 8 vegetation units with Quercus mongolica community group at the highest level. Q. mongolica community group was classified into the Cornus controversa community, Buxus koreana community, Sasa borealis community, Abies nephrolepis community, and Q. mongolica typical community. C. controversa community was further classified into Quercus dentata group, Filipendula glaberrima group, Larix kaempferi group, and C. controversa typical group. The result of the important value analysis showed that Q. dentata had the highest importance value at 19.1% in vegetation unit 1 while Q. mongolica had the highest importance value at 22.7%, 38.3%, 25.6%, 41.3%, 27.9%, and 41.6% in vegetation unit 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively, and L. kaempferi had the highest importance value at 27.6% in vegetation unit 3. As such, Q. mongolica species generally represented the communities of Marugeum (the ridge line) area of Dakmokryeong to Daetjae in Baekdudaegan. The results of species diversity showed that vegetation unit 1 and 2 were 3.305 and 3.236, respectively, which were relatively higher than other vegetation units. It was considered that this result was due to the influence of high emergence of present species. The results of the CCA analysis of the correlations between biotic environmental factors and vegetation types showed that vegetation unit 1 was mainly correlated with the megaphanerophyte ratio and vine plant ratio. In the correlations between abiotic environmental factors and vegetation types, vegetation unit 7 was significantly correlated with altitude. From the perspective of ecological management, vegetation unit 5 represented by B. koreana community was inhabited by a variety of plants due to the species composition and location environment due to the geological characteristics that are typical of limestone area. Vegetation unit 7 represented by A. nephrolepis community was typified as subalpine vegetation widely distributed by relict species and endemic species. We concluded that it is necessary to manage these vegetation units with an ecologically differentiated approach.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze forest vegetation of Gabhasan and Woosanbong in Daejeon, Employing the releve method of TWINSPAN, 62 plots were sampled from June 2001 to September 2001. Field survey carried out to examine importance value, to do diameter of breast height(DBH) measurement, and to analyze the Ordination. The Forest vegetation was classified into four communities: Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus acutissima community. The importance value of Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata and Styrax japonica were high. According to DBH analysis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis dominate currently, however, importance value of Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii would increase in the future. The result of ordination analysis, showed that Quercus mongolica community was located in high altitude and steep area, Pinus densiflora community was located in comparatively high altitude and medium slope area, Quercus variabilis community was located in low altitude and gentle slope area and Quercus acutissima community was located in the lowest altitude and relatively gentle slope area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2000

본 연구는 국립공원의 산림관리에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 계곡부식생을 조사하였다 계룡산국립공원의 계곡부식생을 ZM학과의 식물사회학적인 방법으로 분류한 결과 까치박달군락으로 구분되었다 까치박달군락은 다시 고로쇠나무아군락, 조릿대아군락, 병꽃나무아군락 등 3개의 아군락으로 서어나무군락은 쥐똥나무아군락 쪽동백아군란 등 2개의 아군락으로 구분되었다 까치박달군락은 서어나무군락보다 해발고가 높고 습한 지역에 분포하였다 또한 동일한 계곡이라 할지라도 입지조건 중 특히 계곡부가 위치해 있는 사면의 방위에 따라 식생구성의 차이를 나타냈다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2018

This study was intended to provide basic data for more ecological and systematic preservation and management planning of forest vegetations in the Baekdudaegan sector between Danmoknyeong and Guryongnyeong where biodiversity is considered to be very important. A vegetation survey using the Zurich-Montpellier (Z.-M.) method of phytosociology was carried out in a total 142 sites to examine the environmental characteristics. The survey showed the forest vegetation types of one community group, two communities, four groups, and four subgroups. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum, which fall under Constancy Class V, were dominant species and deemed to be the key species of the forest ecosystem management plan for the investigated areas. Regarding species diversity, it was found that the dominant species of the VT3 type were evenly distributed in the area while the species of the VT4 type showed not only a diverse composition but also the most abundant number of species. Moreover, there were 24 of rare plants found in the Danmoknyeong-Guryongnyeong section: the critically endangered species include Dracocephalum rupestre; the endangered species include Saxifraga octopetala; the vulnerable species include Paeonia japonica, Euphorbia fauriei, Hanabusaya asiatica, and Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa; the least concern species include Aristolochia manshuriensis, Rodgersia podophylla, Salvia chanryoenica, Scopolia japonica, and Parasenecio firmus.