• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 연천봉고개(해발 700m)를 중심으로 남향사면인 시원사~원천봉고개와 북향사면인 갑사~연천봉고개를 대상으로 사면방향과 해발고에 따른 교목층과 아교목층의 산림구조를 조사분석하였다. 남향사면은 북향사면에 비하여 교목측의 밀도는 높은 반면 평균흉고직경은 작았다. 특수한 지형인 주능선부에 위치하는 정부를 제외하며, 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 교목층과 아교목층 전체의 평균흉고직경과 흉고단면적인 남향사면에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 북향사면은 남향사면에 비하여 교목층과 아교목층 전체의 동다양도와 균재고가 높았다. 남향사면에서 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 느티나무, 졸참나무, 까지박달, 신갈나무등이었으며, 중요치가 감소하는 수종은 굴참나무, 서어나무, 때죽나무 등이었다. 북향사면의 경우 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 까치박달, 쪽동백나무 등이며, 중요치가 감소하는 수종은 때죽나무, 졸참나무 등이었다. Cluster 분석결과 남향사면중, 하부의 굴참나무-낙엽활엽수군집지, 남향사면 상부와 북향사면상, 중의 신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 북향사면 하부와 정부의 신갈나무-소나무군집 등 3개 군집으로 구분되었다. 굴참나무, 산벚나무, 밤나무 등 3개 수종간에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었으며, 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 굴참나무, 산벚나무, 밤나무 등 3개 수종은 당당풍과 유의적인 부의 상관이 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2001

Taking account of the structural variation on species composition according to the different topographic positions and aspects, the forest community attributes such as species composition, species diversity index, and similarity coefficient were comparatively analyzed for the three topographic positions and the four aspects in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Gari area. The results are as follows 1. The most dominant species in the overstory were Quercus mongolica in the mid-slope, the ridge, and all aspects areas, however, the stands of the topographic positions were less similar than the stands of the aspects in species composition, because of the appearance of the specific domonant species such as Juglans mandshurica in the valley area and Pinus densiflora in the ridge area. 2. Among the three topographic positions, the mid-slope area had greatest species diversity index in overstory, but the index of the valley had greater value than those of mid-slope and ridge in mid-story and understory. The north-east area among the aspects had greatest the index in all canopy layers. However, The stands of the aspects showed more smaller variation than the stands of the topographic positions. 3. The ridge area showed greatest similarity coefficient value with the mid-slope area, but showed least similarity coefficient value with the valley. However, similarity coefficient among the topographic positions had much smaller value than similarity coefficient among the aspects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

The Chuwang valley-Kumunkwangi valley forest in Chuwangsan area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Forty eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 470m to 780m and part of the slope. Density and basal area of trees in tree strata decreased as increasing elevation. With increasing elevation the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased, while those of Pinus densiflora, Lindera obtussiloba decreased. As going from lower part to upper part of the slope, the importance values of Quercus valiabilis and Lindera obtussiloba increased while those of Fraxius rhynchophylla, Acer mono decreased. Species diversity tended to decreased as going to upper parts of the slope. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts, and parts of the slope were 74.4~84.2% and 68.0~96.3%, respectively. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into three forest communities of Pinus densiflora-deciduous tree species community of lower part of slope, Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community of middle and upper part of slope, Pinus densiflora community of the top area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.611-619
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• 2007

This study was carried out to analyze the landslide characteristics and forest environment factors on the landslide area of 7 national parks in korea. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; The total number of landslide occurrence was 44 areas. The average length of the landslides scar was 152 m, average width was 17 m. And the average area was $2,818m^2$. The factors influencing landslides were highly occurred in Metamorphic rock, mixed forest type. And also, $30{\sim}35^{\circ}$ in slope gradient, NE in slope aspect, slope higher than 1,000 m, concave (凹) type in vertical and cross slope, 0 ordered stream. The main factors affecting landslide area in stepwise regression analysis were sheet type in landslided shape, NE in slope aspect, 2 ordered stream, SE in slope aspect, slope gradient and complex slope in cross slope type in order of regression coefficient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.552-563
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to characterize the forest vegetation and site of Odaesan National Park for ecological forest management. The vegetation could be divided into two forest community groups, seven forest communities, and several subcommunities. South exposed, dry slopes were covered with forests of the Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group. Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group could be subdivided into ${\bullet}$ Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum community on dry sites, especially on south or south-westly exposed ridges or convex slopes; ${\bullet}$ Lespedeza${\times}$tomentella community on south exposed slopes, at low altitudes in the eastern part of the study area; ${\bullet}$ Carex humilis-Maackia amurensis community on south exposed slopes up to the montane region; ${\bullet}$ Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum typical community on south exposed middle and low slopes, and on upper and middle north exposed slopes; ${\bullet}$ Pimpinella brachycarpa community, preferably on moderately moist and cool sites. On north exposed, more humid and moist sites, forests of the Dryopteris crassirhizoma-Cornus controversa community group were found. This group was subdivided into ${\bullet}$ Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes-Acer tegmentosum community on moderately moist to moist, loamy soils on shady slopes; ${\bullet}$ Deutzia glabrata-Ulmus laciniata community on north exposed slopes with rocky soil and boulders, having high humidity. There are several rare and endangered species in Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum community, Carex humilis-Maackia amurensis community, Vicia venosa var. cuspidata subcommunity and Saxifraga punctata subcommunity, and the communities were located in azonal areas in topography. To protect the species, the areas should be categorized as an absolute conservation area, and any forest working should be prohibited in this area.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze the landslide characteristics and forest environment factors on the landslide area of Jeonlabuk-do province in korea. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; The total number of landslide occurrence was 182 areas. The average area of landslide scar was $1,859m^2$, average length of the landslides was 139m, average width was 13m. The landslides were highly occurred in igneous rock and coniferous. And also, slope gradient was $21{\sim}30^{\circ}$, aspect was NE, altitude was 401~500m, vertical and cross slope was concave (凹),stream order was 1 order, soil depth was 15m below, landslide type was linear, forest type was artificial. The relationship between landslide area and environmental factors was a positive correlation with cross slope (convex), position (upper), altitude (501m), forest type (coniferous), parent rock (sedimentary rock), D.B.H. (over 17cm), but was negative correlation with slope gradient ($31{\sim}40^{\circ}$), parent rock (igneous rock), D.B.H. (6~16cm).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2018

The slope stabilization analysis was performed by conducting survey and selecting the representative section in order to improve slope composition and management technology of masonry embankments in the quarry area, The mean slope of the masonry retain wall (A, B, C, D, E, F) was $38.5^{\circ}$, although the steep slope of the lowest slope (A) as $59^{\circ}$. The horizontal distance of the masonry embankments is 66.2 m and the slope height is 48.3 m. However, the inclination of the masonry embankments is relatively steep and visually unstable. The slope stability analysis for the slope stability analysis was taken into account during the drying and saturation. The slope stability analysis during saturation was performed by modeling the fully saturated slope. The strength constants of the ground were divided into two groups. The safety factor for dry period was 1.850 and the safety factor for rainy season was 1.333. The safety rate of dry period and rainy season was above 1.5 and 1.2. However, the weathered granite on the upper part of the masonry embankments at the time of heavy rainfall is considered to have a high risk of slope erosion and collapse. Therefore, it is considered necessary to take measures for stabilization through appropriate maintenance such as drainage installation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop prediction model for fill slope failure of forest road in igneous rock area using fuzzy theory which is non-linear model. The results were summarized as follows. The importance weight of factors on fill slope failure was ranked in the order of fill slope length, fill slope gradient, soil type, aspect, road position and longitudinal slope form. The degree of potential slope failure was high mainly under the such conditions as fill slope length greater than 8m, fill slope gradients steeper than $40^{\circ}$, constituent material with weathered rock, aspect of NE and road on ridge position. The optimal prediction model was developed with 0.15 of optimal coefficient(c) and 3.1165 of ${\lambda}$-value when fuzzy integral value of slope failure possibility is more than 0.5. And the discriminant accuracy was 86.8%, which shows the high availability for discrimination.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.471-471
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• 2015

토양내의 수분흐름을 이해하는 것은 토양수분의 시공간적 분포변화와 유출기작을 규명하는데 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 설마천유역의 작은 사면에서의 장력측정 시스템을 구축하여, 3차원의 흐름방향에 대해 잠재적 흐름구배를 평가하고자 하였다. 또한 흐름구배를 평가하기 위한 일반적 산술적 계산방법인 평균적 흐름구배와 측정시스템의 구조적 영향 및 흐름구배의 공간적 평가 기준을 고려한 계산방법론을 개발하여 비교 평하였다. 3차원의 흐름방향은 사면의 지표경사를 기준으로 x, y, z축을 기준으로 하여, 각 축 방향에 해당하는 흐름구배 값과 흐름방향을 각각 계산하였다. 그 결과, 강우사상에 따른 토양내의 장력변화는 매우 민감하게 변화하였으며, 이에 따른 각 흐름구배 값과 흐름방향의 반응이 빠르게 반응을 하였다. 특히, 습윤, 건조기간동안의 흐름구배의 발달 및 방향이 바뀌는 천이되는 상태인 흐름 굽힘 현상(flow Bending)을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.158-160
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• 2003