• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.16 no.5 s.128
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• pp.24-28
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• 1995

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 2007

The average number of oviposion scars in lower (facing the Land) and upper part (facing the Sun) of P. koraiensis logs were $16.3{\pm}13.9$ and $3.3{\pm}3.6$, respectively. Oviposition preference of Monochamus saltuarius adults was lower part of Pinus koraiensis. Estimated average number of larvae and egg from oviposition scars ($64.7{\pm}23.8$) in P. koraiensis logs was $18.8{\pm}10.0$ in the laboratory condition. However, oviposition scars were $63.6{\pm}31.1$ and average number of larvae and egg was $2.0{\pm}2.6$ in field condition. When we fed with inner bark (phloem) and xylem of P. koraiensis, body weight of M. saltuarius larvae was normal. However, when we only fed xylem of P. koraiensis, body weight and size were reduced but they were recovered after feeding inner bark (phloem). Esterase isozymes were assessed from larvae fat body of M. saltuarius and Est1 were specifically activated when we fed with inner bark (phloem) and xylem.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.36 no.7 s.417
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• pp.102-105
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• 2004

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

To study the ecological characteristics of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari Hope, Mulberry branches with egg-laid scar were regionally collected from ten mulberry fields during the hibernation. It showed that its distribution was highest in Kyunggi province with 3.05% and lowest in Kyungnam province with 0.28%. The number of the egg-laid scar per branch was single with 87.7% of high frequency and its average size was 2.38 L$\times$1.45 W$\times$0.34D cm. The average diameter of scarred branch was 1.7 cm, ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 cm. the shape of egg was long elliptical with width of $2.32\pm$0.33 mm and with length of $6.606.60\pm$0.55 mm. the weight of egg was $16.6\pm$2.94 mg and the color of the just-oviposited egg was milky white, changing into thick brown with time. The weight and length of the just-hatched larva was $16.6\pm$2.4 mg and $6.36\pm$0.66 mm. respectively. Most of the larvae moved downward inside the branch, showing that 94.2% of larvae for outdoor rearing and 87.9% of larvae for indoor rearing moved downward in the branch. As a result, it was found that it hibernated at egg stage with a higher rate than at larval stage by two or three folds in Kyunggi and Kyungbuk province and contrarily at larval stage with higher rate than at egg stage in Chunbuk, Chunnam and Kyungnam provinces. The survival rate for the egg after hibernation was significantly low with 6.6% and contrarily for the larva after hibernation remarkably high with 91.2%. Although the survival rate of the egg in this survey was relatively low, the result indicated that there were two types of hibernation of A. germari in Korea; egg and larval stage.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate types of injury inflicted by the stone leek leafminer, Liriomyza chinensis Kato (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on welsh onion. A feeding scar made by an adult female was a hole round in shape, with diameter of 0.08 mm and 0.48 mm in lesion, resulting in a white spot, many of which often form vertical dotted lines on a leaf. Egg spots were oval with 0.1 ${\times}$0.14 mm in size, one or several of which often form a V-shape in group. Feeding by adults began immediately after emergence and was very active from 4th to 5th day. Oviposition was done from 2nd to 6th day after emergence. In both feeding and oviposition, they were more active in the day time. Larvae after emergence crawled up the leaf at first, and then moved up and down to feed on mesophyll. When in high density, they feed on leaf from leaf tip to bottom, and let the leaf die. Area of damage per one larva was calculated as 72.1 $\textrm{mm}^2$. The aged larvae escaped from the leaf in early morning, usually between 5 and 7 am. Most pupation sites were distributed near plants,5cm in soil depth and within 10 cm away from the plant. Pupae of L. chinensis overwintered 10cm below soil surface and emerged from early May to late June the next year Adults then moved to welsh onions near over wintering sites, nursery, transplanted, and levee.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.4 s.65
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• pp.195-201
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the life history of Compsidia populnea which is major species of the stem-borers on Populus alba{\times}glandulosa$. Peak emergence of the adult of Compsidia populnea L. was around 10th${\sim}$l2nd of May in Chuncheon vicinities, having one generation a year in Korea. There was a preovipositional period of 10.7 days and a ovipositional period of 14.3.days. Mean adult longevity was 11 days for male and 13.8 days for female. Individual eggs were long oval with somewhat narrowed tip at one side and soft, 2.6mm in length, 0.8mm in diameter, and were laid singly under the U-shaped scars which were made by female before oviposition. Total number of scars per female averaged 56.6 ($8{\sim}135$) and eggs were found in 67.9 percent of the total scars. Egg period was $8{\sim}11$ days at $25^{\circ}C$ constant temperature and $7{\sim}14$ days in the field condition. Early young larvae stayed for $2{\sim}3$ weeks under the scars and then boring into the xylem, forming galls at this time. Size of the gall was 1.8cm($1.3{\sim}2.5$) in length, 1.6cm($1.0{\sim}2.2$) in diameter and the length of mine was everage 3.1cm. Fully grown larvae were developed around the early October and overwintered in the mines of galls. Pupation was done around the early of April. Pupal developmental period averaged 11 days($9{\sim}13$ days) at $25^{\circ}C$ constant temperature condition.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1991

In order to study effects of the 9round charcoal and organic acid on the egg production, White Leghorn strain(Hyline) layer of 113 week-old were fed control diet during a week of previous feeding and subsquent experimental diets during 12 weeks of experimental feeding . The experimental diets were the basal (control) diet composed of mainly corn-soybean meal, diet (CPB) substituted 0.5％ of ground charcoal with the defatted rice bran of the control, diet (PWV) added 0.1 mM(based on the acetic acid) of wood vinegar in the CPD and diet(PFA) added 0.1 mM (based on the acetic acid) of fermented acetic acid in the CPD. During experimental feeding period, birds (ed control, CPD and PWV diets showed similar feed intake which was shown a decreasing tendency in birds fed PFA diet as the passage of experimental feeding period. Birds fed experimental diets containing ground charcoal were tended to increase egg weight (g/egg) , while which of birds fed CPD was higher(P＜0.05) than that fed control diet. Chicks fed the control, CPD and PWV diets produced 75.9, 75.0 and 75. 9％ of egg, respectively, which were significantly(P＜0.05) higher than those of birds fed PFA. Daily egg mass(g/bird) were reached to 48.6, 49.9 and 49.5g i,1 layer fed the control, CPD and PWV diets, respectively, showing an increasing tendency in layer fed CPD and PWV compared with those of birds fed control, which were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those of birds fed PFA . Although the effect of experimental diets on the feed efficiency (egg/feed) was not found, which was shown an increasing tendency in layer fed CPD compared with those in control diet. Compared with the incidence of cracked or shelless eggs in birds fed control diet, which were lowered to 37％ in birds fed CPD diet and 70％ in PWV-fed birds and increased to two times in birds fed PFA . The contents of cholesterol in egg was not affected by experimental diets, while birds fed CPD diet increased significantly(P＜0.05) the daily biosynthesis of egg protein and showed a trend to increase the thickness of eggshell and eggshell contents per eggs compared with that of control diet-fed birds. The results indicated that the ground charcoal powder improved the performance of layer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2017

This study was conducted from May to December 2016 to investigate the prevalence of antibody titers for Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Egg drop syndrome (EDS), Avian pneumovirus (APV), Fowl Typhoid (FT), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in laying hens in Incheon area. In ND, 418 (99.5%) of the 420 outbreaks were positive. IB showed 330 (78.5%) positive antibody out of 420 cases. EDS showed 419 (99.7%) positive seropositive rates among 420 cases. In the case of APV, 357 cases (85%) were positive in 420 cases. In the case of PT, the positive rate of antibody was 128 (30.4%) out of 420 cases. Among the 420 cases of MG, 222 cases (52.8%) were positive for antibodies. In the case of MS, 395 out of 420 cases (94.0%) were positive. This result suggests that the positive rate of antibody for PT in Incheon area was low. And it was also clear that MS without vaccine is now rampant in Incheon.