• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate extraction properties of crude saponin and ginsenosides, and their effects on sensory properties of emulsified pork sausage. Non-dried ginseng root was boiled in 0 (e.g., 100% distilled water), 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100% ethanol, and powdered by a freezing dry method. Weight of dried powder for the 0% ethanol extraction was 20% of initial non-dried ginseng weight, while $20{\sim}80%$ and 100% ethanol extractions resulted in approximately 15 and 10% of their initial weights, respectively. On the other hand, crude saponin content in the dried powder was linearly increased for a higher ethanol content where 100% ethanol extraction resulted in 123.52 mg/g. LC/MS analysis of crude saponin for quantifying ginsenosides showed that Rb1, Rb2 and Rc were significantly (p<0.05) higher levels for both 80 and 100% ethanol extractions. In the case of Rg1 ginsenoside, 60, 80 and 100% ethanol extractions resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher levels. Emulsified pork sausages containing 0, 1 or 2% ginseng extracts were smoked or non-smoked and their sensory characteristics and preference were evaluated. Smoking process significantly (p<0.05) decreased juiciness and tenderness, but the treatment significantly (p<0.05) improved flavor and consumer preference. It was particularly noticed that a 2% addition of ginseng extract prevented the adverse effects of smoking process on juiciness and tenderness while the 2% addition significantly (p<0.05) improved consumer preference. The current results implied that addition of ginseng extract in emulsified pork sausage could improve sensory quality.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1997

The present study reports the density, growth and production of a razor clam, Sinollovacula constricta, which is known to be one of the important fishreies catches from the Korean tidal flat. The annual yield reached to about 6,000 metric tons per year till 1994. The study was conducted on the Hwaseong tidal flat located on the central west coast, 40 kilometers south-west from Seoul. The annual yield of the razor clam in this area reached to about 50% of the total catch from the whole Korean coast. Samples were colleted monthly at 14 occasions from May 1992 to August 1993. Density of S. constricta ranged from 92~165 individuals per square meter during the study period. General trend of decreasing density was observed when the animal became older, but an exception was the year class of 1991 whose density was lower than that of 1990. The size of the shell was clearly separated into two classes during fall and winter (from September to February), however, the maximum frequency of the length of small size classes moved to right after February. It indicates a fast growth of young clams from spring to summer. Fast growth of the shell could also be examined by the growth curve. The shell growth of the whole life span was described by the von Bertalanffy equation of $L_t=89.3{\times}[1{\exp}\{-0.58{\times}(t+0.73\}]$. The growth in flesh dry weight was well fitted to the Gompertz growth model with the equation, $W_t=5.00{\times}{\exp}\{-4.31{\times}{\exp}(-0.043{\times}t)\}$. The clam lost about 30% of the body weight during spawning in August. The annual production calculated based on the data from September 1992 to August 1993 amounted to 150 g $DW{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ which was 2~50 fold higher than those of other bivalves occurred in Korea. This estimate was patitioned by each year classes; 87.5 by 1992, 53.4 by 1991, 59.0 by 1990 and -30.0 g $DW{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ by 1989 year class.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1062-1067
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• 2014

In the present study, a new analytical method was devised for the simultaneous determination of soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds using high performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC/ELSD). The limit of quantification (LOQ) for soybean soluble carbohydrates ranged from 5.6~7.6 mg/kg using the HPLC/ELSD method and from 16.2~33.9 mg/kg using the high performance liquid chromatography/refractive index detection (HPLC/RID) method. Therefore, the HPLC/ELSD method was more sensitive than HPLC/RID. The precision values for retention time and peak area of the HPLC/ELSD method were evaluated by inter-day (n=5) and intra-day (n=10) assays using a standard solution. All precision values (CV<2.5%) for soybean soluble carbohydrates were acceptable and fulfilled international acceptance criteria. All linear calibration curves were obtained with a correlation coefficient of $R^2$ >0.999. The contents of soluble carbohydrates for the "Shingikong" (yellow soybean) and "Cheongjakong 3" (black soybean) samples were analyzed using the HPLC/RID and HPLC/ELSD methods. The difference in carbohydrate contents between the two detection methods was significant. Carbohydrate contents in the HPLC/ELSD method were higher than those in the HPLC/RID method. Overall, the HPLC/ELSD method showed satisfactory resolution with a favorable LOQ and reproducibility. Therefore, these results indicate that the HPLC/ELSD method may be applied to determine the contents of soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds and related food stuffs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 1980

Asking to change the cropping patterns to save the labor and capitals in paddy rice cultivation, the study was intended to know the weed problems under the various possible cultural systems; namely, direct seeding (in broadcast and row), machine transplanting and hand transplanting. Under the conditions as weedy check plots, paddy yields were significantly variated among cropping systems, and the functions of panicle No. and spikelet No. to the yield were neglected, among others. However, the yield and yield components were narrowed among cropping systems, and the function of spikelets number per area was comparatively improved to the others.