• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.199-236
• /
• 2014

This paper analyses from the perspective of distributive justice the legal mechanisms for international allocation of orbital slots, which are of co-owned nature and thereby limited natural resources in outer space. The allocative function is delegated to the International Telecommunication Union. The Radio Regulation, amongst such other legal instruments as the Constitution and Convention, by which the ITU and contracting States thereof abides, dictates how the orbital positions are distributed. Thus, the RR is thoroughly reviewed in the essay. The mechanisms are in a broad sense categorized into two systems: 'a posteriori system' where the 'first come, first served' principle prevails; and 'a priori system' designed to foster the utilisation of the slots by those who lack space resources and are, in especial, likely to be marginalised under the former system. The argument proceeds on the premise that a posteriori system places the under-resourced States in unfavourable positions in the securement of the slots. In contrast with this notion, seven factors were instantiated for an assertion that the degradation of the distributive justice derived from the 'first come, first served' rule, which lays the foundation for the system, could be either mitigated or counterbalanced by the alleged exceptions to the rule. However, the author of this essay argues for counterevidences against the factors and thereby demonstrating that the principle still remains as an overwhelming doctrine, posing a threat to the pursuit of fair allocation. The elements he set forth are as in the following: 1) that the 'first come, first served' principle only applies to assignments capable of causing harmful interferences; 2) the interoperability of the principle with the 'rule of conformity' with the all the ITU instruments; 3) the viability of alternative registrations, as an exception of the application of the principle, on the condition of provisional and informational purposes; 4) another reference that matters in deciding the priority: the types of services in the TFA; 5) the Rule of Procedure H40 proclaiming a ban on taking advantage of coming first to the Register; 6) the technical factors and equity-oriented norms under international and municipal laws along with; 7) the changes of 'basic characteristics' of registered assignments. The second half of this essay illustrates by examining the relevant Annexes to the Regulation that the planned allocation, i.e., a priori system, bear the structured flaws that hinder the fulfillment of the original purpose of the system. The Broadcasting and Fixed Satellite Systems are the reviewed Plans in which the 'first come, first served' principle re-emerges in the end as a determining factor to grant the 'right to international recognition' to administrations including those who has not the allotted portions in the Plan.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.260-278
• /
• 2011

Along with the launch of National R&D Program in 1982, National R&D licensing policy began to operate in order to expand and promote the outputs of R&D. Even though various studies attempted to draw plans to improve the National R&D licensing policy, most of their focus was limited to the collection and allocation structure of royalty. Thus, with the aim of approaching National R&D licensing policy in a whole cyclic perspective [from collection allocation to execution' post control], this study incorporates interviews with specialists and officials in charge of technology licensing fee, Industry-University-Institute surveys as well as literature review. Through this endeavor, suggestions are made in the aspects of (1) National R&D licensing policy reformation, (2) Technology licensing fee collection and allocation structure refinement, (3)Post control system establishment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.22 no.3 s.74
• /
• pp.215-226
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 한국 미국 유럽의 ITS 사업평가방법론을 비교분석(Comparative Analysis)하여 과학적인 국내 ITS사업평가지침 도입방안을 제언하는 것이다. 이를 위해 우리나라의 ITS사업평가의 문제점 및 국외 선진평가방법론을 분석하고 시사점을 도출하여 국내 ITS평가지침을 제도화하기 위한 정책방향을 제언하였다. 국내 외 사례(미국 유럽 한국) 비교분석결과, 국내에서도 중 장기적인 ITS 투자재원의 효율적 배분과 단기적인 시스템운영의 효율화를 위해서 과학적인 ITS평가지침(ITS Evaluation Guideline)의 도입이 제도화되어야 한다. 또한 세부추진방안으로 ITS사업을 지속적이고 반복적으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 ITS사업평가체계의 도입, ITS 서비스의 효과척도(MOE)를 과학적으로 분석할 수 있는 평가기법(운영성능평가, 경제성평가, 사전 사후비교분석, 시뮬레이션분석)정립, ITS특성을 고려한 새로운 평가기법 도입(위험도분석, 행태분석, 시뮬레이션분석) 및 기타 정책적 활용을 위한 지원(평가자료의 데이터베이스화, 한국형 ITS평가용 시뮬레이터개발, ITS사업효과 계량화 등)방안이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.50-61
• /
• 2012

1970년대 해상 재난에 처음 도입된 이후 최적화 모형은 재난 대응 물류 문제에 효과적으로 활용되었다. 문헌 연구 기법을 이용하여 본 논문은 재난대응 물류 분야의 최적화 모형을 검토하였다. 재난대응 활동은 재난 발생 이전과 이후로 구분하여 검토할 수 있다. 사전 활동으로 긴급 대피, 위치 선정, 비축품 관리 등을 고려할 수 있으며, 사후 활동은 복구품 배분, 비축품 조정 등을 포함한다. 이와 같은 재난대응 활동과 관련하여 물류 문제를 네트워크 구성과 공급계획으로 구분하여 문헌연구를 수행하였다. 모형의 형식과 의사결정 사항을 중심으로 문헌을 체계적으로 조사하고 분석하였다. 문헌조사 분석결과를 기반으로 향후 자율적 대응이 가능한 재난대응 물류 구조를 구성하기 위한 연구 주제를 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4487-4495
• /
• 2012

This study analyzes the meal guidance and meal service management of early childhood teachers. The subjects were 171 early childhood teachers who were working in kindergartens and day care centers in Gwangju. A questionnaire was made by the researcher on the basis of relevant materials. The data was analyzed by statistical methods such as frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, $x^2$, ANOVA and Duncan with the SPSS for Windows 18.0 program. The results are as follow: First, there are significant differences in meal hours, amount of food and meal admeasurer according to workplace type of early childhood teacher. Also, there are significant differences in meal hours, amount of food, meal admeasurer and guidance for late eating infants according to children's age. Second, early childhood teacher consider in order content after meal, content before meal and content during meal. Also, there are significant difference content after meal according to workplace type of early childhood teacher. And there are significant differences in content before meal and content during meal according to children's age.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2019

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and changes in the educational environment, team-based assignments are increasing in university classes. Effective team formation in team-based class is an important issue that affects students' satisfaction and the effectiveness of education. However, previous studies mostly focused on post analysis on the results of team formation, which makes it difficult to use them in actual classes. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of how to create a balanced team that reflects students' abilities and other characteristics. Characteristic values for assignment may be scores, such as students' proficiency, binary values such as gender, and multi-values, such as grade or department. This problem is a type of equitable partitioning problem, which takes the form of 0-1 integer programming, and the objective function is linear or nonlinear, depending on how balance is achieved. The basic model or the extended model presented can be applied to the situation where teams are balanced in consideration of various factors in actual class.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
• /
• s.302
• /
• pp.42-43
• /
• 2017

∎ 2017년 에너지 관련 조세 수입(교통에너지환경세, 개별소비세, 교육세, 주행세 등 합계)은 약 26조 7천억원으로 전망됨. 이는 총 국세 수입의 약 11%를 차지하며, 부가가치세 총수입의 43.3% 수준으로 큰 규모 - 교통에너지환경세는 교통시설특별회계 80%, 환경개선특별회계 15%, 에너지및자원사업특별회계 3%, 지역발전특별회계 2%로 배분 ∎ 2017년 에너지및자원사업특별회계 예산(약 5조 7천억원) 중 석유관련 세출은 약 2,765억원(약 4.8%)로, 자원개발융자, 석유비축사업, 유전개 발출자, 석유품질관리사업 등에 소요 - 수송용 석유(휘발유 및 경유)가 국세 세입에 기여하는 비중 대비 직접적인 석유 관련 세출은 극히 미미한 실정 ∎ 조세 및 부과금의 비율은 석유제품이 상대적으로 높고 전기와 지역난방, 열(가열 및 건조)의 경우 상대적으로 낮음 - 낮은 전기 요금으로 전기소비가 급증하여 온실가스와 미세먼지가 증가하고, 발전소 및 전력망 건설에 따른 사회적 갈등이 발생 - 에너지 세제가 환경보호, 에너지시설투자에 대한 갈등해소 비용 등 사회적비용이 반영되지 않은 과세정책으로 유연탄 및 원자력 발전소가 지속 증가 추세 ∎ 바람직한 에너지 세제개편을 위해서는 에너지원간 세금부과의 균형 확보가 필요하며, 중장기적으로 통합 에너지세제 도입이 필요 - 수송용과 발전용 에너지세제를 통합적 관점에서 조율 - 각 에너지원에서 발생하는 오염물질과 온실가스 배출 등 다양한 사회적 비용을 일관된 기준으로 세금에 반영 - 유연탄 과세 강화, 원자력 과세 신설(안전사후처리비용 등 반영)

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2023.04a
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2023

벤처캐피탈은 유망한 기술력과 우수인력을 갖춘 창업초기단계부터 성장단계의 유망 중소벤처기업에 필요한 자본을 투자하고 경영 및 기술 등을 지원하여 성장 이후 다양한 수단을 통해 투자금을 회수하여 이익을 실현하는 벤처생태계의 핵심주체로서의 역할을 하고 있다. 벤처캐피탈의 업무는 다양한 출자자(LP)를 모집하여 벤처투자조합(펀드)를 결성을 통해 성장성이 있는 중소벤처기업에 투자하고 기업의 성장함에 따라 투자금을 회수하여 출자자들에게 배분과 재투자를 하는 것이다. 벤처투자에 있어 가장 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 벤처캐피탈리스트의 업무는 기업발굴, 기업분석 및 평가, 투자심사, 사후관리, 투자회수 등이며 임원급 이상의 경우 펀드레이징(펀드결성)이 중요한 업무이며 투자와 회수 및 펀드결성 등의 업무성과로 연봉, 성과급, 승진 등 보상이 이루어지고 있다. 최근 급격히 성장하는 벤처투자시장에 비해 투자인력은 부족하며 이에 투자성과 제고를 위해 인력양성과 장기근속을 위한 인프라와 시스템을 갖추기 위해 벤처캐피탈은 많은 노력을 하고 있으나 다른 산업에 비해 벤처캐피탈 산업의 연구자체가 부족할 뿐만 아니라 주로 투자수익률 등 계량적인 관점에서 연구가 이루어졌다. 이에 본 연구는 벤처캐피탈리스트가 소속된 벤처캐피탈의 조직특성 중 권한위임, 직무적합성, 조직신뢰 등이 성과급 등 업무성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 연구하고 벤처캐피탈의 유형에 따른 조절효과를 중심으로 실증적인 분석하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.480-486
• /
• 2014

This study aims to assure the positive influence of publishing English newspapers on improving English communicative ability and explores possibilities of enforcing an explicitly collaborative and independent learning atmosphere through a cooperative project-based publishing process. The project of publishing first KSA English newspapers has completed with a series of processes adopted from project-based learning and teaching strategies. The project involves the initiative process of selecting student editors based on their English abilities and commitment levels followed by planning subjects, themes and materials, distributing tasks and articles, and integrating and editing the outcome. Throughout the whole process volunteers participated independently and collaboratively with minimum supervision. The survey shows that the successfully published English Newspaper resulted in facilitating volunteers' positive self awareness and independent learning attitude as well as improving general English ability. The study discusses possibilities and advantages of publishing newspapers and magazines not for limited language education only, but for integrated project-based learning and teaching with suggestions for further related studies.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.995-1005
• /
• 2009

Conditional correlation between financial time series plays an important role in risk management, asset allocation and portfolio selection and therefore diverse efforts for modeling conditional correlations in multivariate-GARCH processes have been made in last two decades. In particular, CCC (cf. Bollerslev, 1990) and DCC(dynamic conditional correlation, cf. Engle, 2002) models have been commonly used since they are relatively parsimonious in the number of parameters involved. This article is concerned with DCC modeling for multivariate GARCH processes in comparison with CCC specification. Various multivariate financial time series are analysed to illustrate possible advantages of DCC over CCC modeling.