• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.211-232
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the types of welfare attitudes are classified according to the welfare regimes. Specifically, this study tried to confirm whether the satisfaction and needs of the role of government for inequality reduction are divided into welfare regimes. For the purpose, this study conducted a comparative analysis of 24 European countries using the 6th European Social Survey (2012) and the Eurostat data. The main results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, there is a difference in the satisfaction and needs of the role of government for the inequality reduction among the welfare regimes. Generally, the satisfaction is high in the Nordic countries, while the needs is high in the southern and eastern European countries. Second, there is a correlation that the country where the per capita welfare expenditure level is high and the redistribution effect is strong have high level of the satisfaction. Third, the types of welfare attitudes are classified according to the welfare regimes. In particular, the Nordic countries are converging into a cluster with low needs and high satisfaction. These countries have high level of social spending and strong redistributive effects. This study suggested policy implications based on the above results.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-45
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• 2017

This study aims at explaining organizational mechanisms of inequality that has been rising rapidly alongside the proliferation of irregular employment in the post-crisis Korean labor market. It argues that inequality is not sufficiently explained by individual gap in human capital or widespread marketization as such. Social categories into which each individual worker falls seems more important as a source of labor market inequality. Employment types that are composed of regular and irregular employment do not simply indicate the different economic meanings of employment contracts but have rather been institutionalized as a social category of status in the context of inequality over the past two decades. They are also often matched with other social categories such as gender that have created and reproduced greater labor market inequality. We pay attention to the organizational practice of dominant incumbents who make claims for advantages of return based on their exclusive accessibility to limited organizational resources and explain how that particular practice plays a role to increase relational inequality between those insiders who achieve advantageous returns and outsiders mostly irregular workers who are excluded from those resources because of the social categories that they belong to. In this study, we identify seniority based pay as the key organizational practice that justifies categorical differences within the workplace and examine how that particular practice contributes to organizational level segmentation and income ineqaulity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.199-221
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• 2007

This study examines the conditions and causes of income inequality and seeks assignments for mitigating income inequality. An analysis of the conditions and causes of income inequality is summarized as follows. First, income inequality, which rapidly increased after the economic crisis, increased and reduced repeatedly during 1999-2004, and remained a level in 2005 as high as that of the year directly after the economic crisis. Second, an analysis of the causes of income inequality by utilizing the long-term data(1985-2004) shows that unemployment rate, nonstandard employment rate, and the rising rate of land prices positively affect income inequality. Third, an analysis of the causes of income inequality by utilizing the data before and after the economic crisis(1995-2004) demonstrates that unemployment rate, nonstandard employment rate, and the workers' income ratio between large enterprises and small enterprises positively affect income inequality. Fourth, the rising rate of land prices which significantly affects income inequality in the data of 1985-2004 does not affect income equality in the data of 1995-2004, and the workers' income ratio between large enterprises and small enterprises which does not affect income inequality in the data of 1985-2004 significantly affect income equality in the data of 1995-2004. These results suggest several implications for mitigating income inequality. First, alternative plans to reduce unemployment rate must be prepared. Second, policies to reduce nonstandard employment rate should be established. Third, programs to stabilize or lower the land prices must be deliberated. Fourth, a master-plan to support small to medium enterprises must be carried out in order to reduce the wage differentials between large enterprises and small to medium enterprises.

• Korean Journal of Social Issues
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-56
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 서구와 한국에서의 신자유주의화에 대한 기존의 연구성과들에 기반하여 한국적 신자유주의의 특징을 규명하고, 이명박 정부 이후의 구체적인 정책 변화를 검토하여 국가의 정책이 사회적 불평등에 어떠한 영향을 미쳐 왔는지를 확인하고자 한다. 전체적으로 이 연구가 던지는 질문은 다음과 같다: "국민경제는 계속 성장하고 있다는데, 나는 왜 먹고살기가 더욱 어려워지는가?"라는 질문에 대해 어떻게 대답할 것인가? 이 연구는 이론적인 차원에서 이에 대한 대답은 '신자유주의적 금융화의 진전'이라는 현상과 관련하여 설명되어야 한다는 관점에서 출발한다. 이러한 방식의 설명을 위해 이 글에서 파악하고자 하는 내용은 다음과 같다: 한국에서 신자유주의화 또는 금융화가 전개되는 독특한 양식은 무엇인가? '보수정부' 9년간의 사회경제정책은 이전 시기에 비해 어떤 특징을 나타내는가? 그리고, 이 시기에 한국사회의 사회적 불평등의 정도는 실제로 어떻게 변화하였는가? 글은 신자유주의에 대한 새로운 이론이나 금융화 및 불평등에 대한 새로운 경험적 자료를 제시하기 보다는, 금융화와 불평등에 대한 기존의 논의들을 살펴보고 한국의 신자유주의 및 금융화가 진화해 온 방식과 그 지형도를 그리는 것을 목표로 한다. 그리고 이러한 작업을 통해 향후 기대되는 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 연구는 첫째로 지난 9년간 전개된 금융정책은 금융이 산업을 지배한다기보다는 오히려 정 반대의 과정으로 진행되도록 했다는 점을 제시할 것이다. 또한, '일하는 복지'라는 사회복지정책 의제와 금융장치의 결합을 통해 개개인의 금융활동에 대한 의존을 심화시켰다는 점을 제시할 것이다. 이러한 정책적 변화들은 곧 물질적인 평등뿐만 아니라, '사회적 권리'로서의 평등을 악화시켰다고 관찰된다.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.23-44
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• 2005

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.90-105
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• 2002

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.673-689
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• 2011

It is a qualitative study based on a focus group with an aim to figure out elderly people's experiences in health inequality in vulnerable health zones in agriculture and fisheries areas. Of eups, myeons and dongs selected as 40 vulnerable areas where standardized death rates had continued to be high from 2004 to 2007 in 20 counties and cities in Gyeongsang-do, 15 agriculture and fisheries areas were randomly chosen to extract 8 to 10 elderly people. Explanations were given to study subjects, and 7 to 8 people who agreed to take part in the study joined a regional focus group. Contents of interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological method by Colaizzi (1978) in order to accurately describe pertinent phenomena. The study has found four categories including ecological environmental problems, insufficient services for local community & harmful environmental problems, worsening economic conditions and insufficient health care management in terms of health behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.53-81
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• 2019

The 3rd Library Comprehensive Development Plan (2019-2023) of the Committee on Library and Information Policy under IFLA-UN 2030 Agenda emphasize the role of libraries in practicing social inclusion. At home and abroad, this is shedding new light on libraries as the public service institutions aimed at resolving information inequality. This study thus developed the information inequality measurement indicator optimized for libraries. For this purpose, FGI and Delphi technique were implemented as the verification stage of the expert group. As a result, the final indicators were derived in three evaluation areas, twelve evaluation items, and 30 evaluation indicators. Specifically, first, 3 evaluation items and 8 evaluation indicators were derived in the access evaluation area; second, 5 evaluation items and 12 evaluation indicators were derived in the competency evaluation area; and third, 4 evaluation items and 10 evaluation indicators were derived in the utilization evaluation area. This study is considered to be of great significance in that the information inequality measurement indicators optimized for libraries were developed, the first of its kind.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-77
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the changes in wage inequality and its contributing factors since the mid-2000s. Although trends vary by data and wage indices, the Gini coefficient of the total wage of all workers shows an increasing trend due to the part-time increase of less than 35 hours per week, while the wage Gini coefficient of hourly wages and the total wage Gini coefficient of full-time workers showed a declining trend. Part-time increases have increased inequality based on total wages, but part-time hourly wage increases can be considered to have reduced hourly wage inequality. Therefore, as a result of decomposing the factor of Gini coefficient reduction only for full-time workers, factors that contributed absolutely to inequality reduction were variables such as job tenure, career, and occupation, and employment type variable has little effects, and the establishment size variable deepens inequality. The variables such as industry, age, and education did not contribute significantly to the inequality change. This is attributed to the decline in wage premiums for job tenure and management and professional jobs and the increase in wage premiums for large-scale businesses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.546-558
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• 2019

Health inequality means health gaps that can be affected adverse effects to the vulnerable groups in a society. Many scholars argue that it is needed social interventions to reduce health gaps between the vulnerable and the privileged in a society, because social inequalities can be caused and resulted health inequality among them. In this context, this article introduces Korean out of school children health check-up as part of the policies to reduce health inequality in the society. For a long time, many out of school children have been alienated from the national health checkup systems. That means they are not only marginalized groups in Korean society, but also excluded from the benefits of health promotion and health management. Many runaway youths are struggling to live by themselves, who are escaped from their families and they don't have enough resources to keep their health. They are also young and low waged workers who are expelled to the streets, while they don't have any support and protection from the communities. Out of school children health checkup has been conducted to the adolescents who stay in the shelters or study in alternative schools. To get meaningful results as the health inequality reduction policy, it is needed to expand out of children health checkup to the runaway teenagers.