• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.743-763
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• 2016

This paper aims to figure out properties of housing system under the socialist market economy, which is formed after China's Reform and Opening-up. The characteristics of Chinese housing system under socialist market economy are actually a subtype of capitalist housing model because of the existing clear commodity housing market and the weakness of public land ownership. Furthermore, the government is leading agent of the capitalistic transition and marketization. Also this government-driven marketization has specialty on the feature based on the socialist tradition such as public land ownership.

• 지역과문화
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyse the complexity of Vietnam's cultural policy in the socio-economic context of socialism-oriented reform with a focus on the case of 'socialization'(xa hoi hoa) cultural policy. The Vietnamese socialization policy has been adopted to mobilise resources and participation from 'the whole society' in order to promote the development of culture and arts. Although there remains the discourse of its definition, the socialization policy has showed its achievements in mobilizing financial resources, privatization, enhancing decentralization, and revitalizing the private investment, and thus help improve cultural services in both quantity and quality. The socialization policy illuminates the leadership of the state, yet gradually improved in promoting and practicing cultural policy. This study is expected to enhance understanding of Vietnam's cultural policy after reform to the Korean scholars, therefore it contributes to boosting the cooperation and cultural exchange between Vietnam and Korea.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2002

일반적으로 경제개혁과정은 생산활동을 위한 공간구조의 재편을 초래한다. 중국의 지역경제의 구조변화와 관련된 일반적인 이해는 사회주의 개발전략에 의한 남북간의 공간구조의 격차가 경제개혁이후 공간적인 불균등발전으로 인하여 동서간 공간구조의 격차구조로 발전하고 있다라는 점이다. 이러한 공간적인 격차구조와 아울러 중국의 경제개혁을 구성하는 중요한 공간적 요인은 바로 지역경제의 등장이다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.610-614
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• 2001

20세기 개혁과 개방의 기치를 높이 들고 세계사에 새롭게 등장한 중국은 정치제도는 그대로 사회주의를 고수하고 있다 그러나 등소평이 남순강화에서 제창하고 주창한 '색깔에 관계없이 쥐를 잘 잡는 고양이를 선호한다"는 실용주의 노선을 근거로 경제적으로는 시장경제 원리를 도입하여 눈부신 성장을 거듭하고 있으며 특히 21세기 초일류 국가로의 재비상을 위하여 그 요체가 되는 정보통신산업의 발전과 육성을 위해 매진하고 있다. 본고에서는 중국이 개혁과 개방을 하는 과정에서 정보통신산업의 육성과 그 정책의 추진과정을 살펴보고 21세기 정보통신 산업과 정책의 향후 발전방향도 예측해 보고자 연구하였다.구하였다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.169-201
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• 1994

북한(北韓)은 최근 식량 및 에너지의 부족으로 외화의 필요성이 크게 증가하고 있으나 수출(輸出)이 1991년 이후 부진을 보여 극심한 외화난(外貨難)을 겪고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서는 최근 북한의 수출이 격감한 원인을 분석하고 그 원인들에 대한 전망을 내림으로써 북한이 무역을 통하여 당면한 외화난을 타개할 수 있을 것인지를 알아보았다. 최근 북한의 수출이 격감한 것은 구(舊)사회주의권으로부터의 수입수요(輸入需要)가 감소(減少)한 것보다는 주요 수출시장에서 북한상품의 시장고유율(市場古有率)이 감소한 것이 보다 중요한 원인(原因)인 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 배경에는 루블화(貨)의 평가절하, 경화결제 외에도 북한의 전반적인 수출능력의 하락(下落)이 중요하게 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 수출의 부진요인들은 일시적인 현상이 아니므로 북한의 무역이 활로(活路)를 찾기 위해서는 개혁(改革) 개방(開放)이라는 근본적인 치유책을 통하여 생산력확대(生産力擴大) 및 외자유치(外資誘致)를 이루어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 반면 북한의 EU에 대한 수출만은 위탁가공(委託加工)을 중심으로 하여 지속적인 상승세를 유지하여 왔다. 그러나 이러한 성장세 역시 곧 자본재(資本財) 부족의 한계(限界)에 부닥칠 것으로 보이며, 장기적인 성장을 위해서는 외자유치가 절대적일 것으로 보인다. 결국 북한이 무역을 통해 당면한 외화난을 타개할 수 있을지는 본격적인 개혁(改革) 개방(開放) 여부에 달려 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2008

This article will divide agricultural change process in Yanbian area into the period of japan rule, socialism and later time of the reform and open policy and so on. It will analyze the changes of Yanbian agriculture in every period influenced by external environment influence. The conclusions are as follow: first, under the influence of the japan rule, the policy about Korean Minority immigrants in japan and the original work agriculture and the group tribe construction, Yanbian fanning was controlled by the Japanese. Therefore, Yanbian's agriculture became the tool to satisfy the war and plunder the resource for Japanese. It shows the obviously peripheral characteristics. Second, in socialism time, Yanbian's agriculture was influenced by the rural communalization. The fanning completely belongs to the country, the agricultural production is influenced by the idea of "grain as the key link" which it only pays attention to take the cultivation industry and the production of grain in the interior of cultivation industry. Therefore, it has not been able fully to use the rich natural resource. Third, after reform and open policy, the countrysides were implemented family contract responsibility system, the farmer can rent the land for a long time, and the enthusiasm of agricultural production was improved. Moreover, due to the social market economy-system, the farmer carried on the agricultural production activities according to the market's demands and various departments of the agriculture obtained the coordinate development.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.447-476
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• 2010

In the 1990s the intellectuals in China were transferred into global capitalism, and faced with the changes of society deepened by capitalism, and were forced to sign on it. The New-left proposed a question to the society of modern China being accelerated in the capitalism. The controversy with the Neo-liberal became the top issue of the 1990s' world of thought. According to the New-left, 'reform' should be attained not by capitalism of laissez-faire bringing up for wealth concentration, but by extending the democracy of political affairs and economy along with fairness guarantee of social distribution and avoiding widening the gap between rich and poor. Additionally, 'opening' should be reevaluated as a problem of considering difference and polyphyletic matter. Opening is not the meaning of accepting capitalism unconditionally and transferring into global capitalism. Based on these beliefs, the New-left criticize the socialism after reform and opening. In addition, the New-left discuss how enlightenment and modernity were understood and how they should be understood. The New-left reflect that the enlightenment in China was considered as the same as one in the western societies and emphasize the efforts of having been overcoming the contradiction of modernity through the Chinese history. As a result, the New-left seek out a new perspective and an alternative proposal beyond the dichotomy between capitalism and socialism, western countries and China, and tradition and modern.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-30
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• 2006

In terms of world system theory, the historical period of Yanbian area was divided into 3 parts: Japan colonial period which was assigned to the periphery of world system, socialist period which escaped from the world system, and the reform-open period that was reincorporated to world system. The cultural character of each period was studied. The conclusions are as follow. During the period of periphery of world system, Yanbian area as an area where the massed Korean people lived, was dominated by Korean peninsular culture. However, Yanbian area was also affected by the Japanese and Chinese cultural assimilation policy. During the period that Yanbian area aparted from the world system, it was affected by the requirement of unique socialist culture assimilation, and traditional cultures were hard to keep. During the period of reincorporation to the world system with lighten of minority policy by Chinese government, traditional national culture begin revived, but due to extend intercourse of Yanbian with China mainland and Republic of Korea, China-Korean culture of Yanbian area was strongly affected by Chinese and Korean culture too.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.40
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• pp.159-183
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• 2015

This study examined the issue of criticism in Korean Chinese literature in 1990's. This is transitional time why China introduced a market economy system. It had an important effect on Korean Chinese society not the cultural climate but also literature. Besides, Diplomatic Relation between Korea and China in 1992 gave an impulsion to changing literature. So this study tried to take note of directionality of Korean Chinese literature through the Korean Chinese magazine Literature and Art(Munhakwayesul) and Zhangbaikshan. First issue of Korean Chinese literature in early 1990's is crisis and restoration of criticism genre. At that time criticism faced with what is modernity. Some critics insisted that criticism should to improve. So it was necessary to accept foreign theory. Then they were concerned postmodernism and deideology tendency. What was important thing is that they would find their culture identity. So few critics tried to communicated with world literature. Especially they emphasized communication with Korean writer who lives in other country. Ultimately they thought that Korean Chines literature must get literal universality and ethnic speciality. For example poet Nam-YoungJeon's totem poetry is representative work. The issues of Korean Chines criticism in 1990's are not directivity of literature but also directivity of culture identity. Korean Chines literature had departed from Socialistic realism little by little and had getting diversity. Above all things criticism aimed for international sense and ethnic culture identity.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.694-715
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• 2005

I examine in this paper the change of land use and the development of desertification in Horqin desert, east Inner Mongolia, China. The change of land use in this area can be summarized as the increase of agricultural field and intensive livestock farming. The agriculture and livestock farming in semi-arid area such as Horqin desert raised the problem in the management and use of water and vegetation. This problem led to desertification. The types of development of desertification in this area could be classified as follows: the mobile sand dune extension, the riverside shifting sand flat extension, the shifting sand speck extension around settlements, and the shifting sand speck extension in agricultural Held and grassland. There have been political or social movements such as the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and the Reform and Open Policy in the background of land use change and desertification. Specially, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution played an important role in the land use change and desertification in this area. Since 1990s, there has been some kind of policy in the control of desertification. However, it is necessary for the controling desertification of this area to consider the globalization and marketization, the survival and profit of peasants and livestock farmers, and the disturbrd and fixed population and land use structure in this area since 1949.