• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.223-251
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• 2001

Morphological characters of section Atratae of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, and leaf, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium and achene, and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf (shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identifications of the observed seven taxa. C. gmelinii, C. hancokiana and C. peiktusani have been confused each other due to similar morphological characters. Howerever these taxa were distinct with respect to shape of scale, apex of scale, perigynium, type of silica body, frequence of stomatal complex, subsidal cell shape, and epidermal patterns of achene and leaf.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.313-335
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• 2005

Many plants take up soluble silica from the soil, and they deposit in plant tissues. Silica bodies are most commonly found in the leaf epidermis. Silica body is important factor in growth and development of plant. It help to maintain rigidity in stem and linear leaves, and its content may be correlated with resistance to fungal disease. In this study, several morphologically distinctive forms of silica bodies on Cyperaceae in Korea are recognized, which are eventually classified into two groups. Silica body type of first group (Rhynchospora, Fuirena, Scleria, Carex, Eriophorum) is A-type, which is conical in shape. Silica body type of second group (Cyperus, Scirpus, Eleocharis, Fimbristylis, Kyllinga, Bulbostylis, Lipocarpha) is B-type, which is conical in shape with numerous satellite body. These types are consistent enough to use as characters in taxonomic studies within genus. Silica body type may be associated with habitat: the species in dry region have A-type, whereas the species in wet region have B-type. These results suggested that shapes and presence or absence of silica body might be valuable to systematic analysis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.81-83
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• 2014

An unrecorded species, Carex rugata Ohwi, was found in Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do. This species is distinguished from Carex breviculmis R. Br., C. mitrata Franch., C. polyschoena H. Lev. & Vaniot, C. genkaiensis Ohwi, C. formosensis H. Lev. & Vaniot and C. kamagariensis K. Okamoto by having achenes with excavated faces. Carex rugata Ohwi was named 'Ju-reum-cheong-sa-cho' in Korean based on its specific epithet. In this study, a description, illustrations and photographs of the species are provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.301-338
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Rhomboidales (four taxa) and Digitatae (seven taxa) of the subgen. Eucarex (genus Carex, Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated by SEM and LM. Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak and base of perigynium, achene, hair present or absent in perigynium, number of involucre and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf(shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. According to the current study, examined 11 taxa of sections Rhomboidales and Digitatae were distinct from each other regarding by length of leaf, stem, pistillate scale and perigynium, shape and epidermal cell of perigynium beak. C. lanceolata and C. humilis have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. lanceolata and C. humilis were distinct, however with respect to from length of stem, leaf ligule present or absent, shape of cross-sectioned stem, epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf. And C. lanceolata could be distinguished from C. pediformis by shape of perigynium and achene, shape of cross-sectioned of stem, epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.88-90
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• 2014

An unrecorded species, Carex aequialta K$\ddot{u}$k. (Cyperaceae), was found in Yecheon-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Jeju-si, Jeju-do. This species is distinguished from related taxa, C. maximowiczii Miq., C. suifunensis Kom., C. phacota Spreng., C. dimorpholepis Steud., C. shimidzensis Franch. and C. tegulata H. Lev. & Vaniot, by having suberect lateral spikes, awnless pistillate scales, short rhizomes and corymblike inflorescences. This taxon was named 'Mul-kko-ri-sa-cho' in Korean based on its external appearances and habitat. We provide its description, illustrations, photographs and the key of related taxa in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

Three unrecorded species, Carex chungii Z. P. Wang, C. tsushimensis (Ohwi) Ohwi, C. multifolia Ohwi were found in Korea. C. chungii Z. P. Wang was found in Is. Wan and Is. Geogeum, Jeollanam-do and Namhae, Gyeongsangnam-do. This species is distinguished from C. leuchoclora Bunge by achenes constricted above in the middle. C. tsushimensis (Ohwi) Ohwi was found in Is. Gageo, Sinan, Jeollanam-do. This species is distinguished from C. conica Boott by pistillate scales with a long arista. C. multifolia Ohwi was found in Haenam, Jeollanam-do. This species is distinguished from C. sachalinensis var. sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Ohwi by caespitose and leaf of light gray. We provide here their description, illustration, photographs and the key of related species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.257-292
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Foetidae(one taxon), Arenariae(one taxon) and Multiflorae(six taxa) of genus Carex(Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters, such as length and width of stem, leaf, leaf sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynuim, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns(fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae present/absent of perigynium, and leaf were useful for the identification of observed eight taxa. According to the current study, examined eight taxa of sections Foetidae, Arenariae and Multiflorae were distinct from each other with respect to length and width of stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, length of spike peduncle, shape of bract, scale and apex of scale, perigynium, perigynium beak, hair presence/absence of perigynium and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2000

Up to now, there have been done much efforts in regard to nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of dicotyledonous herbs and important crop monocotyledons, but few to wild plants having canopy structure such as Carex. The objective of the present study are to determine: a) the optimum in vivo NR assay conditions for leaf samples of Carex species, b) changes of NRA according to section within leaf and leaf ages, c) diurnal variations. Optimized assay media of each Carex species were determined. NRA of C. rostrata adapted to oligotrophic habitats is readily saturated at lower substrate concentration than those of C. distans and C. gracilis, adapted to meso- and eutrophic habitats, respectively. All Carex species investigated have higher NRA in leaves than in roots. NRA of all species showed maximal values at the middle section of each leaf and in the youngest fully expanded leaves. Compared to C. gracilis, NR in leaves of C. distans was adapted readily to the light period. On the whole, Carex showed rather delayed diurnal variation. Even if the in vivo nitrate reductase assay based on nitrite estimation does not give an accurate estimation of total nitrate reduced, it still serves as a useful tool to find out relative differences in varying environmental conditions. Additionally, in vivo RNA measurements are helpful to understand nitrate reduction and basic nitrogen metabolism of Carex species having different canopy structure.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-253
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• 2003

Morphological characters of C. kobomugi, C. gibba, C. echinata. C. remotiuscula. C. maakii. C. curta, and C. loliacea of genus Carex were rexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters. such as length and width of stem and leaf, sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size, and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynium, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns (fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae, prickle present/absent of perigynium and leaf were useful for the identification of observed seven taxa. Examined six taxa of section Macrocephalae, Gibbae, Stellulatae, Elongatae, Ovales, and Heleonates were distint from each other with respect of length and width stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, lenght of spike peduncle, perigynium, and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth and ion absorbance balance of various native plants affected by the NaCl concentration (0, 100, 200, 300 mM). Carex blepharicarpa, Carex lenta, Carex matsumarae, Carex sendaica, Iris pseudacorus L., Sedum oryzifolium Makino, Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl., and Typha angustifolia L. were used in this experiment. Carex blepharicarpa, Carex lenta, Carex matsumarae, and Iris pseudacorus L. were tolerant of salinity at the NaCl concentration of 200 mM. The root growth of Carex sendaica and Typha angustifolia L. was suppressed at the NaCl concentration of 100 mM, expecially the root growth responded more sensitively than the upper growth to salinity. The K absorbance of Carex sendaica decreased according to the NaCl application, and the Na/K rate value was 3 at the NaCl concentration of 300 mM. The K, Ca, and Mg absorbance of Typha angustifolia L. decreased at the NaCl concentration of 200~300 mM, and the Na/K rate value was 0.8 at the NaCl concentration of 300 mM. The plant growth of Sedum oryzifolium Makino and Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. was suppressed at the NaCl concentration of 100~200 mM. The K, Ca, and Mg absorbance of Sedum oryzifolium Makino decreased at the NaCl concentration of 200~300 mM, and Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. was unaffected by the NaCl application. The Na/K value was 1 in both plants. Therefore, Carex blepharicarpa, Carex lenta, Carex matsumarae, and Iris pseudacorus L. were tolerant plants of salinity at the NaCl concentration of 200 mM considering the plant growth and ion absorbance balance. Especially, the Carex plants were expected to expanding use by the proven tolerance of salinity. The root growth of Carex sendaica, Sedum oryzifolium Makino, Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl., and Typha angustifolia L., was suppressed at the NaCl concentration of 100 mM, but there was no distinct tendency of ion absorbance in leaves according to the NaCl application.