• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.534-544
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• 2009

The collapse of the underground cavity can cause the abrupt local subsidence of the ground surface. It can be hazardous to the stability of road and building for human activity. Therefore it is necessary to develop reinforcement methods for the filling of the underground cavity. This study was executed to improve the material quality and systems to fill the calcium-aluminate mineral $(C_{12}A_7)$ environmentally, and minimize the loss of filling materials for the steep underground cavity. Filling material which was developed in this study is composed of rapid hardening material and additives. The developed material had rapid hardening and non-separation ability in the water cavity condition, so it made the effective underground dam in the cavity with prevention of material loss when it was poured in the water cavity. Results of heavy metal leaching test for environmental assessment showed that it was environmentally suiTable material for the filling in the mine cavity.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.63-69
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• 2012

Climate change, according to the country to increase locality of slope collapse of heavy disaster, such as increasing the likelihood and prior in order to prevent these disasters, "Slope construction design standards (Ministry of Land, 2011)," is prescribed in the relevant guidelines. In recent years, guidelines Slope Stability Analysis of the existing methods when the rainy season infiltration of rainfall, taking into account have been revised to perform more realistic. In this study, according these trends to the analysis of saturation depth by rainfall intensity and soil conditions. Results as a whole, the larger the saturated hydraulic conductivity and depth of rainfall intensity also showed a tendency to rise in proportion but MH, CL did not occur in the saturation region. Analysis of antecedent rainfall case also reflects an overall increase of depth in the saturated, rainfall in many cases is less than the growth rate was higher in the saturation region.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

While IT security investment of organizations has been increased, the amount of the monetary loss of organizations caused by IT security breaches did not decrease as much as their expectation. Also, from surveys, it was discovered that the poor usage of their security budget thwarted the improvement of the organization's security level. In this paper, to resolve the poor usage of security budget of organizations, we propose a comprehensive economic model for determining the optimal amount of investment in security solutions, including the proactive security solutions(PSSs) and the reactive security solutions(RSSs). Using the proposed analytical model under different parameters of security solutions, we show the optimal condition to maximize the expected net benefits from IT security investment of organizations. Also, we verify the common belief that the optimal level of investment in security solutions is an increasing function of vulnerability. Through simulations, we find the optimal level of IT security investment, given parameters of different characteristics of security solutions.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.177-197
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• 2013

The updated International Standard Banking Practice(ISBP), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 745, was published to bring its contents in line with UCP 600. The ISBP 745 has dealt with A-Q that are commonly arising in the credit transactions and also explains in detail some of the articles of UCP 600 with the proper interpretation. The updated version ISBP 745 involved aligning it with UCP 600, making certain technical adjustments in expression of words such as "in conflict" instead of "inconsistent", etc. Despite the updated ISBP 745, there remains a question. Where the words "from" or "after" are used in regard to something other than a period of shipment or the maturity date of drafts, there is no guidance from the UCP as to its meaning. The party concerned in credit transactions is also required to have a full understanding of ISBP 745 and the articles of UCP 600 in order to acquire the documents preparation and examination facilitating the parties to minimize discrepancies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.407-415
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• 2013

Recently, Interest variety of IT services and computing resources are increasing. As a result, the interest in the security of cloud environments is also increasing. Cloud environment is stored that to provide services to a large amount of IT resources on the Cloud. Therefore, Cloud is integrity of the stored data and resources that such as data leakage, forgery, etc. security incidents that the ability to quickly process is required. However, the existing developed various solutions or studies without considering their cloud environment for development and research to graft in a cloud environment because it has been difficult. Therefore, we proposed wire-wireless integrated Security management Model in cloud environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.62-70
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• 2005

Since the announcement of the Rio Earth Charter in 1992, the Environmental Policy of each country has changed a lot. That is, it aims at compatibility of nature and humans, and preservation and development of environment. It has changed a goal from the past direct regulation and post-treatment to 'sustainable development'. To overcome world-wide environmental problems such as changing global climate, various political means such as economic incentives and pre-prevention policy such as environmentally-friendly productive process, effective use of resources, minimized generation of waste have been developed. As environmental problems which are growing serious began to threat survival of human beings, they must be globally managed rather than by a single country. Therefore, this study is to speculate the EIA System of each country for environmental protection based on such recognition of problems.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

Recently, local governments in Korea are promoting the rapid development of marine for delineating jurisdictional sea area. The importance of a maritime boundary has being emphasized, as jurisdictional sea area disputes among local governments have been increasing. The absence of the delineating standard of maritime boundary has become a source of contention between neighborhood local governments. So the delineating standard of maritime boundary in Korea will be required. The purpose of this study is to derive an improvement plan for the scientific delimitation standard of maritime boundary by analyzing "A hydrographic survey guideline for confirmation of maritime boundary". The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, we defined the concept of the delimitation standard of maritime boundary. Secondly, we set the boundary, factors and processes of the delineating standard of maritime boundary through classifying them in detail. Lastly, we suggested the makeup of a conflict adjustment committee for preventing jurisdictional sea area disputes among local governments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.149-157
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• 2012

Recently, many corporations and public institutions are busy preparing and providing measures in dealing with new privacy information law. This study reviews privacy impact assessments in order to perform preventing and diagnosis against potential threats focus on the K-hospital case. The quality of protection in K-hospital shows that the corporations itself is 79.0, the system is 97.0, the life cycle of the privacy is 67.4 and CCTV is 90.0. The lowest levels are saving and keeping 50.0, usage and offer 64.1 and destruction 66.7 among the life cycle of the privacy. The result of risk analysis shows that the highest levels are controlling for privacy 11.0, saving and keeping 12.5 and destruction 13.0. From the result, dangerous duplications are saving and keeping and destructions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

In order to decrease the area damaged by forest fires and to prevent the occurrence of forest fires, we are making an effort to improve prevention measures for forest fires. This study was conducted to forecast risk regions where forest fires occur based on the factors of forest type and topographic characteristics and predict hazard regions where forest fires is expanded to large-scale forest fire based on the forest type characteristics in Uiseong-Gun. The results of classification of forest fire risk and hazard regions using GIS indicate 4% of the total areas in Uiseong-Gun.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

In this study, a non-halogen type organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant sol, which can impart flame resistance to synthesize silicate of inorganic material and silane coupling agent of organic material by a sol-gel method, were newly manufactured. The addition of flame retardant will prevent loss of life in a fire because smoke from the flammability of interior finishing materials used as the construction materials poses a major danger. The smoke density measurement standard based on flame retardant performance standards, experiments were conducted according to the test equipment and procedures of ASTM E 662. The non-flaming mode experiment and the flaming mode experiment were conducted to confirm the performance of the manufactured flame retardant sol. As a result, the manufactured flame retardant sol improved the physical properties and heat resistance of existing flame retardants, and decreased the smoke production of the fire. Therefore, it may be possible to reduce the damage caused by smoke and expand the applications to various interior finishing materials.