• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2011

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was first introduced sixty years ago in the academic field. However, the phrase CSR was not explicitly stated before the 1990s in Korean business and academic researches. Recently CSR is more considered a corporate strategy than a philanthropic donation. CSR comprises contributions to local communities as well as using environmentally beneficial and humane practices. Sponsoring is one available marketing tactic used in order to communicate with the market. This study of sponsorship has concentrated on developing brand asset by accessing potential values of sporting events or star-players. However, sponsorship includes providing funds or goods to non-profit institutions as well as sports or entertainment organizations. Accordingly corporate community-specific sponsorship is defined as firms offering to provide money, goods and/or services to individuals and/or institutions within a particular community, thus establishing an interdependent relationship between the partners aspiring to gain social and economic assets. National sponsorship is typically targeted toward commonly recognized individuals and/or organizations with the intent to maximize exposure of a sponsor's brand, and is known to positively affect brand equity(community-specific sponsorship is committed to a limited local area) that a firm could benefit from by gaining a specific asset. POSCO sponsors the Jukdo Market, locate dinthe city of Pohang, tohelp revive their traditional market. Inreturn, the Jukdo Market merchant suni on display sflags with the POSCO embleminfrontof stores with in the market intending to make shopper sand merchant saware of POSCO's sponsorship. POSCO has succeeded in acquiring public support from the citizens of Pohang. However, the economic effects resulting from the cooperative relationship between POSCO and the Jukdo Market have yet to be measured by any empirical research. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic effects created by the community-specific sponsorship from the groups of merchants and shoppers, measuring its influence on the corporate image and subsequent brand loyalty, as parts of brand equity. The result of the study shows that the community-specific sponsorship of POSCO of the Jukdo Market had different influences on its corporate image and the brand loyalty of shoppers and merchants. First, the merchant group who was more frequently exposed to POSCO's flag recognized the sponsorship of POSCO more than the shopper group, and, therefore, had a better image of the company. Second, the recognition of POSCO's sponsorship had a positive influence on its corporate image, and that positive corporate image had a positive effect on brand loyalty development. However, the recognition of the sponsorship did not have a direct influence on brand loyalty. The friendly corporate image developed by the recognition of the sponsorship consequently could have had an effect on brand loyalty. Therefore, companies should not relinquish investments to corporate image development if they require more brand loyalty. Third, the influence of corporate image on brand loyalty shows stronger results in the shopper group rather than in the merchant group. Psycho-graphic factors of shoppers and merchants might give rise to the difference between the two groups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2002

Spatial distribution of Phytoplankton Pigment Concentration (PPC) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) around the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) was described, using both Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) images and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images in May, 1980. Water mass in this region can be classified into five categories in the horizontal profile of PPC and SST, nLw (normalized water-leaving radiance) images: (1) coastal cold water region associated with concentrations of dissolved organic material or yellow colored substances and suspended sediments, (2) cold water region of thermal frontal occurred by a combination of phytoplankton absorption and suspended materials, (3) warm water overlay region by the phytoplankton absorption than the suspended materials; (4) warm water region occurred by the low phytoplankton absorption, and (5) offshore region occurred by the high phytoplankton absorption. In particular, the highest PPC (>2.0 mg/m^3) area appeared in the CZCS and AVHRR images with a band shaped distribution of the thermal front and ocean color front region, which is located the coastal cold waters alonB western thermal front of the warm streamer of the EKWC. In this region, the highest PPC occurred by a combination of the high absorption of the phytoplankton (443 nm) and highest reflectance of suspended materials (550 nm). Another high PPC ($\simeq$$6\;mg/m^3$) appeared in the warm water overlay region inside warm streamer. High phytoplankton pigment concentration of this region was corresponding to the short wavelength of 443 nm, which represented phytoplankton absorption of the CZCS image.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Electron is used for the treatment of skin cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer in clinic. Our study is performed to check the isodose distribution in source surface distance(SSD)and source bolus distance(SBD)setup, nipple influence to isodose distribution of electron, junctional area isodose variation of photon and electron field. Materials and Methods : The electron dose distribution measures the diameter for 20 cm hemisphere paraffin phantom 2 made. It inserted the film between 2 paraffin phantom and it investigated it got radiation and dose distribution curve. Results : The 8% of isodose difference is with the surface distance(SSD)and source bolus distance(SBD)setup. The electon when the nipple exists inside the field, as nipple size it cuts the bolus and when it puts out and there is a possibility of getting the dose distribution which is homogeneous. When in the junction of electron and photon it uses the bolus it uses in the electron field whole, there is a possibility of getting the dose distribution which is homogeneous. Conclusion : The dose distribution decrease from the SBD setup. To reduce the influence of nipple, corresponding volume of bolus should be removed. And bolus covering all the electron field reduced hot and cold spot of junctional area of photon. In the future becomes the research which sees an effective electron therapy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.63-77
• /
• 1999

This research was intended to make the writer and the written times of "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang ChobonGuen" clear. Considering the contents of "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang ChobonGuen", it was the manuscripts of "Dongyi Suse Bowon". So it was written by Lee Je-ma and it was written when he was in the late of 40s and the beginning of the 50s. The chapter of "The origin of human being" was the manuscript of the "Dongyi Suse Bowon" and it had many clues to understand the view points to recoginze the human being, and the chapter of "The herbology and The prescription" had many drafts of original prescription of the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". 'Bangang-tang' is the original prescription of 'GyejiBanhaSnggang-tang' of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" and 'GumiChyunMunDong-tang' is the original prescription of 'CheongsimYeonja-tang' of "Dongyi Suse Bowon". Compared with the 'The pharmacology' of "Dongyi Suse Bowon", it showed the order when the pharmacology of each constitution was completed. The pharmacology of Soyangin was completed the early ears of his c1inical experience, and secondly that of Taeumin was completed, and that of Soeumin was completed in the end.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the optimum radiotherapy technique for internal mammary node (IMN) irradiation after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and Methods: We selected ten cases of early stage partial mastectomy for plan comparison. Five of the patients were treated to the right-side breast and the rest of the patients were treated to the left-side breast. For each case, four different treatment plans were made to irradiate the entire breast, IMNs and supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCLs). The four planning techniques include a standard tangential field (STF), wide tangential field (WTF), partially wide tangential field (PWT) and a photon-electron mixed field (PEM). We prescribed a dose of 50.4 Gy to the SCL field at a 3 cm depth and isocenter of the breast field. Results: The dose distribution showed clear characteristics depending on the technique used. All of the techniques covered the breast tissue well. IMN coverage was also good, except for the STF, which was not intended to cover IMNs. For the cases of the left-side breasts, the volume of the heart that received more than 30 Gy was larger (in order) for the WTF, PWT, PEM and STF. For radiation pneumonitis normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), the PWT showed the best results followed by the STF. Conclusion: Despite the variety of patient body shapes, the PWT technique showed the best results for coverage of IMNs and for reducing the lung and heart dose.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.315-336
• /
• 2009

We have studied the orientational characteristics of microcrack frequency, it's length and density in Tertiary crystalline tuff from the northeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin. 134 sets of microcracks on horizontal surfaces of 3 rock samples from Heunghae-eup were distinguished by enlarged photomicrographs of the thin sections. The variability in patterns among microcrack length-frequency histograms for three rock samples from different altitudes were derived. The pattern of histograms changes progressively from negative exponential form to log-normal form in proportion to altitude. The distribution pattern for rock sample no.1 from lower altitude shows the broad length distribution characterized by higher mean and median, and higher standard deviation. Meanwhile, this distribution pattern corresponds with characteristics of joint length distribution in sedimentary rocks of the lower part of the Gyeongsang Supergroup. The occurrence frequency of shorter microcracks increases toward both NW and NE directions from the $N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$, with the dominant direction of $N80{\sim}90^{\circ}W$ and $N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E$, respectively. This distribution pattern represents the relative differences in formation timing among microcrack sets and the result of the new initiation of shorter microcracks. Meanwhile, the longest microcracks within $N60{\sim}70^{\circ}W$($L_{max}$:1.18 mm) and $N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$($L_{max}$:0.80 mm) directions are seen, but this kind of microcracks are very limited in number. Whole domain of the directional angle($\theta$)-frequency(N), length(L) and density($\rho$) chart can be divided into five sections in terms of phases of the distribution of related curves. From the distribution chart, density curve shows five distinct peaks in the WNW-ESE($N70{\sim}80^{\circ}W$), NS~NNE-SSW($N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$, $N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E$), ENE-WSW($N50{\sim}60^{\circ}E$), and nearly EW($N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E$) directions, respectively. Especially, main directions of faults correspond with the directional angle showing high density. Consequently, these distribution patterns of density curve reflect the representative maximum principal stress orientations suggested in previous studies.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.69-93
• /
• 2012

Various influence-related relationships in Social Network Services (SNS) among users, posts, and user-and-post, can be expressed using links. The current research evaluates the influence of specific users or posts by analyzing the link structure of relevant social network graphs to identify influential users. We applied the concept of mutual interactions proposed for ranking semantic web resources, rather than the voting notion of Page Rank or HITS, to blogosphere, one of the early SNS. Through many experiments with network models, where the performance and validity of each alternative approach can be analyzed, we showed the applicability and strengths of our approach. The weight tuning processes for the links of these network models enabled us to control the experiment errors form the link weight differences and compare the implementation easiness of alternatives. An additional example of how to enter the content scores of commercial or spam posts into the graph-based method is suggested on a small network model as well. This research, as a starting point of the study on identifying influential users in SNS, is distinctive from the previous researches in the following points. First, various influence-related properties that are deemed important but are disregarded, such as scraping, commenting, subscribing to RSS feeds, and trusting friends, can be considered simultaneously. Second, the framework reflects the general phenomenon where objects interacting with more influential objects increase their influence. Third, regarding the extent to which a bloggers causes other bloggers to act after him or her as the most important factor of influence, we treated sequential referencing relationships with a viewpoint from that of PageRank or HITS (Hypertext Induced Topic Selection).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.3-21
• /
• 1997

We examined the developmental characteristics of dream, daydream, and hope of elementary school students in their 1st, 3rd, and 5th grades, and studied the correlation between three variables. We summarized the results of this study as follows. 1) The contents of dream developed with the cognitive development and socialization process. In detail, appearance of animals, family members, and known persons gradually decreased, and appearance of self, same-sex peers, and strangers gradually increased. These results are comparable with the previous studies of dream. 2) Daydream, hope, and current state also developed with age. In detail, frequency of daydream increased, and the contents of daydream and hope changed toward more self-centered and more realistic. The changes of current state are thought to reflect the specific situation of Korea. 3) There are some correlation among dream, daydream, and hope. Especially happy mood and fearful mood had positive correlation with the relevant contents of dream, daydream, and hope. Also the contents of dream showed positive correlation with the same contents of daydream. This study is the first trial which investigate the developmental characteristics of dream, daydream, and hope of normal children in Korea. We verified that dream and daydream are on the continuous line of ‘reality-imitation-play-daydream-dream’ Finally, considering the facts that dream developed with age；responded to meaningful emotional experiences；and had the correlation with daydream, hope, and current state, the results of this study support the psychological meaning of dream.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.22-33
• /
• 1997

The objective of this study is to understand disordered parent-child relationships of Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD) systematically through the mother’ internal working model of child. In this study, RAD mothers’internal representations of the child were compared with mothers’of control group and association between mothers’ representation classifications and children’ attachment classifications was examined. Also individual differences in mother-child interaction by mothers’representation classifications was observed. The subjects of this study were 40 2-5 year-old children and their mothers, 20 attachment disordered dyads and 20 normal dyads of control group. Mothers were interviewed using the Working Model of the Child(Zeanah, Benoit & Barton 1986) to classify internal representations of child. Children’ attachment patterns were assessed by the Strange Situation Procedure. For observation of motherchild interaction, Each dyad was seen in DPICS devised by Eyberg and Robinson(1983). The results of the study were as follows：1) Among RAD group, 55% of mothers were classified as disengaged and 45% classified as distorted, while all mothers of control group were classified as balanced. In rating scales, there were significant differences in all 3 representation classifications in Intensity of involvement and Coherence. In Intensity of involvement disengaged representations had the lowest score and distorted representations had the lowest score in Coherence. 2) Mothers’representation classifications were related to children’ attachment classifications. All mothers of control group whose children were classified as secure were classified as balanced. Among RAD’ mothers, by contrast, 82% of mothers classified as disengaged had children classified as anxious-avoidant, 56% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as disorganized / disoriented and 33% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as anxious-resistant. 3) There were individual differences in mother-child interactions by mothers’representation classifications. In the child-centered play, mothers classified as disengaged used discriptive statement, reflective statement and discriptive-reflective question less than balanced mothers. Mothers classified as distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. In the clean-up task, mothers classified as disengaged and distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. The results of this study suggest that parents’working model of the child is an important factor to understand parent-child attachment relationships and their interactions. The understanding of parents’ working model of the child is thought to enrich our understanding of disordered parent-child relationships and to provide useful informations for specific and successful treatments.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.34
• /
• pp.196-243
• /
• 2006

The popularity of Korea pop culture, which called as the name of "Korea wave", has started to spread out in China and other Asian states from late-1990's. The study about "Korea wave" until now, however, have prevailed within an economic point of view. So, I would like to clarify that this dissertation raises a question in exiting argument and explains the identity of "Korea wave" by investigating the details of pop culture contents of Korea, and understanding of chinese receiver. It shows that chinese receiver, watching the movie , has estimated in the affirmative viewpoint after I have analyzed a reply of movie web-site in China. The main features of this analysis prove that there are a lot of good estimation when chinese receiver have seen that movie because it has been well-matched with emotion and fun of story and attraction in the movie. In that order, Some Chinese netizen evaluated that there are some negative point of view as the main actress has a strange and crazy behavior. I have also found that Korea pop culture contents has not given to them good image and chinese receiver had a tendency to view objectively to classify with strength and weakness. Analysis to contrast understanding of Chinese netizen with Korea netizen showed that Korea netizen emphasized fun of story, however, Chinese netizen showed that they had a lot of opinion to be fresh and realistic relatively. In conclusion, I would like herewith to identify that there are some differences between Chinese netizen and Korean netizen after contacting the movie. The reason has showed that understanding about the same object can be a great deal of various consideration in two more diverse cultures which have many different social-cultural and historical situation.