• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2014

The current work investigated the variation of numerical solutions according to the grid number, the distance of the first grid point off the ship surface, turbulence modeling and discretization. The subject vessel is KVLCC. A commercial code, Gridgen V15 and FLUENT were used the generation of the ship hull surface and spatial system and flow computation. The first part of examination, the effect of solutions were accessed depending on the grid number, turbulence modeling and discretization. The second part was focus on the suitable selection of the distance of the first grid point off the ship surface: $Y_P+$. When grid number and discretization were fixed the same value, the friction resistance showed differences within 1 % but the pressure resistance showed big differences 9 % depending on the turbulence modeling. When $Y_P+$ were set 30 and 50 for the same discretization, friction resistance showed almost same results within 1 % according to the turbulence modeling. However, when $Y_P+$ were fixed 100, friction resistance showed more differences of 3 % compared to $Y_P+$ of 30 and 50. Whereas pressure resistance showed big differences of 10 % regardless of turbulence modeling. When turbulence modeling and discretization were set the same value, friction, pressure and total resistance showed almost same result within 0.3 % depending on the grid number. Lastly, When turbulence modeling and discretization were fixed the same value, the friction resistance showed differences within 5~8 % but the pressure resistance showed small differences depending on the $Y_P+$.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze some Korean elementary pre-service teachers' Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching(MKT) and compare the results with those obtained by Kwon, Nam, & Kim(2009), so that we can provide some suggestions to improve education of elementary mathematics subject at Korean teachers colleges. For this purpose, we selected the MKT items on number and operations which were adapted for Korean in-service teachers by Kwon et al. The survey consisting of those items was administered to 88 Korean elementary pre-service teachers at teachers college, J University. The results are the following: First, the respondents, elementary pre-service teachers, showed that they already had a sufficient amount of Content Knowledge(CK) on number and operations, but that their level of Knowledge of Content and Students(KCS) was insufficient. This means we need to strengthen our students' KCS in education of elementary mathematics subject at our teachers colleges. Second, there was a strong correlation, in both CK and KCS, of item difficulty felt by the respondents with that by the Kwon et al's in-service teachers. Third, although the respondents valued the MKT items more than the above-mentioned elementary in-service teachers, about 70% of them said the items were never learned at their college. Furthermore, they had different opinions on some of the items from their counterparts'. The suggestions we get here are we need to first consider the results in improving education of elementary mathematics subject at our teachers colleges and second develop MKT items suitable for the situation of Korean schools and curriculums in order to obtain exact estimations of Korean elementary pre-service teachers' MKT.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2010

Computed tomography (CT) has been established as an important diagnostic tool in clinical medicine and has become a major source of medical exposure. A nationwide survey regarding CT examinations was carried out in 2007. Thanks to the appeasement policy regulating the import of CT scanners, there are 1,825 CT scanners across the country as of the end of March 2010, which means that we have 36.8 CT scanners per one million people. The annual number of examinations was 3.29 million, the number of examinations per 1000 population was 68. The most part of examinations was abdomen and pelvis. and the collective effective dose was in these parts. The effective dose per one population was evaluated as 0.952 mSv.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.435-435
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• 2012

농경지 중에서 밭은 논보다 농약 비료 사용률이 매우 높기 때문에 논에 비해 비점오염물질 배출량이 훨씬 심각한 것으로 조사되고 있어 밭경지 비점오염저감기법 개발 및 체계적인 제어대책 수립이 무엇보다도 절실하다. 현재 선진국을 중심으로 다양하게 제시되고 있는 밭경지 비점오염 제어기법들 중 초생대에 대한 성공적 연구사례 및 적용사례에 대한 자료가 상당히 많이 제시되고 있으나, 우리나라의 경우 초생대를 적용한 밭경지 비점오염저감에 대한 기술개발 및 체계적인 연구가 아직 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 초생대의 현장설치 및 모니터링을 통해 초생대의 비점오염부하 저감효과에 대한 기초조사를 실시하고 우리나라 밭경지에서의 적용가능성을 알아보고자 한다. 초생대 현장 실험을 위한 시험포는 경상북도 군위군 효령면에 위치한 경북대 농생대 부속농장 밭경지 $1,500m^2$ (455평)를 선정하였다. 시험포는 1개의 대조구와 6개의 처리구로 구성하였으며, 각 시험구의 크기는 길이 12m ${\times}$ 폭 4m (초생대 길이 2m ${\times}$ 폭 4m 포함)로 하였다. 초생대 조성을 위한 초종선정은 초생대 조성이 용이하고 관리효율성이 높은 초종으로서 손쉽게 구할 수 있고, 우리나라 기후와 토양특성에 적합하며 초생대 기능에 부합한 것으로 선정하였다. 초생대 시험포장에 재배할 작물은 우리나라 대표 밭작물인 콩으로 선정하였으며, 작물재배를 위한 퇴비, 비료, 제초제 등은 농촌진흥청에서 제시한 표준재배법에 준하여 시용하였다. 초생대 비점오염저감효과를 평가하기 위해서 시험포장에 플륨, 수위계, 강우계 등으로 구성된 모니터링시스템을 설치하였으며, 플륨의 수위-유량 캘리브레이션을 실시하였다. 실험을 위해 2회의 인공강우와 1회의 자연강우에 대한 모니터링을 실시하였다. 그 결과 초생대 조성이 유출률에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 인공강우의 경우 초생대 설치에 따라 유출률의 범위가 14.5~95.8% 정도로 감소되는 현상을 보였으며, 자연강우에서도 6.1~11.3% 정도의 유출률 감소를 보였다. 초생대 시험구별 유출률에 차이를 나타낸 이유는 현장실험시의 시험구별 지면조건과 초생대 초종별 특성(초장, 경경, 밀도 등)의 차이에 기인한 결과로 사료되었다. 비점오염저감효과 측면에서는 기존 밭농사 방식을 그대로 채택한 대조구에 비해 초생대 시험구에서 TS의 경우 15.6~90.3%, T-P의 경우 49.9~87.8%, T-N의 경우 6.7~91.1%의 저감율을 각각 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 초생대 기법이 우리나라 밭경지 비점오염부하를 저감시키는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

This paper presents a channel structure for promising high performance pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor(pHEMT) switching device for design and fabricating of microwave control circuits, such as switches, phase shifters, attenuators, limiters, for application in personal mobile communication systems. Using the designed epitaxial channel layer structure and ETRI's $0.5\mu$m pHEMT switch process, single pole double throw (SPDT) Tx/Rx monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) switch was fabricated for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. The SPDT switch exhibits a low insertion loss of 0.849 dB, high isolation of 32.638 dB, return loss of 11.006 dB, power transfer capability of 25dBm, and 3rd order intercept point of 42dBm at frequency of 5.8GHz and control voltage of 0/-3V These performances are enough for an application to 5 GHz band WLAN systems.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.2 s.175
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• pp.113-124
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• 2007

Low flow is a minimum flow discharging during a dry season in a unregulated stream which can be shared by nature and human being. It is also a standard flow that determines a diversion requirement by evaluating water supply ability of streamflow in the aspect of water use. Low flow indices are used as average low flow and 1-day 10-year low flow in Korea and Japan and as 7-day 10-year low flow in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. In this research, these three indices were compared by the data observed and generated. Although daily records are needed to calculate the low flow, gauging stations are limited and records of the dry season are insufficient in Korea. Drainage-area ratio method is mainly used in Korea to estimate the low flow. This research shows the guideline when the drainage-area ratio method, the regional regression method, and the baseflow correlation method to calculate the low flow of ungauged basins are applied and recommends low flow estimation method suitable to Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

Unusual precipitation caused by typhoons and severe rain stormscan threaten human life and property. Thus, various organizations prepare emergency action plans (EAPs) to provide proper guidelines for operators, experts, and emergency response personnel to protect and enhance critical infrastructure. For example, FEMA and DHS have various types of EAPs for dams, levees, and other structures to protect people and property. FEMA defines EAPs as official documents to decrease the damage and impact in emergency situations and to reduce casualties. These documents should consider all possible situations in an emergency and can reduce problems in facility management. This study analyzes EAPs for infrastructure from the USA, Japan, and Korea in order to suggest an ideal EAP framework. EAPcontent can include how to guide experts and operators in disaster stages (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery), how to operate emergency equipment, and how to protect critical infrastructure and life. The suggested EAP framework performed very well in a test location. It can therefore be used for infrastructure organizations in Korea and to inform of the appropriate processes and methods for risk reduction in flood disasters.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

Hydroxyapatite has osteoconductivity, biocompatibility and noninflammatory, and it has been used clinically as artificial bone. In this study, we prepared hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds using 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 wt% of hydroxyapatite. We analyzed compressive strength, SEM analysis and FTIR for mechanical property of 3D hydroxyapatite/PLGA scaffolds. For biocompatibility tests, cell proliferation and viability were measured via MTT assay and SEM. We analyzed RT-PCR, FACS, histology (H&E, ED-1) for anti-inflammatory effect. This study showed that hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffolds have low inflammatory reaction compared with the PLGA. This result has a potential for the application of artificial bone graft material.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2003

We present a GPS-derived regional ionosphere model, which estimates Total Electron Content (TEC) in a rectangular grid on the spherical shell over Korea. After dividing longitude and latitude over Korea with 1$^{\circ}$$\times$1$^{\circ}$ spatial resolution, the TEC at the vertex of the grid was estimated by the Kalman filter. The GPS data received from nine nationwide GPS stations, operated by Korea Astronomy Observatory (KAO), were used for this study. To reduce inherent noises, the pseudorange data were phase-leveled by a linear combination of pseudoranges and carrier phases. The solar-geomagnetic reference frame, which is less variable to the ionosphere movement due to the Sun and the geomagnetic field than an Earth-fixed frame, was used. During a quiet time of solar activity, the KAO's regional ionosphere map indicated 30-45 Total Electron Content Unit at the peak of the diurnal variation. In comparison with the Global ionosphere Map of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, RMS differences were at the level of 4-5 TECU for five days.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2019

Purpose: Chemically strong-acids (HF and $HCl/H_2SO_4$) dual etching implant surfaces have higher strengths of osseointegration than machined implant surfaces. However, the dual acid treatment deteriorates the physical properties of the titanium by weakening the fatigue resistance of the implant and causing microcracks. The removal torque comparison between the dual-acid etched (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, HS) and single-acid etched implants (hydrochloric acid, H) could reveal the efficiency of implant surface acid treatment. Materials and methods: Nine $3.75{\times}4mm$ dual-acid etched SLA implants and nine single-acid etched SLA implants were inserted into New Zealand rabbit tibias. After 10 days, removal torque, roughness, and wetting angle were measured. Results: Mean removal torque values were as follows: Mean removal torque were 9.94 Ncm for HS group and 9.96 Ncm for H group (P=.995). Mean surface roughness value were $0.93{\mu}m$ for HS group and $0.84{\mu}m$ for H group (P=.170). Root mean square roughness (RSq) values were $1.21{\mu}m$ for HS group and $1.08{\mu}m$ for H group (P=.294), and mean wetting angle values were $99^{\circ}$ for HS group and $98^{\circ}$ for H group (P=.829). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the removal torques, roughness, or wetting angles of the two groups. Conclusion: In this experiment, we found no significant difference in removal torque, roughness, or wetting angle between dual-acid etched and single-acid etched implants.