• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

Recently, as the occurrence of earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or higher in Korea increases, many studies and interests in seismic design are increasing. A lot of damage was caused by the Pohang earthquake in 2017, and port facilities such as a breakwater were also damaged. This study analyzed the dynamic behavior of the upright breakwater, an external facility, based on a centrifugal model experiment. A series of centrifugal model test was conducted by three different seismic waves such as Pohang Earthquake Wave, Artificial Wave I, and II. As a result, the dynamic behavior of upright breakwater was analyzed. The review showed that acceleration amplification tends to be suppressed as breakwater foundation ground increases support and stiffness through DCM reinforcement and riprap replacement.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 1997

This paper discribes the practical application of stability analysis on the revetment structures, and four different sections of revetment structures are considered in this study. As a result of stability analysis, the the section of inclined revetment with T.T.P. block shows the highest safety factor against to the sliding failure of cap concrete block, while the section of inclined revetment with rubble stone shows the highest safety factor against to the straight and circular sliding failure. And the safety factors are increased by increasing of the rigidity of covered materials and by decreasing of the slope angle. For the safety factor of overturnning and bearing capacity, the section of inclined revetment structures shows higher safety factors than the section of vertical structures, and the safety factors are increased by decreasing of the slope angle and by increasing of the bottom width of the structures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1395-1399
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• 2004

절개지사면에 구조물이 설치될 경우 배수압소산과 식생복원을 위해서는 기본적으로 다공성이 뛰어나고 식생의 서식이 가능한 구조물로 설계되어야 하며, 동시에 사면의 안정을 제공해주는 기능을 할 수 있어야 한다. 구조물이 설치될 지역에 Mattress/Filter를 사용할 경우 배수압의 소산과 식생의 활착이 가능한 구조물로 사면의 안정과 식생복원효과를 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 절개지사면에 토목구조물이 설치될 경우 식생의 복원과 구조물의 안정성을 높이기 위한 기법으로 Mattress/Filter에 Slag를 채워서 다공성을 부여함으로써 사면의 배수압소산과 식생촉진 뿐만 아니라 사면의 안정성을 제공해줄 수 있는 구조이다. 특히, Mattress/Filter는 다공성이 뛰어나 자연배수가 가능한 구조물로서 그 구변 생태계에 필수적인 물의 상호교류 즉, 투수와 배수가 가능하고 배수압의 소산이 가능하여 식생복원과 사면안정에 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Mattress옹벽은 배면의 지하수 배제를 촉진시켜 사면의 안정화에 기여하게 되려, 식생의 복원에 뛰어난 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Mattress에서 Fitter의 채움 재료로 산업계기물(Slag) 및 건설폐기물(폐콘크리트, 사석) 등을 재활용할 수 있으므로 Mattress는 채움재료의 비용이 저렴하고 유지관리가 용이하며, 생태계의 보존에도 Mattress/Filter의 사용은 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

In order to cope with the abnormally high waves during the storm surge due to climate change, various methods have been proposed for interlocking adjacent caissons to enhance stability of harbor structures. Among the methods, it was studied the method based on an open-cell caisson having reduction effect increasing the cohesion with adjunction caissons by filling materials such as crushed rocks in an inter-cell formed by two facing open-cells which consist of transverse walls. It is necessary to investigate the shear behaviors of an inter-cell to secure the stability using calculating shear forces on inter-cell under oblique wave loadings. It was analyzed the shear force share ratio with the length of internal and external wall and the number of internal walls. Numerical results show that 60~70% of the shear load is transmitted to adjacent caisson through the internal walls, more than 30% is through the external wall. It was applicable in the assumption that filling materials was uniformly distributed in inter-cells, and further studies were worth consideration on other conditions under construction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.769-777
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• 2019

Low crested coastal structures such as detached breakwaters and submerged breakwaters (artificial reefs) have been commonly used as coastal protection measures. The armour units of these structures are unstable than those in non-overtopped structure cases. The stability of low crested structures armoured by rock has been suggested in existing studies. In this study, the stability of Tetrapods armour units on theses structures has been investigated using two-dimensional hydraulic model tests. The effect of wave steepness and freeboard on the armour stability on crest, front, and the rear slope has been investigated. Armour units were mostly damaged near the upper part of the seaward slope and the crest of the seaward side. From the experimental data, the new empirical formula for the stability coefficients of the Tetrapods was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.270-285
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• 2018

The behavior of wave-induced pore water pressure inside the rubble mound and seabed, and the resultant structure failure are investigated, which are used in design of the composite breakwater representing the coastal and harbor structures. Numerical simulation techniques have been widely used to assess these behaviors through linear and nonlinear methods in many researches. While the combination of strongly nonlinear analytical method and turbulence model have not been applied yet, which can simulate these characteristics more accurately. In this study, olaFlow model considering the wave-breaking and turbulent phenomena is applied through VOF and LES methods, which gives more exact solution by using the multiphase flow analytical method. The verification of olaFlow model is demonstrated by comparing the experimental and numerical results for the interactions of regular waves-seabed and regular waves-composite breakwater-seabed. The characteristics of the spatial distributions of horizontal wave pressure, excess-pore-water pressure, mean flow velocity and mean vorticity on the upright caisson, and inside the rubble mound and seabed are discussed, as well as the relation between the mean distribution of vorticity size and mean turbulent kinetic energy. And the stability of composite breakwater are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.250-250
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• 2022

호안은 유수로부터 제방과 하안을 보호하는 구조물로 태풍 또는 집중호우로 인한 홍수로부터의 안정성이 확보되어야 한다. 일반적으로 호안공법은 강성호안과 연성호안으로 구분되는데 호안재료로써의 기준과 설치 및 유지상태 기준에 따라 다르게 해석되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최근에는 호안공법의 재료의 연결성에 따라 강성호안과 연성호안을 구분짓는다고 언급되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 석재를 사용하고 재료와 기반재의 체결을 통해 연결성을 확보하고 굴요성을 갖게 하는 연성호안공법에 대해 실규모 실험을 계획하였다. 수리 안정성 검토를 위한 실규모 실험은 안동 하천실험센터에서 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 수로는 8°의 경사를 갖는 급경사수로에서 수행하였으며, 수로의 제원은 폭 3m, 길이 30m 의 직사각형 형태의 직선수로로 이루어져 있다. 시험체는 실규모로 제작되며 실험수로 내 2m × 10m 의 제원을 갖는 공간에 제작된 호안공을 크레인을 이용하여 실험수로에 설치하였다. 수리 안정성 실험은 실험대상유량을 단계별로 나누어 점차적으로 증가시키고, 시험체의 이탈, 파괴 등의 큰 변화가 발생(미국 재료시험학회 연결형 콘크리트 블록 시험방법, ASTM D 7277)하였을 경우 실험을 종료하도록 계획하였다. 수리량 측정항목은 유속, 수위 등이 있으며, 호안공 의 물리적 변화는 3D스캐너를 이용하여 설치 전·후 변위를 검토하였다. 총 3회에 걸쳐 실험을 수행하였으며 실험조건에 따라 일부 시험체에서 돌출 또는 침하현상이 발생하기도 하였으나 호안의 손상이나 이탈, 연성기반재의 찢어짐 등 안정정을 저해하는 호안공 시험체의 변화는 발생하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 실험결과 실험수로에서 발생가능한 최대유량인 4.6cms 조건에서 본 호안공법은 약 337.7N/m² 의 소류력을 확보하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1990

불규칙파(不規則波)의 피습(被襲)에 의한 사석제(捨石堤)의 호안공(護岸工)이나 방파제(防波堤)에 대하여 화란(和蘭)이 Delft수이시험소(水理試驗所)에서 종합적(綜合的)인 모형연구(模型硏究)를 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 새로운 안정도(安定度) 공식(公式)을 수립(樹立)하였다. 이들 공식(公式)은 파랑주기(波浪週期), 폭풍지속기간(暴風持續期間) 및 구조물(構造物) 투수성(透水性) 등의 파라미터(媒介變數)가 포함(包含)되어 있으므로 파손(破損)의 정도(程度)가 분명(分明)하여 Hudson형(型) 공식(公式)의 주(主)된 단점(短點)을 해결(解決)하였다. 이들 신공식(新公式)의 개발(開發)은 이전(以前)에도 기술(記述)된바 있으며 본론설(本論說)에는 재론(再論)하지 않는다. 안정도공식(安定度公式)은 파라미터로서 적용(適用)이 가능(可能)한 범위(範圍)가 부여(附與)되었으며, 이들 공식(公式)은 결정론(決定論) 및 확률론적(確率論的) 양자(兩者) 다같이 사용(使用) 방법(方法)이 제시(提示)되어 있다. 결정론적(決定論的) 설계절차(設計節次)는 여러가지지 파라미터의 영향(影響)을 곡선(曲線)으로 나타내어 졌으며 확률론적(確率論的) 설계(設計)는 구조물(構造物)의 내구연수기간내(耐久年數期間內)에 파손도(破損度)의 초과확률(超過確率)을 나타낸 곡선(曲線)으로 되어있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.121-127
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• 2003

Wave overtopping is one of the most important hydraulic responses of breakwater because it significantly affects its functional efficiency, the safety of transit and mooring on the rear side, wave transmission in the sheltered area, rear side armor stones and to some extent, the structural safety itself. In this study, hydraulic model tests has been carried out to investigate the influence of berm's size on overtopping rate by maximum overtopping rate and mean overtopping rate. The hydrodynamic characteristics of berm breakwater by the overtopping rate can be summarized as follows: 1. It is better to use maximum overtopping rate than to use mean overtopping rate for design of coastal structures in the point of view of stability. 2. When construct berm to decrease energy of waves that it was needed to make breaking conditions of wave on the berm. 3. Under the relative length of berm was over 0.13 overtopping rate was significantly decreased. 4. Overtopping rate affected significantly by the relative length of yhe berm than height of the berm.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.spc3
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• pp.347-351
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• 2003

A new approach to reliability analysis of rubble mound breakwater using neural network is proposed. At first, a neural network model which can estimate the stability number of any breakwaters for some design conditions is trained. Then, the neural network model is integrated with Monte Carlo simulation technique in order to calculate probability of failure for the breakwater. The proposed technique is compared with conventional approach using empirical formula.