• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2017

The aim of this paper was to provide basic data on revitalizing traditional markets in 389 undergraduate students who had purchased foods sold at a traditional market in order to understand the current state of usage of traditional market foods and to analyze degree of importance and satisfaction. From September 2015 to November 2015, questionnaires were filled out by respondents. Of the 389 questionnaires that were returned, 343 were used while 46 were discarded as incomplete. In the traditional market, high popularity was detected in foods such as 'Hotteok', 'stir-fried rice cake', 'Korean sausage', and so on in that order, which were mainly simple foods. There was a tendency that 'taste', 'hygiene', 'price', and 'quality' were considered as important, all of which scored more than 4 points for all residence types. In the difference analysis of the degree of satisfaction and importance in traditional market foods according to residence types, degree of importance was much higher than that of satisfaction for all selective attributes. In the results of ISA analysis for attributes of traditional market foods, those selling food in the second quadrant need to make more effort to improve 'hygiene' and 'quality' of food.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.200-213
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• 2016

This study is to compare the differences in food quality between traditional Korean restaurants and Western-style restaurants, and then to identify the shortcomings as traditional Korean food prefered than western food. The object of this study is not only to provide the basic data of the domestic food service industry to enable the traditional food ingredients but also increase the sales produced in the farm and fishing economy. Western-style and traditional Korean restaurant food quality were subjected to an IPA analysis to understand the importance and satisfaction with each of them. The IPA analysis of Western-style restaurants and traditional Korean restaurants showed that using regional specialties ingredients, healthy food, and the number of dishes in a set menu were commonly included in the first quadrant. Menu planners of Korean restaurants in should consider the need to develop traditional food using regional ingredients prepared by a reputable chef from the region, and develop delicious healthy food using local specialties without artificial flavors. In addition, considering the demographic characteristics, the ideal food should target visitors in their 40s who with 300~400,000 to spend with friends or colleagues.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate smartphone addition and sensory processing character depend on gender for occupational therapy (OT) students, and to identify the correlation between smartphone addiction and sensory processing feature. Methods : Participants of this study were 168 (70 male/90 female) students majoring occupational therapy. Measurements in this study were a questionnaire about general information of subject, smartphone addiction scale, and adult/adolescent sensory profile. Data collection period was from November 2017 to March 2018. Methods for the data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Pearson correlation of SPSS 22.0. Results : In term of the purpose of using smartphone, majority response was communication and gaming ranked in next. There were difference between male and female in the total smartphone addition, cyberspace-oriented relationship, withdrawal and tolerance. The result showed that all sensory processing are related with total smartphone addition (r = .236 ~ .603) for man. And for women, total smartphone addition is little related with the taste/smell processing (r= .290), visual processing (r= .324), touch processing (r= .214), low registration (r= .214), sensory sensitivity (r= .243), and sensory avoiding (r= .217). Conclusion : This study found that there is difference between male and female in terms of relation between smartphone addition and sensory processing feature according for occupational therapy students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2019

Though, fishing vessel accidents account for 70 % of all maritime accidents in Korean waters, most research has focused on identifying causes and developing mitigation policies in an attempt to reduce this rate. However, predicting and evaluating accident risk needs to be done before the implementation of such reduction measures. For this reasons, we havve performed a risk analysis to calculate the risk of accidents and propose a risk criteria matrix with 4 quadrants, within one of which forecasted risk is plotted for the relative comparison of risks. For this research, we considered 9 types of fishing vessel accidents as reported by Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST). Given that no risk evaluation criteria have been established in Korea, we established a two-dimensional frequency-consequence grid consisting of four quadrants into which paired frequency and consequence for each type of accident are presented. With the simple structure of the evaluation model, one can easily verify the effect of frequency and consequence on the resulting risk within each quadrant. Consequently, these risk evaluation results will help a decision maker employ more realistic risk mitigation measures for accident types situated in different quadrants. As an application of the risk evaluation matrix, accident types were further analyzed using accident causes including human error (factor) and appropriate risk reduction options may be established by comparing the relative frequency and consequence of each accident cause.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2023

This study examines the fundamental frequency(f0) distribution of 2,740 Korean speakers in a dialogue speech corpus. Praat and R were used for the collection and analysis of acoustical f0 data after removing extreme values considering the interquartile f0 range of the intonational phrases produced by each individual speaker. Results showed that the average f0 value of all speakers was 185 Hz and the median value was 187 Hz. The f0 data showed a positively skewed distribution of 0.11, and the kurtosis was -0.09, which is close to the normal distribution. The pitch values of daily conversations varied in the range of 238 Hz. Further examination of the male and female groups showed distinct median f0 values: 114 Hz for males and 199 Hz for females. A t-test between the two groups yielded a significant difference. The skewness representing the distribution shape was 1.24 for the male group and 0.58 for the female group. The kurtosis was 5.21 and 3.88 for the male and female groups, and the male group values appeared leptokurtic. A regression analysis between the median f0 and age yielded a slope of 0.15 for the male group and -0.586 for the female group, which indicated a divergent relationship. In conclusion, a normative f0 distribution of different Korean age and sex groups can be examined in the conversational speech corpus recorded by a massive number of participants. However, more rigorous data might be required to define a relation between age and f0 values.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 2009

Purpose: Recognize circulation work system and fixing work system's merits and demerits that is enforced in operation of PET/CT center in sudden increase recently. Wish to estimate connectivity degree of individual exposure dose and PET/CT working that is managed periodically through this and look for operation efficiency of PET/CT center. Materials and Methods: (1) Find interrelationship of length of service to be individual exposure dose and PET/CT through TLD interpretation. Specially, evaluate on the basis of data of 2.5 years until 2 quarters 2006~2008 year that show patient increase rapidly the latest. (2) Recognize what countermeasure is evaluating problems happened at circulation work system and fixing work system. Results: Patient examination's number was 14,674 items until 2 quarters 2006~2008 year, and the $^{18}F$-FDG average injection amount was 461.5 MBq. 2 people of 10 radiotechnologist did fixing work PET area and GAMMA area each, and 8 people did circulation work of 3 times for 2.5 years. Average exposure dose that PET area and Gamma area's circulation men in service receive was 1.32 mSv, and PET area men in services came out average 0.825 mSv high than Gamma area men in services. Nurse's exposure dose is 0.28 mSv, and next 2 reason is conjectured. One is contact with patient that medicate $^{18}F$-FDG injection, and another is consultation about patient's next time schedule after examination end. Although exposure dose's amount is not much, is expected to consider continuation work possibility by exposure dose in case is a nurse with pregnancy possibility. Also, $^{131}I$-isotope therapy area's radiotechnologist that use capsule appeared by 0.12 mSv and a nuclear medicine doctor appeared by exposure dose that is less of 0.11 mSv. Conclusions: In case do PET/CT center circulation work after a long time, connoted danger that most men in service is consecutiveness deficiency of business and individual exposure dose increase at early 1 month. Specially, way for individual exposure dose's decrease should be considered. Also, need to evaluate abhorrent work form for efficient work system introduction, and enforce circulation and fixing work suggestion suitable shift working. Finally, must make normalized business guide and so on to prevent circulation work people's business efficiency decline.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

$SF_6$ (Sulfur hexafluoride) possesses high GWP (Global Warming Potential) as sepcified by the IPCC (Intergonvernmental Panel of Climate Change). Recently, the recovery-separtion of $SF_6$ research area, including permeation properties studies using various membrane's materials and the practical operation of recovery-separtion using membrane of waste $SF_6$ gas is in the initial state. The separation efficiency of a single $SF_6$ and waste $SF_6$ mixture was evaluated using a PSF (polysulfone), PC (tetra-bromo polycarbonate) and PI (polyimide) hollow fiber membranes. According to the results of single gases permeation properties, PI membrane has the highest permselectivity of $N_2$ gas in $N_2/SF_6$ gas. Under the condition of P=0.5 MPa, the highest concentration of recovered $SF_6$ is 95.6 vol % in the separation experiment of $SF_6/N_2$ mixture gas by PC membrane. Under the operation pressure of P=0.3 MPa at a fixed retentate flow rate fixed of 150 cc/min, the maximum recovery efficiency of $SF_6$ is up to 97.8% by PSF membrane. From the results above, it is thought that the separation and recovery technique of $SF_6$ gas using membrane will be used as the representative eco-technology in the $SF_6$ gas treatment in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 1974

The author intended to investigate external and internal changes in the cone structure, changes in water content, sugar, fat and protein during the period of seed maturation which bears a proper germinability. The experimental results can be summarized as in the following. 1. Male flowers 1) Pollen-mother cells occur as a mass from late in April to early in May, and form pollen tetrads through meiosis early and middle of May. Pollen with simple nucleus reach maturity late in May. 2) Stamen number of a male flower is almost same as the scale number of cone and is 69-102 stamens. One stamen includes 5800-7300 pollen. 3) The shape is round and elliptical, both of a pollen has air-sac with $80-91{\mu}$ in length, and has cuticlar exine and cellulose intine. 4) Pollen germinate in 68 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ with distilled water of pH 6.0, 2% sugar and 0.8% agar. 2. Female flowers 1) Ovuliferous scales grow rapidly in late April, and differentiation of ovules begins early in May. Embryo-sac-mother cells produce pollen tetrads through meiosis in the middle of May, and flower in late May. 2) The pollinated female flowers show repeated divisions of embryo-sac nucleus, and a great number of free nuclei form a mass for overwintering. Morphogenesis of isolation in the mass structure takes place from the middle of March, and that forms albuminous bodies of aivealus in early May. 3. Formation of pollinators and embryos. 1) Archegonia produce archegonial initial cells in the middle and late April, and pollinators are produced in the late April and late in early May. 2) After pollination, Oespore nuclei are seen to divide in the late May forming a layer of suspensor from the diaphragm in early June and in the middle of June. Thus this happens to show 4 pro-embryos. The organ of embryos begins to differentiate 1 pro-embryo and reachs perfect maturation in late August. 4. The growth of cones 1) In the year of flowering, strobiles grow during the period from the middle of June to the middle of July, and do not grow after the middle of August. Strobiles grow 1.6 times more in length 3.3 times short in diameter and about 22 times more weight than those of female flower in the year of flowering. 2) The cones at the adult stage grow 7 times longer in diameter, 12-15 times shorter diameter than those of strobiles after flowering. 3) Cone has 96-133 scales with the ratio of scale to be 69-80% and the length of cone is 11-13cm. Diameter is 5-8cm with 160-190g weight, and the seed number of it is 90-150 having empty seed ratio of 8-15%. 5. Formation of seed-coats 1) The layers of outer seed-coat become most for the width of $703{\mu}$ in the middle of July. At the adult stage of seed, it becomes $550-580{\mu}$ in size by decreasing moisture content. Then a horny and the cortical tissue of outer coats become differentiated. 2) The outer seed-coat of mature seeds forms epidermal cells of 3-4 layers and the stone cells of 16-21 layers. The interior part of it becomes parenchyma layer of 1 or 2 rows. 3) Inner seed-coat is formed 2 months earlier than the outer seed-coat in the middle of May, having the most width of inner seed-coat $667{\mu}$. At the adult stage it loses to $80-90{\mu}$. 6. Change in moisture content After pollination moisture content becomes gradually increased at the top in the early June and becomes markedly decreased in the middle of August. At the adult stage it shows 43~48% in cone, 23~25% in the outer seed-coat, 32~37% in the inner seed-coat, 23~26% in the inner seed-coat and endosperm and embryo, 21~24% in the embryo and endosperm, 36~40% in the embryos. 7. The content compositions of seed 1) Fat contents become gradually increased after the early May, at the adult stage it occupies 65~85% more fat than walnut and palm. Embryo includes 78.8% fat, and 57.0% fat in endosperm. 2) Sugar content after pollination becomes greatly increased as in the case of reducing sugar, while non-reducing sugar becomes increased in the early June. 3) Crude protein content becomes gradually increased after the early May, and at the adult stage it becomes 48.8%. Endosperm is made up with more protein than embryo. 8. The test of germination The collected optimum period of Pinus koraiensis seeds at an adequate maturity was collected in the early September, and used for the germination test of reduction-method and embryo culture. Seeds were taken at the interval of 7 days from the middle of July to the middle of September for the germination test at germination apparatus.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.142-162
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• 2015

The purpose of this study are to provide the basic data materials and implementations for successful performance of electric-work field representatives of South Korean firms by identifying their roles and competency and examining their educational need. For this research purposes, three phased analysis was followed on: (1) the roles of electric-work field representatives, (2) competency of electric-work field representatives and (3) educational need for their competency. This research method was to conduct a focus group interview for 10 expert field representatives along with survey. The collected data materials were processed by MS Excel and SPSS 21.0 for statistical analysis including average, standard deviation and other basic statistics; the gap in awareness of field representatives; and need values. For the needs analysis, the difference between significance of field representatives' competency and current status was examined by t test. And the awareness gap between competency importance and current status was identified based on the Borich equation. The Locus for Focus model was employed herein to identify the kinds of competency with high importance and high inconsistency to prioritize. As a result, this research has found as follows: first, the roles of field representatives were found to be in 13 different kinds of roles. Second, electric-work field representatives were found to need to have 16 different skills. Third, regarding the 16 abilities, the gap between current status and significance was analyzed herein. The results showed statistically significant differences in all cases. The Borich needs analysis found the first required ability was communication ability followed by power of execution, conflict management ability, analytical thinking and time management ability. Also, the results of Locus for Focus model analysis displayed that the first quadrant(HH) included 7 highly-demanded abilities of communication ability, analytical thinking, decision making ability, specialty, time management ability, power of execution and drive for work implementation. The top-priority group was found to have 5 items of communication ability, analytical thinking, time management ability, power of execution and drive for work implementation which were commonly seen in the Locus for Focus model outcomes. Based on these findings, this research could identify the roles and competency of electric-work field representatives and provide the basic data materials applicable to future personal management of electricity companies including recruitment, division of work, job description, evaluation, etc. Also this research offered guidelines on demanded abilities in the field and where to place priority. The kinds of abilities with high educational demand as found in this research must be considered in designing educational programs for the competency building of field representatives. This research is expected to provide useful information in developing such educational programs for field representatives.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.240-255
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlates of bone mineral density of Korean adults. Methods: This study was based on the data from the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010~2011) V. Among 8,473 subjects of the survey, who were adults 19 years old or over with bone mineral density data, the current study excluded those whose data include a missing study variable or the response of 'I don't know', and finally analyzed the data of 5,986 subjects (2,692 males and 3,294 females). This study employed the following statistical methods of analysis: t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and hierarchical multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: In multivariate analysis, in the case of men, the significant associated factors in bone mineral density were age, education level, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total muscle mass, exercise, and weight control; in the case of women, the significant associated factors in bone mineral density were age, education level, economic activity, BMI, total muscle mass, exercise, weight control. fat intake, uptake female hormone, menopause, and age of menarche. Conclusion: For both sexes, the strongest modifiable factor in influencing bone mineral density was total muscle mass. Therefore, to prevent osteoporosis and promote health, active health education and interventions such as regular exercise for total muscle mass increase should be implemented from an early growth period.