• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2013

This study investigates the case of clinical application for TomoDirect 3D-CRT(TD-3D) and TomoHelical 3D-CRT(TH-3D) with evaluating dose distribution for clinical application in each case. Treatment plans were created for 8 patients who had 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy using TD-3D and TH-3D mode. Each patients were treated for sarcoma, CSI(craniospinal irradiaion), breast, brain, pancreas, spine metastasis, SVC syndrome and esophagus. DVH(dose volume histogram) and isodose curve were used for comparison of each treatment modality. TD-3D shows better dose distribution over the irradiation field without junction effect because TD-3D was not influenced by target length for sarcoma and CSI case. In breast case, dosimetric results of CTV, the average value of D 99%, D 95% were $49.2{\pm}0.4$ Gy, $49.9{\pm}0.4$ Gy and V 105%, V 110% were 0%, respectively. TH-3D with the dosimetric block decreased dose of normal organ in brain, pancreas, spine metastasis case. SCV syndrome also effectively decreased dose of normal organ by using dose block to the critical organs(spinal cord <38 Gy). TH-3D combined with other treatment modalities was possible to boost irradiation and was total dose was reduced to spinal cord in esophagus case(spinal cord <45 Gy, lung V 20 <20%). 3D-CRT using Tomotherapy could overcomes some dosimetric limitations, when we faced Conventional Linac based CRT and shows clinically proper dose distribution. In conclusion, 3D-CRT using Tomotherapy will be one of the effective 3D-CRT techniques.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.514-525
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• 2005

The most important factor in providing education to gifted students as well as to students in general are the teachers themselves. However, at present in Korea, most of the teachers in charge of education for the gifted are educated by in-service training programs only for a short period of time. It is doubtful whether the teachers, who have taught ordinary students in general, can teach gifted students effectively only after completing such a short course. This research investigated the relationship between the teachers' beliefs about educating the gifted and the teachers' classroom practices in a Science Academy through case studies. The guiding questions for this study are as follows: First, what beliefs do the participating teachers have about education for the gifted? Second, how are the participants' beliefs reflected in their classroom practices? Of the five participants, two are physics teachers, two are biology teachers, and one is an earth science teacher. I observed and videotaped four classroom practices for each participant and conducted an in-depth interview with each participant. Further data were collected through e-mails with the participants. All data were carefully transcribed and analyzed. The results are as follows: Beliefs about education for the gifted do not exist independently, and form a belief system connecting with beliefs about teaching and learning, and subject matter. And the belief systems of participants can be divided into "student-centered," "teacher-centered," and "conflict chaos." In the classes of the participants who have "student-centered" belief system, students' questions or opinions played an important role and the participation structure in the classroom was determined by the students. On the contrary, participants who have "teacher-centered" belief system focused on teaching contents as much as possible in their classes. These teachers played a heavy role and formed a participation structure where students depended on their teacher's intellectual authority and therefore participated in their class passively. A participant who have "conflict chaos" belief did not form a firm belief system yet, and traditional beliefs about teaching and learning were reflected a lot in her classes. The research results imply teachers' beliefs play an important role in classroom practices and beliefs about teaching and learning and subject matter as well as beliefs about education for the gifted are important factors for teachers who guide gifted students. Additionally, I make some suggestions for the improvement of teacher education for the gifted.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.939-947
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• 2015

For secondary school teachers who attended 'A Social Constructionism Science Teacher Training Program', we analyzed their processes of cognizance change as well as whether they put its results into practice in the field of education, so as to find out the efficacy of the program. 'A Social Constructionism Science Teacher Training Program' consists of three phases based on La main ${\grave{a}}$ la $p{\hat{a}}te$, a French experience-oriented science education program. In its first phase, a study of the philosophy of La main ${\grave{a}}$ la $p{\hat{a}}te$ was made, together with a search for examples of creativity education. In its second and third stages, real education programs were developed for designated themes and free themes, respectively, and then discussions were made. It was a ten-session program, with each session comprising a four-hour sub-program. All activities were both visually and orally recorded, while the participants were asked to write reflective journals for each class. An additional survey and interview were conducted six months later to check if the seven selected secondary school teachers put the results of the program into practice. It was found that changes may be made in the beliefs of teachers with the introduction of theories in teacher indoctrination, but the acquisition of practical knowledge that can be implemented in actual classes may be effectively secured by demonstrations and practice sessions. It was concluded that indoctrination should be conducted to lead participants to the level of practical planning from the level of mere belief so that the theories might actually be put into practice in the education field.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-31
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• 2017

Modern businesses are adopting new technologies to serve their markets better as well as to improve efficiency and productivity. The advertising industry has continuously experienced disruptions from the traditional channels (radio, television and print media) to new complex ones including internet, social media and mobile-based advertising. This case study focuses on proposing intelligent advertising business model in Seoul's metro network. Seoul has one of the world's busiest metro network and transports a huge number of travelers on a daily basis. The high number of travelers coupled with a well-planned metro network creates a platform where marketers can initiate engagement and interact with both customers and potential customers. In the current advertising model, advertising is on illuminated and framed posters in the stations and in-car, non-illuminated posters, and digital screens that show scheduled arrivals and departures of metros. Some stations have digital screens that show adverts but they do not have location capability. Most of the current advertising media have one key limitation: space. For posters whether illuminated or not, one space can host only one advert at a time. Empirical literatures show that there is room for improving this advertising model and eliminate the space limitation by replacing the poster adverts with digital advertising platform. This new model will not only be digital, but will also provide intelligent advertising platform that is driven by data. The digital platform will incorporate location sensing, e-commerce, and mobile platform to create new value to all stakeholders. Travel cards used in the metro will be registered and the card scanners will have a capability to capture traveler's data when travelers tap their cards. This data once analyzed will make it possible to identify different customer groups. Advertisers and marketers will then be able to target specific customer groups, customize adverts based on the targeted consumer group, and offer a wide variety of advertising formats. Format includes video, cinemagraphs, moving pictures, and animation. Different advert formats create different emotions in the customer's mind and the goal should be to use format or combination of formats that arouse the expected emotion and lead to an engagement. Combination of different formats will be more effective and this can only work in a digital platform. Adverts will be location based, ensuring that adverts will show more frequently when the metro is near the premises of an advertiser. The advertising platform will automatically detect the next station and screens inside the metro will prioritize adverts in the station where the metro will be stopping. In the mobile platform, customers who opt to receive notifications will receive them when they approach the business premises of advertiser. The mobile platform will have indoor navigation for the underground shopping malls that will allow customers to search for facilities within the mall, products they may want to buy as well as deals going on in the underground mall. To create an end-to-end solution, the mobile solution will have a capability to allow customers purchase products through their phones, get coupons for deals, and review products and shops where they have bought a product. The indoor navigation will host intelligent mobile-based advertisement and a recommendation system. The indoor navigation will have adverts such that when a customer is searching for information, the recommendation system shows adverts that are near the place traveler is searching or in the direction that the traveler is moving. These adverts will be linked to the e-commerce platform such that if a customer clicks on an advert, it leads them to the product description page. The whole system will have multi-language as well as text-to-speech capability such that both locals and tourists have no language barrier. The implications of implementing this model are varied including support for small and medium businesses operating in the underground malls, improved customer experience, new job opportunities, additional revenue to business model operator, and flexibility in advertising. The new value created will benefit all the stakeholders.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.249-269
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• 2020

Recently, as the online market has matured, it is facing many problems to prevent the growth. The most common problem is the homogenization of online products, which fails to increase the number of customers any more. Moreover, although the portion of the online market has increased significantly, it now becomes essential to expand offline for further development. In response, many online firms have recently sought to expand their businesses and marketing channels by securing offline spaces that can complement the limitations of online platforms, on top of their existing advantages of online channels. Based on their competitive advantage in terms of analyzing large volumes of customer data utilizing information technologies (e.g., big data and artificial intelligence), they are reinforcing their offline influence as well through this online for offline (O4O) business model. On the other hand, most of the existing research has primarily focused on online to offline (O2O) business model, and there is still a lack of research on O4O business models, which have been actively attempted in various industrial fields in recent years. Since a few of O4O-related studies have been conducted only in an experience marketing setting following a case study method, it is critical to conduct an empirical study on O4O selection attributes and their impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, focusing on China's representative O4O business model, 'Fresh Hema,' this study attempts to identify some key selection attributes specialized for O4O services from the customers' viewpoint and examine the impact of these attributes on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) with 300 O4O (Fresh Hema) experienced customers, reveal that, out of seven O4O selection attributes, four (mobile app quality, mobile payment, product quality, and store facilities) have an impact on customer satisfaction, which also leads to customer loyalty (reuse intention, recommendation intention, and brand attachment). This study would help managers in an O4O area well adapt to rapidly changing customer needs and provide them with some guidelines for enhancing both customer satisfaction and loyalty by allocating more resources to more significant selection attributes, rather than less significant ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1558-1566
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine dietitians' perception of importance about standards of foodservice management associated with long-term care hospital accreditation. This study was carried out through a postal survey consisting of 500 questionnaires, and 157 returned questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. The results were summarized as follows. Average scores of perception of importance were 4.54/5 points in foodservice production management domain, 4.56/5 points in foodservice facilities management domain, and 4.70/5 points in foodservice sanitation domain. The average scores of importance of long-term care hospitals without accreditation were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of hospitals with accreditation in items of 'establishment of ventilation equipment in kitchen', 'establishment of hand-washstand in toilet (warm-water, soap)', 'setup of sterilizing foothold in entrance of kitchen and toilet', 'division and use of knife, chopping board, gloves, and utensils before and after cook', 'establishment of cleaning plan and cyclic practice', and 'recording of receiving diary'. Results indicate that there is a need to supplement a casebook of regulations by suggesting detailed and critical limits in the case of below average points of importance. A manual, including HACCP standards for foodservice management of long-term care hospitals, is needed, along with education and webpage for comparing notes on accreditation of long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze restoration techniques of traditional garden sites targeted Korean, Chinese, Japanese palace garden. Restoration was divided into the restore foundation and restore individual elements depending on the residual state of the actual garden features. And derived characteristics that should be considered by conservation techniques. The results are as follows; First, the Wanfo Pavilion Area in Beihai Park where the foundation and foundation stones were restored based on the relevant literature and comparative analysis. The Archaeological Site in Gwanbuk-ri, Buyeo restored only the remaining structures of the ponds, waterways and large buildings among the areas where the excavation was completed. The Second Daigokuden Garden in Heijokyo Palace restored building sites and foundation, and installed poles and piles so that the area of the Second Daigokuden Garden could be known. Second, Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, Gyeongju where the restoration of individual elements was made, preemptively restored the remains of traditional gardens based on pond garden estuaries and feedbacks that were confirmed through initial excavation. Huanghuazhen Area in Yuanmingyuan Garden was restored based on Western copper plate prints and related records, but further data found after the restoration confirmed that it was restored differently than it is now. East Palace Garden in Heijokyo Palace covered existing features with soil and restored buildings on them. Typical garden elements such as landscape stone and waterways were preserved and exposed. Third, foundation restore is a case in which the base is identified through the current state of the traditional garden site, it is important to restore the foundation first and secure the territoriality when there is no restoration plan for the elevation structure or size of the garden relics. Restoration of individual garden elements requires careful examination of the literature by limiting the restoration of objects that can be restored through the examination of the literature for each element, such as some buildings or facilities in the traditional garden site.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.779-788
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• 2014

This study, as a case where the environmental conflict and dispute arose between the use and the conservation as in the other protected areas in Korea, took the first step to build ecological citizenship to solve various and complicated issues in a fundamental level by providing a basic information on differentiated environmental perceptions of the locality and the visitors of Seoraksan National Park. The questionnaire survey was employed on September 6th and 7th with 150 residents of the park area and 200 visitors of Osaek-Daechungbong trail. Total number of 13 survey questions was introduced using Dunlap and Liere's NEP index. The result shows that the perception of 'balance of nature' was more dominant to the perception of 'humans over nature' and the perception to the 'limits to growth' was also somewhat positive in both groups. The differences in environmental perceptions between the groups exist; the visitor group tended to have more positive level of acceptance of NEP views. Such differences in perceptions suggest that a different normative approach should be taken to the residents of the national park with less pro-environment in their perceptions when policy making. It thus seemed possible that ecological citizenship could be realized since the younger and the higher education level are, the more pro-environment. The findings of the research may cause some concerns however, because the study has been confined as a case study with basic understanding of environmental perceptions and its differences between the interest groups. More extensive research is required to confirm if this is generalized.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.101-125
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• 2002

A lake seismic survey was carried out to investigate possible geohazards for construction of the underground LPG storage at Namyang Lake. The proposed survey site has a land-lake combined geography and furthermore water depth of the lake is shallow. Therefore, various seismic methods such as marine single channel high resolution seismic reflection survey, sonobuoy refraction survey, land refraction survey and land-lake combined refraction survey were applied. Total survey amounts are 34 line-km of high resolution lake seismic survey, 14 lines of sonobuoy refraction survey, 890 m of land refraction survey and 8 lines of land-lake combined refraction survey. During the reflection survey, there were severe water reverberations from the lake bottom obscured subsurface profiling. These strong multiple events appeared in most of the survey area except the northern and southern area near the embankment where seems to be accumulated mainly mud dominated depositions. The sonobuoy refraction profiles also showed the same Phenomena as those of reflection survey. Meanwhile the results of the land-lake combined refraction survey showed relatively better qualities. However, the land refraction survey did not so due to low velocity soil layer and electrical noise. Summarized results from the lake seismic survey are that acoustic basement with relatively flat pattern appeared 30m below water level and showed three types of bedrock such as fresh, moderately weathered and weathered type. According to the results of the combined refraction survey, a velocity distribution pattern of the lake bottom shows three types of seismic velocity zone such as >4.5 km/s, 4.5-4.0km/s and <4.0km/s. The major fault lineament in the area showed NW-SE trend which was different from the Landsat image interpretation. A drilling was confirmed estimated faults by seismic survey.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

Food-Health indicators have been developed and utilized internationally in the 'Food' domain of environment and health indicators. In Korea, however, Food Safety Health Indicators which are in the introductory stage had been developed separately from Environmental Health Indicators. The aim of the current study is to suggest feasible applications of the domestic Food Safety Health Indicators as a case study. We introduced 3 possible applications which are as follows: 1) production of two types of Integrated Food Safety Health Index; 2) conduction of correlation analysis between the Integrated Food Safety Health Index and Food Safety Health Indicators; 3) conduction of regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the Integrated Food Safety Health Index and socioeconomic status. As a result, we provided the calculated Integrated Food Safety Health Index I and Integrated Food Safety Health Index II, which represents the regional food safety level in relative and absolute terms, respectively. Integrated Food Safety Health Index I was significantly correlated with the outbreaks of food-borne diseases (caused by Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp. and unknown cause) and incidence of E.coli infections. Integrated Food Safety Health Index II significantly decreased as the proportion of foreigners and women increased, and increased as the population density increased. Utilization of such Integrated Food Safety Health Indicators may be helpful in understanding the overall domestic food safety level and identifying the indicators which must be considered with priorities to enhance the food safety levels regionally and domestically. Furthermore, analyzing the association between Integrated Food Safety Health Index and factors other than food safety could be useful in conducting risk management and identifying susceptible populations. Food Safety Health Indicators can be useful in other applications, and may serve as a supporting material in establishing or modifying policy plans to enhance food safety. Therefore, keen interests by researchers accompanied by further studies on food safety health indicators are needed.