• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.132-138
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to infer the parameters of forest stand growth functions of STEMS for Cryptomeria japonica stands of Jeju Hannam Experimental Forest, Korea Forest Research Institute, and to investigate the effects of thinning regimes on the patterns of stand growth and carbon absorption. The forest stand growth functions for the potential diameter growth, modifier, crown ratio and mortality are the major ones composing the independent-tree/distance-free forest stand growth simulator, STEMS. The parameters were inferred using the sets of growth data obtained from stem analyses of 39 trees, chosen from 13 sample plots of the forest stands. The effects of thinning regimes on the patterns of stand growth and carbon absorption were investigated by simulating the stand growth patterns of the case study stand with 3 different thinning regimes: no-thinning, early thinning with low intensity and late thinning with high intensity using the simulator. According to the results of the analyses, the different thinning regimes cause significant effects on the growth patterns of average DBH, average height, diameter distribution and stand volume as well as the amount of carbon absorptions.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.317-332
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest an effective plan for teaching the definition of prism by integrating and analyzing the theories related to the instruction of definitions. The subjects in this study to realize these objectives were as follows. First, it looks to theoretical backgrounds regarding the instruction of the definition of solid by functions of definition in mathematics education. Second, it explores the instructional way to form the definition of solid through function of definition, by analyzing the unit of solid in the 6th grade. Third, after conducting the real practice with the 5th graders who before learn solid in 6th curriculum, according to plan of instruction, it examined student's response and testify its effectiveness, and then propose a teaching scheme which is designed to be useful based on the outcomes. In terms of theoretical background, it investigated the precedent research in relation to the instruction of the definition that mathematical definition is not given perfectly but the process of making knowledge that mathematization activity is necessary. It investigated the effects of the instruction of definitions, based on the effects of teaching and interviews with the 5th graders, and analysis of student's handout. The followings were the results of this study. First, 'Making Definitions' activities through remove counterexample process was possible to analytic thinking not intuitively thinking, and it effects the extend of awareness in definition that definition is not fixed but various. Second, it need the step of organize terms that is useful on solid's definition through activate of background knowledge. Third, it is effective that explore characters of the solids after construct the solids. Fourth, interactive discussion that students correct their mistakes each other through mathematical communication and they can think developmental is useful on making definition more than individual study.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2007

The Ministry of Environment plans to introduce the Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) system in Korea. The WET test is well established in developed countries with recognizing of the limitations of physicochemical analysis method and potential risk of chemicals in water medium. Therefore, it is essential to build the ecotoxicity infrastructure for the induction of WET test. In this study, we extensively collected the domestic and foreign toxicity test methods which employ native test species to Korea. And we suggested that the domestic ecotoxicity test methods with domestic test species in Korea through extracting the range of test conditions. Five domestic fish species selected were Carassiu auratus (Crucian carp), Cyprinus carpio(Common carp), Gasterosteus aculeatus (Three spine stickleback), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental weather fish) and Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka), The toxicity test methods with native test species to Korea were collected from the standard methods (OECD, U.S. EPA, ASTM), government reports, SCI papers and domestic papers. We collected the 32 test methods, and suggested the suitable aquatic toxicity test methods for fish. It is expected that this study could prove a useful information to establish the ecotoxicity test methods with domestic aquatic organisms in Korea henceforth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.247-264
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• 2013

Wikipedia represents a revolutionary experiment in the sense that it allows anonymous Internet users to contribute, change, and edit Encyclopedia contents used by tens of millions of people. While a very popular information source on the Internet, because of its questionable information credibility and accuracy, citing Wikipedia articles is being regarded as a risky behavior for scholars. The present study identified 282 scholarly articles from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science citation database that cite Wikipedia at least once. Out of the millions of articles indexed in Web of Science, the proportion of articles citing Wikipedia is extremely small. On the other hand, the numbers are showing a marked increase since 2011. Wikipedia citing articles are distributed in subject areas, such as library and information science, business, psychology, education, and communication more often than in other areas. The distribution of a total of 577 citations from 267 articles for which we were able to obtain full texts shows that Wikipedia is being cited mainly in studies of Wikipedia (139 citations, 24.1%) or as a ready reference source (331 citations, 57.4%). At the same time, about 15% of total citations turned out to be cases of potentially risky behaviors in which Wikipedia is being cited as a crucial basis or data source for study.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.47
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• pp.85-117
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• 2016

These days, ISIS terrorists have been expanding not only to european countries, but also to asian countries so South Korea is no longer safe from terrorists' attacks. Especially, 'soft target terrorism' makes many people maximizing fear of terrorism because it is caused by small groups - those who are armed with small arms and light weapons - and they are able to carry out hit and run attacks on civilian targets. It poses even more dangerous to kill massively. That is why November 2015 Paris attacks and January 2016 Jakarta attacks killed and injured many people because of 'soft target terrorism.' Therefore, the South Korea has also recognized the seriousness of terrorism by ISIS. The study has shown the precautionary measures about 'soft target terrorism' and how to defend against 'soft target terrorism' by looking through overseas examples. It is for the possibilities of 'soft terrorism' in South Korea because of the expansion of ISIS. As a result, 'soft target terrorism', caused by ISIS, could happen in South Korea. The counterplan is as in the following. First of all, 'soft target terrorism', which is collaborated with ISIS and domestic terrorists, could be caused by negative awareness of foreign residents and xenophobia so the public should change stereotypes about the foreign residents and there should be legislation about racial discrimination enacted by parliament and the government must practice the law. Second, the Korean anti-terrorism laws should be modified to minimize violations of human rights, related to the Korean citizens' personal information, and to stop the concentration of power into the hands of one law enforcement. Third, the government has to develop and to initiate the refuge&evacuation simulation, which prepares for 'soft target terrorism' and minimizes the damages if terrorists attack hot spots like central commercial areas or event halls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2010

As transit networks are becoming more multimodal, the concept of connectivity of transit networks becomes important. This study aims to develop a quantitative model for measuring the connectivity of multimodal transit networks. To that end, we select, as evaluation measures of a transit line, its length, capacity, and speed. We then define the connecting power of a transit line as the product of those measures. The degree centrality of a node, which is a widely used centrality measure in social network analysis, is employed with appropriate modifications suited for transit networks. Using the degree centrality of a transit stop and the connecting powers of transit lines serving the transit stop, we develop an index quantifying the level of connectivity of the transit stop. From the connectivity indexes of transit stops, we derive the connectivity index of a transit line as well as an area of a multimodal transit network. In addition, we present a method to evaluate the connectivity of a transfer center using the connectivity indexes of transit stops and passenger acceptance rate functions. A case study shows that the connectivity evaluation model developed in this study takes well into consideration characteristics of multimodal transit networks, adequately measures the connectivity of transit stops, lines, and areas, and furthermore can be used in determining the level of service of transfer centers.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.286-303
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate Chinese e-Learning development strategies based on the analysis of Korean Industry-Academia e-Learning cooperation. Literature review and interview with experts about the subject regarding this study were the main research methods for the study. The results of the study are as follows 1. Chinese government should amend and complement the e-Learning policy of the chinese enterprise continuously through the Korean government's experience about the e-Learning policy such as enterprise e-Learning system, standardization of LMS, and quality assurance. 2. Korean government's policy about e-Learning has emphasized on practical development of e-Learning contents and LMS. And we have found they have good effects from the policy in terms of human resource development. However, Chinese government generally has emphasized on external extension of the scale and administration.nte, Chinese government should follow the practical policy in the e-Learning development as Korean government has done. 3. The way of Individualized learning, cooperative learning, team work, WBI, standardized LMS, and Blended Learning in Korea could be well adapted in Chinese e-Learning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.164-169
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• 2019

Defense R&D investment is expanding. This shows that major countries are preparing for future warfare by securing high-tech technologies and developing new concept weapons systems. In particular, it is expected to accelerate the development of the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution in the future, and Korea needs its own ability to develop advanced weapons and medium- and long-term investment strategies to prepare for future warfare. The defense science and technology strategy will be established every five years. The strategy-dependent R&D drive has limitations in replacing the rapidly changing security environment and changes in science and technology. This study proposes an investment efficiency process to proactive incorporate information into R&D strategies with a focus on implementing policies and changing security threats, while maintaining continuity in which strategic and focused areas are linked to core technology development. The process can quickly reflect the needs of technological change, the security environment and defense policy. The process can be used to efficiently allocate defense R&D budgets and establish strategic investment directions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.291-300
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• 2020

Plagiarism concerns in the melody of popular music are on the rise. Despite these concerns, standards and methods for addressing these issues are lacking. This study is significant in the fact that it is the first case in the media which started as a controversy on plagiarism of popular music and even progressed to Supreme Court ruling. The first and second trial courts declared the existence of infringement of copyright by recognizing that the music in question was substantially alike as a result of comparing and reviewing the melody, rhythm, and harmony. However, the Supreme Court came to a different verdict on the infringement of musical work by reversing and remanding the case to the Seoul High Court. The Supreme Court indicated that even though the music presented in the first trial is a creative work entirely protected under the Copyright Act, expression without creativity is an area that is not protected under the law. Based on this case, this study seeks to compare and analyze the essential characteristics of melody in the judgment of infringement of copyrights in popular music, and factors related to the judgment of practical similarity and the judgment of idioms that are the criteria for judging infringement of musical work.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.20
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

1999년 1월-1999년 10월까지 당사에서 1급장해로 인해 보험금이 지급된 1,297 건을 대상으로 하여 성별 & 연령대별 분포, 1급장해 각 항의 원인별 분포, 다빈도원인별 1급장해 각 항의 분포상황등을 중심으로 조사하였다. 1. 1급장해지불건들의 성별분포를 보면 남자가 여자보다1.7배 많았다. 연령대별로는 30대가 29.3%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 40대 23.7%, 20대 18.6%, 10세미만 17.6% 순서 였다. 2. 1급장해 각항별 점유율을 보면 1급3항이 56.9%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 1급4항이 16.0%로 많았다. 3. 1급장해의 원인별 분포를 보면 '교통사고' 및 '교통사고외의 외상'이 597건(40.6%)으로 가장 많이 차지하였고 다음으로 '기타질병' 256건(19.7%) '뇌혈관사고' 245건(18.7%), '만성신부전' 194건(15.0 %), 그리고 '악성종양' 36건(2.8%)의 순서였다. 1) 1급 1항 : 두눈의 시력을 완전영구히 잃었을 때 원인중 가장 많은 것은 '기타질병' 74건(64%)이었고 다음으로는 '당뇨병' 17건(14.9) 그리고 '교통사고'의 순서였다. '기타질병'에 해당하는 병중에서 눈의 질환들을 더 분류하여 볼 때 '맥락막 및 망막의 장애'가 25건(35.7%)으로 가장 많았고 다음으로 '시신경 및 시각경로의 장애' 20건(28.6%) 그리고 '수정체의 장애'의 순서였다. 2) 1급 3항 : 중추신경계, 정신에 뚜렷한 장해를 남겨서 평생토록 항상 간호를 받아야 할 때 원인으로는 '교통사고' 245건(33.2%)이 가장 많았고 다음으로 '뇌혈관사고' 215건(29.1%) 그리고 '교통사고외의 외상'의 순서였다. 뇌혈관사고 215건에 대해서 원인별분포를 보면 '뇌내출혈'이 131건(60.9%)로 '뇌경색 ' 57건(26.5%)에 비해 2.3배 정도 많았다. 3) 1급 4항 : 흉복부장기에 뚜렷한 장해를 남겨서 평생토록 항상 간호를 받아야 할 때 원인으로는 '만성신부전'이 215건(86.5%)으로 가장 많이 차지하고 있었고 다음으로 '기타질병' 14건(6.7%)의 순서였다. 4) 1급 6항 : 두다리의 발목이상을 잃었거나 완전영구히 사용하지 못하게 되었을 때 원인으로는 '교통사고' 41건(41.0%)로 가장 많았고 다음으로 '교통사고외의 외상' 32건 (32.0%) 그리고 다음으로 '근골격계, 결합조직의 질환' 순서였다. 4. 장해원인별 1급장해 각 항의 분포를 보면 '만성신부전'은 1급 4항, '악성종양'은 1급 3항과 1급2항 그리고 1항의 장해를 주로 일으키고 '당뇨병'은 1급 1항, '뇌혈관사고'는 1급3항과 1급2항의 장해를 주로 일으켰다. 한편 '교통사고'나 '교통사고외의 외상'은 주로 1급3항과 1급6항의 장해를 주로 일으켰다.