• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.3 s.37
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• pp.17-33
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• 2005

The present study attempts to develop the 'Empowering Youth Program' to enhance adolescents' creativity to address a variety of social and relationship issues and verify the effect of the program. The program consists of 12 sessions and each session employs a variety of activities and teaching methods to engender the students' interest. The subjects of this study were 262 middle school students in Seoul and Kyoun99i province. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Several independent t-tests and ANCOVAs were performed for data analyses. The results of the analyses indicated that the 'Empowering Youth Program' was effective in both promoting adolescents' educational performance and enhancing their creativity. Furthermore, the program was found to be very effective in helping adolescents understand themselves, peers, and family members much better.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.120-130
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• 2009

This study focuses on the methodology of an ecological interpretation of Korean traditional landscapes through both life-oriented philosophy and traditional Korean philosophy which are similar to ecology. Also, useful tools for discovering an ecological technique of formation based on the ecological thoughts in ancestors' life are shown. Ecological key words as interpretative tools on the traditional landscape replaced ecological concepts in Korean culture and landscape. There are 'Bonsung(本性; the original nature)', 'Chungjeol(中絶; moderation)', 'Hyoyul(效率; efficiency)', 'Sangsaeng(相生; symbiosis)', 'Jasaeng(自生; self-generation)', 'Chunghwa(中和; neutralization)', 'Bangtong(旁通; communication)', and 'Byuntong(變通; variableness)'. For the case study, the concepts of 'spatial structure', 'constructive elements in the traditional gardens', and 'structural elements in the dwelling houses' were extracted from $\ulcorner$Imwonkyeongjeji$\lrcorner$ as an interpretative subject. As a result, Jeongon house, Jongtaek of Choi's family(the first incoming resident) showed us an ecological technique of formation by interpretation on the composing elements. Namely, they are natural dwelling houses in harmony with natural conditions and delicate relational styles. Five kinds of ecological characteristics were exposed. They are: 1. land use method following natural features('本性' '相生' '中和'), 2. physical and spatial elements in a body with nature('中絶' '相生' '中和'), 3. sustainable circulation system by recycling limited resources('效率' '自生' '旁通'), 4. use of natural materials based on the regional climate ('中絶' '效率' '自生') and 5. plane and structural decision by microclimate('效率' '自生' '變通'). Consequently, the dwelling houses and their traditional gardens aimed at the consuming space of the efficient resources by utilizing and circulating natural energy more than different types of the traditional spaces.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Malicious codes have been widely documented and detected in information security breach occurrences of Microsoft Windows platform. Legacy information security systems are particularly vulnerable to breaches, due to Window kernel-based malicious codes, that penetrate existing protection and remain undetected. To date there has not been enough quality study into and information sharing about Windows kernel and inner code mechanisms, and this is the core reason for the success of these codes into entering systems and remaining undetected. This paper focus on classification and formalization of type target and mechanism of various Windows kernel-based attacks, and will present suggestions for effective response methodologies in the categories of, "Kernel memory protection", "Process & driver protection" and "File system & registry protection". An effective Windows kernel protection system will be presented through the collection and analysis of Windows kernel and inside mechanisms, and through suggestions for the implementation methodologies of unreleased and new Windows kernel protection skill. Results presented in this paper will explain that the suggested system be highly effective and has more accurate for intrusion detection ratios, then the current legacy security systems (i.e., virus vaccines and Windows IPS, etc) intrusion detection ratios. So, It is expected that the suggested system provides a good solution to prevent IT infrastructure from complicated and intelligent Windows kernel attacks.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2017

The Detection Model is the model to find the result of a certain purpose using artificial intelligent, data mining, intelligent algorithms In Cyber Security, it usually uses to detect intrusion, malwares, cyber incident, and attacks etc. There are an amount of unlabeled data that are collected in a real environment such as security data. Since the most of data are not defined the class labels, it is difficult to know type of data. Therefore, the label determination process is required to detect and analysis with accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a KDFL(K-means and D-S Fusion based Labeling) method using D-S inference and k-means(unsupervised) algorithms to decide label of data records by fusion, and a detection model architecture using a proposed labeling method. A proposed method has shown better performance on detection rate, accuracy, F1-measure index than other methods. In addition, since it has shown the improved results in error rate, we have verified good performance of our proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-523
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 1st and 2nd Korea Earth Science Olympiad (KESO) items, in order to find informations to enhance item quality. To do this, internal and external item classification frameworks are developed. Item difficulty (P), discrimination index (DI), correlation, and reliability are estimated by using classical test theory. Generalizability is also estimated by applying the generalizability theory. The results of item classification are as follows: (1) ‘Geology’, ‘astronomy’ and ‘data analysis and interpretation’ are dominant in content and inquiry process domain, respectively. Nearly every item has textbook context. (2) There is no difference between the preliminary and final tests in terms of their thinking skills sections. (3) As a whole, the ratio of items with pictures is high in item representation. However, multiple-choice and short answer items are more common in preliminary competition, and essay type items are found more often in final competition. The ratio of simple items is high in middle school section and preliminary competition, but composite items are dominant in high school section and final competition. The findings of item analysis are as follows: (1) In the middle school section, P is low and DI is moderate. But in the high school section, there is a considerable differences between science high schools and other high schools in general. (2) The highest correlation is reported between the scores of meteorology domain and total score in middle school, whereas in high school astronomy domain and total score show the highest correlation. (3) General high school section show the highest Cronbach $\alpha$ and generalizability. (4) General high school section show acceptable generalizability coefficient (> 0.80), but middle and science high school section should increase the number of items to reach acceptable generalizability level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Wooded areas that are a part of school campuses are one type of urban forest. Most schools located in an urban environment make an excellent setting for a forest in terms of location and area. These kinds of wooded spaces also make the city greener and healthier. As a place where students spend a great deal of time, schools can also be a venue for environmental education. The creation of wooded areas in schools currently has focused on the end result only; by ignoring student needs and participation, these areas have not had a significant influence on student environmental education. Previous studies based on questionnaire survey are significant in that they have quantified subjective qualitative data via Likert Scale. There has been, however, a problem in quantifying the more ambiguous subjective data. Therefore, this paper has attempted to investigate those factors that have an influence on student satisfaction with the wooded areas of their school campus using Fuzzy Theory with elementary school students in Gyeongsangbuk-do. A change was observed in terms of the ranking of arithmetic mean values of 'school peculiarity' and 'emotion evolution' and center of gravity, which has adopted Fuzzy Theory, proving that Fuzzy Theory could rationally objectify qualitative data such as human thoughts. In terms of the influential factors on the satisfaction with school forests(regression coefficient), 'school uniqueness(0.159)' was the highest, followed by 'many trees(0.142),' 'importance of nature(0.136)' and 'emotion evolution(0.130).' This paper may therefore be useful as basic data for objective questionnaire surveys and the development of school forests.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.431-456
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the appropriate time of introduction and the usage of the number line, in order to suggest the right point of learning the number concept to the elementary school students. For the efficient achievement of this purpose, we investigated the mathematical models for constructing the number concept such as number line, empty number line and double number line, counting and development of number concept. Then, we conducted case study on the time of introduction and the usage of the number line. Finally, we analyzed the result. First, there is need for adjustment to conduct the introduction of the number line from the second year of elementary school, so to help the students understand the continuing number concept through the understanding on the metaphorical concept of the number line. Second, there is the need of positive introduction and the use on the mathematical models; empty number line which helps to draw various thinking strategy visually through the process of operations such as addition and subtraction; the division into equal part and division by equal part in which multiplicative comparative situation or division takes place; the double number line which helps to understand the rate or proportional distribution. Finally, when adopting the number line, the empty number line, or the double number line, we suggested the necessity of learning about elaborate guidance and the usage in order to fully understand the metaphorical concept of the number line.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.961-974
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• 2014

We analyzed the relationship between the brain Dominance and the scientific creative problem solving utilizing propensity to target Science-Gifted Student (n=159). Brain dominance is divided into left upper brain (LUB), left lower brain (LLB), right lower brain (RLB), and right upper brain (RUB). Creative problem solving skill in science included validity, scientific characteristics, sophistication, originality, and fluency. Analysis of the results of this study showed a high frequency among the four types of the brain dominance is the highest score of LUB in science gifted group. This point was found that the tendency of the analytical and critical thinking that is characteristic of the LUB is strong scientific gifted group. When total sample was divided into high and low groups by scientific creative problem solving scores, in the analysis of the brain dominance score difference between the two groups of students who take advantage of the results of score RUB is compared to the high fluency group score higher than the low group found (p<0.05). The analysis of the correlation between brain dominance and scientific creative problem solving showed that originality and fluency had statistically significant correlation with RUB propensity score (p<0.05). This result suggests that the imaginative and challenging RUB propensity may be related to produce many and original ideas in scientific creative problem solving.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to actualize a statistical model of the 3-detector simplification model, which was proposed to detect outbreak situations by Daganzo in 1997 and to verify the statistical appropriacy thereof. This study presents the calculation process of the 3-detector simplification model and realizes the process using a statistics program. Firstly, the model was applied using data on detector of the main highways on which there is no entrances or exits. Moreover, in order to statistically verify the 3-detector simplification model, accumulative traffics for 30 seconds period, which reflects the dynamic changes of traffics due to shock wave, were estimated for outbreak traffics and steady flow, and the error of acquired data was statistically compared with that of the actual accumulative traffics. As a result, the error ratio between steady and incident cumulative flows has reached its maximum after 2-3 hours from an accident. Moreover, the incident traffic flows by accidents and the stade flows are heterogeneous in terms of their dispersion and means.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.22-29
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• 1995

I have to find standpoint of sight moulding of Chi I Sung Hwa(seven stars picture) analysis of graphic systems of a symbol sight native to our nation. And I will comprehend emotion of folkways by simple and graphic lines and colors in mathematical Grid of which ancestor had expressed in gauge moulding consciousness. This papers aim is to make a contribution to lead by on part of communication design. About structural analysis of pictorial graphic side. I) Mathematical thought of the Orient and space constitution are first basically the Orient expressed number notion of mathematics of unlimitedness and notion of zero so called space and empty second can analigize a diagonal expansion method by development of symmetry notion to basic the dual principle of the negative and positive by degrees development expressed space division method by direction notion. 2) About the proportion analysis it based the golden section globularity and in modern layout it takes vision center of position, after appointing the brow of sacred image of Chil Sung Hwa as center point of proportion and applied to the point proportion and so analigized the posibility of established. Rule in union of each elements and rule of forms about picture image. 3) Mathematical structure analysis to search a unified principle at the balanced arrangement and rule of forms it analigized the standard the rule of forms. it analigized the standard the rule of forms to body module of basic movement of protagonist and follower above basic forms of grid that is the basis of design system.