• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2002

Metaphor thinking is a kind of intuitive thinking and plays a central role in design process. But there are not many researches on this topic because it happens in designer's mind during design problem solving. In this paper, we considered cognitive aspects of metaphorical thinking as they cropped up in the process of design concepts development. As a method of cognitive experiment we used a protocol analysis of the design review reports. At the end of this research we concluded that metaphorical thinking is engaged in restructuring of new frames and reconciliation of conflicting frames for the development of new design ideas and concepts. This role of metaphorical thinking makes the design thinking divergent and the design process creative.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

The purpose in this paper is to provide the theoretical framework of characteristics of programming thinking processes in computational literacy education. That is, we developed the theoretical framework through analyzing novices' cognitive thinking processes, applied it to the real situation about computational literacy problem-solving processes and defined characteristics of the processes. For this purpose, we tried to analyze characteristics of programming thinking processes of novices by using think-aloud method. Also we developed the programming process code about novices' cognitive processes and programming processes, and analyzed the process that novice faced and overcame programming barriers by using qualitative research tool, Nvivo. As a result, we found what characteristics of programming problem-solving processes were and how novices used the thinking skill in the process. This study contributes to understand programming problem-solving processes and provides the criterion to analyze the processes scientifically.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-124
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• 2014

The process of analogical reasoning can be conventionally summarized in five steps : Representation, Access, Mapping, Adaptation, Learning. The purpose of this study is to develop more detailed model for reason of analogies considering the distinct characteristics of the mathematical education based on the process of analogical reasoning which is already established. Ultimately, This model is designed to facilitate students to use analogical reasoning more productively. The process of developing model is divided into three steps. The frist step is to draft a hypothetical model by looking into historical example of Leonhard Euler(1707-1783), who was the great mathematician of any age and discovered mathematical knowledge through analogical reasoning. The second step is to modify and complement the model to reflect the characteristics of students' thinking response that proves and links analogically between the law of cosines and the Pythagorean theorem. The third and final step is to draw pedagogical implications from the analysis of the result of an experiment.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 서울시 소재 과학영재교육원에서 운영하는 프로그램에서 개발된 일부 모듈들에 구현되어있는 과학탐구과정 및 사고과정의 특징이 과학영재프로그램의 목적에 따른 목표를 성취할 수 있는지를 평가하고, 과학탐구과정이나 사고과정의 각 항목을 구현한 탐구의 실제를 알기 위한 것이다. 또, 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 모듈들에 대해 반성하고 개선점을 찾으려는 것이다. 연구 참여자들은 13명이며 연구 목적을 위해 첫째, 영재교육과정 및 평가에 관한 문헌을 근거로 과학영재프로그램의 목적과 목표를 설정, 둘째, 목적과 목표를 근거로 문헌에 제시된 분석틀들을 수정 개발, 셋째, 참여자들이 각자 모듈을 1개 선정하여 분석하고 이를 수정한 후 다시 분석하여 해석, 넷째, 분석결과의 해석을 토대로 반성을 하였다. 각 단계마다 각자 해결한 내용을 공개하고 모든 참여자들이 공개된 내용에 대해 비판하면서 합의하는 과정을 거쳤다. 합의 도출에 의해 첫째, 과학영재프로그램의 목적은 '탐구적 사고과정을 함양하고 지역사회에 유익한 새로운 지식을 창출한다.', 이에 대한 목표는 '자기 주도적인 탐구 계획 능력을 향상한다.'와 '숙달된 탐구 기능을 사용하여 실제문제를 해결할 수 있다.'로 설정하였다. 둘째, 분석틀은 '과학탐구과정' 과 '사고과정'의 두 범주로 구성하였으며, '과학탐구과정'에 해당하는 항목은 '사전탐구, 탐구방법, 해석적 탐구기술, 의사소통능력, 탐구평가, 과학의 본성'으로, '사고과정'에 해당하는 항목들은 '논리적 사고, 창의적 사고'로 구성하였다. 셋째, 선정된 모듈들을 분석한 결과 모듈들은 대체로 탐구방법과 해석적 탐구기술을 많이 강조하였는데, 수정된 모듈들에서는 이 두 항목이 더욱 강조되었다. 특히, 해석적 탐구기술에서 의사소통능력, 탐구평가, 과학의 본성, 창의적 사고를 강조하는 탐구의 실제가 증가하였다. 수정후 증가된 항목들은 앞에서 설정한 두 가지 목표에 도달하는데 도움이 되는 항목들이라고 합의 선정되었던 것이므로, 이에 따라 수정 전 모듈보다 수정 후 모듈이 보다 더 영재프로그램의 목표에 도달하기에 적합한 것으로 판단하였다. 넷째, 연구결과를 토대로 반성한 점은 '목표' 에 '창의적 사고'와 '과학의 본성'에 대한 강조가 부족하다는 것, '목표'에서 '실제문제를 해결'할 수 있어야 한다는 것에 비해 '모듈'에서 다루는 주제는 '실제문제'가 아니라 학문적인 질문에 치우쳐 있다는 것, '자기 주도적인 탐구 계획 능력'을 향상시키는 탐구의 실제가 대체로 적게 제시되어 있다는 것이다. 이러한 반성을 영재프로그램의 각 모듈에서 모두 구현할 수 있는 것은 아니지만 본 연구에서 설정한 목적과 목표에 따라 프로그램을 개발하는 경우 이러한 반성점을 고려하여 모듈을 개발한다면 영재프로그램 전체적으로 볼 때는 모두 구현되어 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 서울시에 소재하는 과학영재교육원들에서 개발하여 사용하는 많은 모듈 중 극히 일부를 대상으로 하였으므로 연구 결과를 모든 과학영재프로그램에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 그러나 본 연구처럼 프로그램이나 모듈을 평가하려는 연구자들에게 일련의 평가단계에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2018

More and more universities are enforcing SW education for non-major undergraduates. However, they are experiencing difficulties in educating non-major students to understand computational thinking processes. In this paper, we did not use the mathematical operation problem to solve this problem. And we proposed a basic problem-solving process teaching method based on computational thinking using simple physical devices. In the proposed educational method, we teach a LED circuit using an Arduino board as an example. And it explains the problem-solving process with computational thinking. Through this, students learn core computational thinking processes such as abstraction, problem decomposition, pattern recognition and algorithms. By applying the proposed methodology, students can gain the concept and necessity of computational thinking processes without difficulty in understanding and analyzing the given problem.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to test whether the degrees of desyncronization in cranial nerves were related to correlation coefficient between brain waves measured on scalp. Based on the hypothesis. this research intended to describe the patterns of brain wave during scientific reasoning. EEG (electroencephalography) signals in 19 electrodes were recorded from elementary (6th grade) and middle (7th, 8th grade) school students as they performed roller-ball tasks: planning experiment, cognitive conflict, bridging, metacognition, and at rest (eyes closed and eyes opened). The results showed that the smaller the correlation coefficient was, the bigger the degrees of desyncronization. As compared to resting periods, the correlation coefficients in prefrontal and frontal lobe decreased during scientific reasoning. And the nerves in prefrontal and frontal lobes were most active during scientific reasoning. These results suggest that the correlation coefficient in addition to frequency of brain waves be analysed to get meaningful results of researches on scientific reasoning by brain wave.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.523-537
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the features of elementary students' intuitive thinking emerged during problem solving activities as it related to thermal phenomena, focusing on when intuitive thinking appears and how it is related to logical thinking. For this, we presented a problem related to thermal phenomena to nine 5th-grade students, and examined how students' thinking emerged in the activities. We conducted clinical interviews to investigate the thinking process of students. The results of this study are as follows. First, students made their own solutions and justified it later during the emergence process of intuitive thinking. It was also found that students connected concrete materials and abstract concepts intuitively. They solved the problem by making predictions even when information is insufficient. Second, it was shown that intuitive thinking can emerge through the intended strategies such as drawing a mental image, thinking from a different perspective, and integrating methods. These results, which are related to the students' intuitive thinking has received little attention and will be the basis for helping students in the context of discovery of their problem solving activities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-45
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• 2013

In this study, we developed a model for analyzing scientists' creative thinking processes, and analyzed Archimedes' thinking process in solving the golden crown problem. As results show, scientists' complex problem solving processes could be represented as a repeating circular model, and the fusion of processes of diverse thinking required for scientists' creativity could be analyzed from the case. Also in this study, we represented the role of experiments in scientists' creative discovery, and investigated the reasons for the difference between the viewpoints of textbooks and historic facts. We found the importance of abductive reasoning and advance knowledge in creative thinking. Archimedes solved the golden crown problem creatively by crossing the scientific thought of dynamics and the daily thought of baths. In this process, abductive reasoning and advance knowledge played an important role. Besides Archimedes' case, if we would reconstruct the creative discovery processes of diverse scientists' in textbooks, students could raise their creative thinking ability by experiencing these processes as educational steps.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

Graphic thinking for the idea sketches brings about variations between abstract realm and concrete one, and between conceptual realm and perceptual one. When design information is projected to the thinking process, some images are generated, and transformed. We reviewed the sketching devices for computerization to deal with a lot of design data in the computing environment. The LCD Tablet can be a substitute for the Pen & Paper to get rid of irksome tasks at handling the design data. Using a protocol analysis technique, we examined the influences of different design information, which is consisted of verbal concepts and/or visual images, and abstract information and/or concrete one. The findings show that there are no significant differences of influences between verbal/visual information and abstract concrete information at the conceptual design. These facts support that graphic thinking process is progressed with the perceptual and mental image.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.453-458
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• 2022

The Republic of Korea Army(ROKA) has carried out a deep change to prepare for the future war since 2017. For this, Korea Army Research Center for Future & Innovation(KARCFI) established in 2018 tried to spread out boom of innovation toward the whole ROKA. A number of ROKA members mentioned the necessity of research methodology creating future crucial capabilities, weapons, combat concepts, structures, etc. KARCFI researchers established a thinking process for revolution in military affairs(RMA) to rapidly respond field requests and optimized it through validity assessment of professionals and experiment in Army Innovation School. As a result, a thinking process for RMA provided creative ideas with the Army's vision and strategy, was included in its education system. Simultaneously, it became one of methodologies for the Army's research tasks and KCI journals. From now on, a thinking process for RMA will be able to signpost for RMA of the Army through diverse following studies.