• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

Vegetation structure of the vascular plants was investigated from April 2003 to August 2003 in Hwangjeong wetland around Geumho River, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Actual vegetation of Hwangjeong wetland largely can be classified by the floristic composition and the physiognomy into 12 communities; Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Humulus japonicus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites japonica, Zizania latifolia-Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Zizania latifolia-Nymphoides peltata, Miscanthus sacchariflorus-Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis-Phragmites japonica, Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla, Salix koreensis-Salix glandulosa, Salix nipponica-Salix koreensis, and Phragmites japonica-Zizania latifolia. Among them, the distribution area of the Phragmites japonica community was the largest as 49.46 ha(11.03%). The dominant vegetation type was Phragmites japonica community and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community based on the phytosociological method, and Phragmites japonica community was classified into two subcommunities; Nymphoides peltata subcommunity and Salix glandulosa subcommunity. Differential species of Phragmites japonica community were Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe javanica, Leersia oryzoides var. japonica, and Rorippa indica; differential species of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community were Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Setaria glauca, Commelina communis, Cyperus orthostachyus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Xanthium strumarium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Kummerowia striata, Trifolium repens, and Medicago sativa; differential species of Nymphoides peltata subcommunity were Nymphoides peltata, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus tabernaemontani, and Eleocharis mamillata var. cyclocarpa; differential species of Salix glandulosa subcommunity were Salix glandulosa, Salix koreensis, and Salix gracilistyla. It was expected that Hwangjeong wetland is worthy of conservation contributed purifying water pollution, giving habitats of many lifes, and providing beautiful scenes of Geumho River.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of cutting frequency and nitrogen fertilization in the mixed pasture on root production and its depth distribution. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Root distribution studied on botanical composition was not significantly different by the upper 20cm level in all treatments. 2. Root yields were all high irrespectively of dominant species. However, Arrhenatherum elatius dominant pasture showed the lowest. Alopecurus pratensis dominant pasture showed the highest in root yield. 3. With the root yield, there was no significant difference in cutting frequency, but the moderate nitrogen level(N-2) showed the highest root yield among three N levels. 4. The depth distribution of root was 1m depth in all treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.160-171
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• 1994

Microscopic observations of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) were done with the colonizations of AM and the determinations of chitin in the plant roots of Sorghum bicolor, Cassia mimosoides, Capsicum annuum and Allium fistulosum. The intercellular and intracellular hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles were microscopically observed, according to increases of colonization of AM in the roots of four plants. The growth of AM fungi appeared sigmoid with the cultivation days after inoculation. The growth of AM fungi were inversely influenced by the additions of commercial fertilizers, P

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

This study was conducted to distribution characteristic of root diameter class between natural and planted stands of one-age class in Pinus densiflora for. eracta in Gangwon. Root development presented that 0.5-2.0 mm diameter class was large part in total root number and length but 0.5-2.0 mm diameter class have a low distribution in each stand. Below 5.0 mm diameter class between natural and planted stands observed outstanding natural stand more than planted stand, but reverse over 5.0 mm diameter class. Root development depending on soil level of vertical and horizontal was presented various natural stand more than planted stand because root distribution of planted stand was concentrated low soil level in 10 cm of soil depth and 20 cm of soil horizontal layer. We can understand that the root distribution presented different between natural and planted stand, therefore this result can used as a basic information for correct of outplanting.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and structural damages to cadmium (Cd) in Acorus calamus var. angustatus as a native aquatic species in Korea. In addition to the physiological responses such as plant growth, photosynthesis, and root activity, the structural damages in leaf and root tissues were observed through light and scanning electronic microscopy. The five-leaf plants were treated with different Cd concentrations 0, 10, 25, and 50 ${\mu}M$ for 15 days. The plant damages to Cd were significant at 10-25 ${\mu}M$ Cd physiologically and at 25-50 ${\mu}M$ Cd structurally. The physiological damages in the shoot part (photosynthesis) started at 10 ${\mu}M$ Cd whereas those in root part (root activity) were serious above 25 ${\mu}M$ Cd. On the other hand, the structural damages began at 25 ${\mu}M$ Cd in the leaf and root tissues similarly, but the plant tissue destruction was more serious in the roots than in leaves. Based on the plant physiological and structural damages, 10 ${\mu}M$ was assumed to be the limited concentration for sustainable growth and landscaping ability in Acorus calamus var. angustatus to Cd.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to identify the root plate dimension of wind-uprooted trees and to analyze the relationship among wind direction, aboveground and belowground properties of the trees. The root plates of 77 Japanese larches (Larix kaempferi) and 24 Korean pines (Pinus koraiensis), which were uprooted by a typhoon in 2012, in the Taehwa Experimental Forest of Seoul National University, Korea, were investigated. The results showed the root plate shape could be assumed to be an oval or a circle in above view, and half an ellipse in side view, respectively. Also, the number and surface area of individual roots in root plates were greater in uprooting direction than in non-uprooting direction. The results of correlation analyses between aboveground and belowground properties indicated DBH had more significant correlation with belowground properties than tree height. Finally, simple linear relationships were derived for significantly correlated tree aboveground and belowground properties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.338-345
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• 2001

This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the root structure and the crown structure of Norway spruce(Picea abies [L.] Karst), and thereafter to obtain the regression equation for the estimation of relative root and needle biomass using the tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH) without measurement of root and needle biomass. The study site was Barbis stands of Harz region located in central part of Germany. Five dominant and three co-dominant trees of 30 to 40 year-old Norway spruce were selected and tree height, diameter at breast height, clear bole length, weight of total needle and branch, cross section and sapwood area at breast height for biomass of above ground part and also the length of root, the number of root, the weight of root, the cross section area of root etc. by dividing the horizontal and vertical roots for below ground part of tree were measured. The significantly correlation was shown between the biomass of most of variables of above ground parts and those of below ground parts. For the diameter of breast height to the weight of total root, regression equation was Y = 3.56X - 45.94 and decision coefficient was 0.96 showing highly correlation. The weight of total branches and needles, and the tree height etc. of above ground parts showed highly positive relationship with below ground biomass. The results obtained from this study can be used to the estimating of biomass of below ground using variables of above ground such as DBH in the 30 to 40 year-old Norway spruce stands.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 1998

In peony fields located in Uisong and Yeongcheon distribution of Meloidogyne hapla was examined. Of 131 fields examined, M. hapla was isolated from 102 fields. In 57.8% of the infested fields, M. hapla density was higher 31 larvae1300 ml soil, the larval density isolated from upland fields were higher than those from paddy fields. Sandy loam soil harbored higher number of larvae than clay soil. Physio-chemical properties of soil might affect nematode population: High larval density was detected from those fields with low contents of OM, K+ and low pH. Fields infested with high larval densities required more lime than those with low or non infested fields.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2009

오늘날 태국 남부 국경 부근의 3개주와 말레이 북부의 일부가 포함된 지역은 불교 사회인 태국과 무슬림 사회인 말레이라는 문화적인 차이가 있음에도 불구하고 그 문화적 근원을 찾아 보면 분명히 이전의 타이불교와 말레이 무슬림의 근원을 만나게 된다. 이는 역사적으로나 고고학적으로나 혹은 지방문학에서도 뿌리를 찾을 수 있는데 특별히 이 논문에서는 땀난나컨씨탐마랏(나컨씨탐마랏 신화)과 히카얏 메롱 마하왕싸(메롱 마하왕싸 신화)를 중심으로 불교권 타이와 이슬람권 말레이의 문화적인 면을 고찰해보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 땀난나컨씨탐마랏(나컨씨탐마랏 신화)와 히카얏 메롱 마하왕싸(메롱 마하왕싸 신화) 속에 나타난 두문화, 즉, 불교권 타이와 이슬람권 말레이의 문화는 동일한 구조를 보이고 있음을 밝히고, 그 구조속에 나타난 지도자의 역할과 그 지역의 발전에 종교가 중요한 요소로 작용하였음을 주장하고 있다. 이러한 주장의 바탕은 Levi-Strauss의 이론으로써 태국 남부의 불교권 타이문화와 말레이 북부의 이슬람권 문화가 얼마나 친밀한 문화적 뿌리를 가지고 있는 지를 알게 한다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.402-407
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• 2008

Total phenol content was obtained from the stem extract of 7.8 (g/100g, D.W.) and root extract of 10.5 (g/100g, D.W.) on Rosa rugosa. S-4 and R-2 compounds were isolated from the stem and root of R. rugosa. The structure of S-4 and R-2 compounds was assigned as catechin by $^{1}H,\;^{13}C$ CNMR signal and TOF-MS. The tannin content of stem extract was 752.5 (mg/100g, D.W.) as 6.3 of gallic acid, 61.5 of epicatechin and 684.8 of catechin. The tannin content of root extract was higher about 2 times (1676.0) as 6.8 of gallic acid, 160.3 of epicatechin and 1508.5 of catechin than that of stem. It was shown that catechin was main compound in the stem and root extracts of R. rugosa. Antioxidant activities were stronger low concentration, and were not different of stem and root extracts. As the results, stem and root of R. rugosa were evaluated, as natural antioxidant resource.