• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1995

To develope a microbial pesticide for the control of mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari, Beauveria spp. were isolated from the infected Apriona germari larvae. The morphology of Beauveria spp. was observed by phase contrast and scanning electron microscope. In addition, the Beauveria spp. isolated from Apriona germari were identified by the random amplification of polymorphic DNA using polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the Beauveria spp., SFB-1A and SFB-3A, isolated from Apriona germari were identified with B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, respectively, suggesting that the random amplification of polymorphic DNA is effective for the identification of Beauveria spp.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 1997

Four strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated froin the dead larvae of mulberry longicorn beetle (Apriong germari) and dung beetle (Aphodius apicalis). One nf four B. thuringiensis isolates turned out to be subspecies darinstadiensis but the remains were not identified using 33 B. thuringiensts flgellar ( H ) antibodies. Furthermore. bioassays of spore-parasporal inclusion protein mixture conducted against third instar larvae of A. gerrntrri or A. apicalis, second instar larvae of Bombyx mori, and third instar larvae of Cu1ex pipiens pullens showed that the isolates were non-toxic. To further confirm, four isolates were characterized and analysed by SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed that parasporal protein and plasmid DNA patterns of four isolates are different from those of darmstadiensis and 20 known non-toxic B. thuringiensis strains, suggesting that the four isolates are novel non-toxic B. thuringiensis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2000

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 1997

Hatched-larvae of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari Hope, collected from mulberry fields were reared on artificial diet at 25$^{\circ}$C with 14 h light and 10 h dark to study the larval developmental characteristics. Artificial diet developed for rearing silkworm was used with minor modification adding mulberry branch powder. In case of artificial diet rearing, the head width of larval instar from the I st to the 12th instars was ranged from 0.12 to 0.69cm, and growth rate of each instar was significantly high between the I st and the 2nd instars. In addition, the weight of the 8th instar larvae was increased approximately 176-fold in comparision with that of the 1st instar larvae. Larval duration of each instar took long with larval developmental stages, and that of the 1st to the 9th or the 12th instars was 186.03 or 304.58 days, respectively. The survival rate of larvae was 40.8% by the 8th instar. The pupation rate was approximately 32.4%. Furthermore, although pupation stage was broadly appeared from the 7th to the I lth instars, pupation was majorly observed at the 8th and the 9th instars.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

To study the ecological characteristics of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari Hope, Mulberry branches with egg-laid scar were regionally collected from ten mulberry fields during the hibernation. It showed that its distribution was highest in Kyunggi province with 3.05% and lowest in Kyungnam province with 0.28%. The number of the egg-laid scar per branch was single with 87.7% of high frequency and its average size was 2.38 L$\times$1.45 W$\times$0.34D cm. The average diameter of scarred branch was 1.7 cm, ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 cm. the shape of egg was long elliptical with width of $2.32\pm$0.33 mm and with length of $6.606.60\pm$0.55 mm. the weight of egg was $16.6\pm$2.94 mg and the color of the just-oviposited egg was milky white, changing into thick brown with time. The weight and length of the just-hatched larva was $16.6\pm$2.4 mg and $6.36\pm$0.66 mm. respectively. Most of the larvae moved downward inside the branch, showing that 94.2% of larvae for outdoor rearing and 87.9% of larvae for indoor rearing moved downward in the branch. As a result, it was found that it hibernated at egg stage with a higher rate than at larval stage by two or three folds in Kyunggi and Kyungbuk province and contrarily at larval stage with higher rate than at egg stage in Chunbuk, Chunnam and Kyungnam provinces. The survival rate for the egg after hibernation was significantly low with 6.6% and contrarily for the larva after hibernation remarkably high with 91.2%. Although the survival rate of the egg in this survey was relatively low, the result indicated that there were two types of hibernation of A. germari in Korea; egg and larval stage.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The larval head capsule width, larval weight and length of mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari Hope were measured when the larvae were exuviated in artificial diet rearing. The larval head capsule width from the 1st to the 12th instar was ranged from 0.12 to 0.69 cm, and growth ratio of each instar was significantly high between the 1st and the 2nd instars. The fitness to Dyar's law for the larval head capsule width was 87.6%. When the logarithum of the larval head capsule width is plotted against the number of instars, the calculated regression line was LogY=0.12086+0.06998X and Dyar's constant was 1.18. The larval weight was increased with larval developmental stages, and the coefficient of variation of larval weight was apparently high. But the calculated regression line was LogY=-0.91592+0.25959X and Dyar's constant was 1.25. The growth ration of the larval length was clearly high between the 2nd and the 3rd instars, and that of larvae from the 4th instar was decreased. The calculated regression line was LogY=-0.16932+0.09841X and Dyar's constant was 1.25. In conclusion, our results suggested that the larvae growth of mulberry longicorn beetle appeared to be highly related in the larval head capsule width, larval weight and length.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2018

본 연구는 대승 경전에 나타난 식물의 수록 양상과 그 의미를 밝히는 연구의 세 번째 과정이다. 법화경은 천태종(天台宗)의 소의 경전(所依慶典)으로 우리나라에서 유통된 경전 가운데 최다 간행된 경전이며 화엄경과 함께 한국 교학의 중심이 된 경전이다. 연구 대상은 현존하는 법화경의 판본 가운데 구마라집(鳩摩羅什) 역 묘법연화경(妙法蓮華經, 이하 법화경, 7권으로 구성)에 수록된 식물이다. 본 연구에서는 식물 분류학적 실체는 물론 이 경의 중심 논지와 연관성이 큰 천화(天華, 하늘의 꽃)의 실체를 별도로 구명하여 식물수록의 특성과 차별성을 동시에 구명하고자 하였다. 1. 법화경에 나타난 식물의 수록 횟수와 식물의 종 수는 다음과 같았다. 법화경에는 총 27종의 식물이 수록되어 있었으며 이 가운데 목본은 16종(59.3%)이고 초본은 11종(40.7%)이었다. 식물수록 양상에 있어 특이점은 목본이 초본에 비해 상대적으로 높은 비중을 차지하고 있었다는 점이었다. 이러한 결과는 중심사상의 전달방식에 있어 비교 대상이 되는 다른 대승 경전과 차이가 있다는 점과도 무관하지 않았다. 실제로 비교 대상인 화엄경의 목본과 초본 비율은 각각 17종(48.6%)과 18종(51.4%)이었고 열반경은 각각 36종(45.6%)과 43종(54.4%)으로 목본과 초본의 수록 비율에 차이가 크지 않았다. 2. 법화경에 나타난 식물 27종은 총 20개 과에 분포되어 있었다. 수련과 3종, 콩과 3종, 물푸레나무과 2종, 뽕나무과 2종, 벼과 2종의 순이었다. 다수 과에 분포된 식물은 대부분 중심사상 전달의 매개체인 천화(하늘의 꽃)에 속하는 식물이었다. 3. '하늘의 꽃' 이라고 신성시되면서 이 경의 내용 전개에 있어 중요한 위치를 점하고 있는'천화(天華)'는 연꽃과 수련 종류를 지칭하는 식물이 중심이 되었으며 유용한 관상 및 조경, 향료 자원 및 목재 자원 식물이었다.