• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

New mulberry cultivar, Hansungppong, was bred among selected lines from F1 seedlings obtained by crossing the female, Yongcheonppong, and the male, Kugsang 21. Local adaptability test has been carried out at two places (Suwon and Chunchun) for four years since 1995. Leaf quality was tested by silkworm rearing for two silkworm rearing seasons (spring and autumn) at Suwon in 1998. Hansungppong was recognized to be superior in productivity and cold resistance to control cultivar, Yongcheonppong. The new cultivar, Hansungppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Yongcheonppong, which was strongest leading cultivar against cold injury in Korea. It is belonging to Morus alba L. with the ovate leaf shape, sprouting in spring nearly the same to the Yongcheonppong (Morus alba L.), high leaf yielding of 10% compared to Yongcheonppong (Morus alba L.) and the high degree of cold resistance. It is adaptable to everywhere in Korea. Hansungppong is recommended to rear silkworms not only in spring but also in autumn besides for young silkworms.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1980

Root system and distribution of soil components (pH, available P, K, Ca and Mg) were studied in a 20-year old, low-cutting mulberry field. The variety, kairyonezumigaeshi (Morus alba L.), was planted in a spacing of 1.8m${\times}$0.6m(740 tiess/10a). Roots and soil samples were taken from each of 196 blocks in a demension of 26${\times}$17${\times}$10cm(as shown in Fig. 1) from the soil between rows. 1. Whereas root system concentrated towards the stock, chemical components, pH, available P, Ca and Mg, were increasing toward the center of the row spacing. 2. Root system and distribution of chemical components between trees were not significantly different among blocks. 3. Roots were distributed most densely in a depth of 10∼20, intermediate 20∼30 and 30∼40, and least 0∼10cm. However, the concentrbtion of chemical components was the highest in a depth of 0∼10cm and decreased with soil depth. The soil. a depth of 0∼10cm on the center of row spacing, was the lowest in the root system and the richest in a chemical components. The results indicate that special fertilizinng management is required for the efficient absorption of nutrients.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2020

꼭두서니과 커피속 식물의주요 2차대사산물인 카페인은 커피나무, 카카오, 차나무 등에서 관찰되는 알칼로이드 화합물로 다른 식물의 발아 억제, 살충 기능이 알려져 있다. 인체에 있어 카페인은 각성효과가 있어 수면 장애나 불안을 유발할 수 있으며 섭취를 중단 시 졸음, 두통 등 금단 증상을 나타나기도 한다. 최근 다양한 식물 종과 부위를 이용한 차 문화가 확산되고 있는 바, 본 연구는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 커피 2종류과 녹차 2종류를 비롯하여 꽃차 37종류, 잎차 15종류, 씨앗차 2종류, 열매차 1종류 및 뿌리차 2종류를 대상으로 메탄올 추출 후 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry를 이용하여 카페인 함량에 대한 정성, 정량 분석을 수행하였다. 대조로 사용된 시판 커피 2개사 제품은 각각 1.18 mg/g, 35.94 mg/g의 caffeine 함량을 나타냈으며 시판 녹차 티백 제품 2종은 1.3 mg/g, 3.42 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. 조사된 37종의 꽃차 중에는 차나무 꽃차에서만 1.50 mg/g 수준의 caffeine이 검출되었을 뿐 국내 소비가 확대되고 있는 구절초, 국화, 금계국, 금목서, 금어초, 금잔화, 노랑코스모스, 당아욱, 도라지, 동백나무, 뚱딴지, 라벤다, 마리골드(노랑), 마리골드(주황), 매화, 맨드라미, 무궁화, 백목련, 벚나무, 복사나무, 비단향꽃무, 생강나무, 수레국화, 아까시나무, 연꽃, 유채, 작약, 장미, 진달래, 천일홍, 캐모마일, 패랭이꽃, 팬지, 해당화, 홍화, 히비스커스 등 36종에서는 카페인이 검출되지 않았다. 잎차의 경우 레몬그라스, 레몬밤, 로즈마리, 뽕나무, 세인트존스워트, 스테비아, 쑥, 애플민트, 연잎, 적양배추, 조릿대, 차수국, 티트리, 파인애플민트, 페퍼민트 등 평가된 15종류 모두에서 카페인이 검출되지 않았으며, 씨앗차인 펜넬 및 작두콩, 열매차인 진피차, 뿌리차인 자색당근과 비트차에서 역시 카페인이 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과에 기초할 때, 시판되는 다양한 식물 종과 부위를 이용한 차의 경우 대부분 caffeine을 함유하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.148-152
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate insect specles of Kiwi fruit, and ecological characteristicsof Stathmopoda m Chonnam province from 1991 to 1993 Twelve families and thirteen specieswere identified during the study. Sfothmopoda aurijerello and mulberp scale were key insect pestsamong them. The body sizes of each stage of S. a~irijereilo was measured and found to be 0.12 mmfor egg, 9.8 mm for mature lawa. 5.9 mm for pupae and 123mm for adult with opened wings.S, ouriferelia appers to have two generations a yea Adults occut~ed from late May to midJulyand mid-August to early September Mth two peaks m early to midJune and late August. Changein age structure (% lawe: % pupae) over time was 100: 0 in earlyJul, 96. 1 . 3 9 in midduly. 64.9:35 1 in late July. 19.8 . 80 2 in early August, and 0 : 100 in mld-August Damaged fruit was 4 6%in early July, increase above 40% 1" midJuly, and then the damage surpassed the damage threshold.The rate of fruit damaged was 45.9%, and there wbi no significant dtfferences among countiesDamaged parts of fruits were manly fruit apex Mth 70% and followed by fruit stalk w~th 11.1%.The rate of fruit damaged by varieties were Hayward with 25.7%. Monty with 17 5%. Hyangrokwith 13.9%, Abott with 9.3% and Bruno with 6.0%. with 9.3% and Bruno with 6.0%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1982

A water culture was conducted with 5 levels of nitrate-ammonium ratio (NAR: 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) to study the ionic balance, cation-anion (C-A) in mulberry leaves and to determine the optimum NAR for the greatest leaf yields. The results were as follows: 1. The growth rate of mulberry plants was the greatest at 7:3 NAR. 2. Magesium in the mulberry leaves was not affected by NAR. By lowering NAR, calcium content decreased more than potassium content increased, consequently lowering the sum of cation content (${\sum}C$). However, the sum of anion (${\sum}A$) increased because of increments of sulphate, chloride and especially phosphate. 3. Ionic balance in the mulberry leaves deceased from 727 to 116 me/Kg dry matter with increasing ammonium levels of 0 to 100% in the nutrient solution.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2008

Antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of about 60 endemic Korean herbs and medicinal plants were investigated. When compared to the group treated with phenoxyethanol as a positive control, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by Styrax japonica, Stevia rebaudiana, Morus Leaf, Coptis chinensis and Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge, the latter showing the strongest inhibition (97%). The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by Acorus calamus, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge and Coptis chinensis, the latter showing the strongest inhibition (99%). The growth of yeast type fungi Candida albicans was inhibited to about 35% by Scutellaria baicalensis Geogr and about 33% by Coptis chinensis as determined by paper disk method. The growth of bacterium Malassezia furfur was inhibited by Paeonia lactiflora, Rosa multiflora, Coptis chinensis, Citrus aurantium L. subsp, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, and Galla rhois, the latter showing the strongest inhibition (57%). The growth of Propionibacterium acnes was inhibited by Galla rhois, Paeonia lactiflora, Morus bombycis, Cucumis sativus, Stevia rebaudiana, Coptis chinensis and Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge. Interestingly, Coptis chinensis and Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge showed the strongest inhibition (99%) similar to that in postive control. The possible components and their action modes were suggested and discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1984

The present study was aimed to investigate persistence of dichlorvos EC, fenitrothion EC, fenthion EC, and phenthoate EC in and on mulberry leaves with special reference to silkworm mortality and cocoon production under greenhouse condition. The halflives of fenitrothion, fenthion, and phenthoate in and on mulberry leaves were ranged from two to three days, while that of dichlorvos was less than 9 hours. The insecticide residues in and on mulberry leaves persisted longer in spring cropping season than in autumn cropping season. Elapsed periods from last application of each insecticide to leaf harvest for silkworm feed and maximum residue limits for safe cocoon production as well as relations between insecticide residues in and on mulberry leaves and silkworm mortality were produced.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

To reveal the possibility as a source of functional food and to increase the usability of mulberry fruits, amino acid analysis with mulberry fruits was carried out with L-8800 Amino acid auto analyzer. We analyzed 16 amino acid components including 6 essential amino acids. According to the results, the mean content of total amino acid was 4,640.8 mg/100 g DW. 'Sabangso(II)' showed the highest total amino acid content (6,919.3 mg/100 g DW) among the fifty accessions tested, whereas 'Gukkwang' showed the lowest content (3,389.1 mg/100 g DW). The distribution rate of amino acid components decreased in the order of Glu ($20.1\%$) > Gly ($12.7\%$) > Asp ($12.5\%$) > Thr ($8.2\%$) > Ala ($7.9\%$) > Arg ($7.5\%$) > Pro ($6.1\%$) > Ser ($6.1\%$) > Val ($5.7\%$) > Leu ($5.3\%$) > Ile ($2.7\%$) > His ($2.5\%$) > Met ($0.9\%$) > Tyr ($0.8\%$) > Lys ($0.7\%$) > Cys ($0.3\%$). 'Sabangso(II)' showed the highest content in 11 amino acid components, which were Glu (1,293.2 mg/100 g), Ser (390.2 mg/100 g), Thr (564.4 mg/100 g), His (175.3 mg/100 g), Arg (590.4 mg/100 g), Lys (53.5 mg/100 g), Gly (589.4 mg/100 g), Ala (499.3 mg/100 g), Leu (481.9 mg/100 g), Ile (240.9 mg/100 g), and Val (407.6 mg/100 g). Tyr and Cys were the highest in 'Jangsosang' (70.8 mg/100 g, 19.3 mg/100 g, respectively), and Asp, Pro, and Met were the highest in 'Jasan(I)', 'Hwansipchosaeng' and 'Palcheongsipyung(I)' (1,098.8 mg/100 g, 364.4 mg/100 g, 68.8 mg/100 g, respectively).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2011

Eleven polyphenolic compounds, including procatechuic and chlorogenic acids, (+)-dihydroquercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, (+)-dihydrokaempferol, trans-resveratrol, moracin, quercetin and 4-prenylmoracin were isolated and purified from the methanolic extract of defatted mulberry seed residue by a series of column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A, and their chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis. The antioxidant activities of the eleven isolated polyphenolic compounds were measured spectrophotometrically using DPPH radical. Among the eleven polyphenolic compounds tested, rutin ($IC_{50}=20.2\;{\mu}M$), isoquercitrin ($IC_{50}=22.5\;{\mu}M$), quercitrin ($IC_{50}=24.6\;{\mu}M$), quercetin ($IC_{50}=27.8\;{\mu}M$), (+)-dihydroquercetin ($IC_{50}=28.9\;{\mu}M$), and chlorogenic acid ($IC_{50}=30.6\;{\mu}M$) exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}=31.5\;{\mu}M$) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($IC_{50}=52.3\;{\mu}M$), whereas procatechuic acid ($IC_{50}=68.2\;{\mu}M$) showed lower activity. In addition, (+)-dihydrokaempferol ($IC_{50}=33.8\;{\mu}M$), trans-resveratrol ($IC_{50}=36.2\;{\mu}M$), moracin ($IC_{50}=47.6\;{\mu}M$), and 4-prenylmoracin ($IC_{50}=48.2\;{\mu}M$) exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. Furthermore, levels of the eleven polyphenolic compounds from three different types of mulberry seeds were quantified by HPLC, and their contents were as follows: rutin (311~60.0 mg/100 g)> quercitrin (7.2~34.2 mg/100 g)> (+)-dihydroquercetin (13.2~33.1 mg/100 g)> quercetin (15.8~19.5 mg/100 g)> 4-prenylmoracin (10.5~43.3 mg/100 g)> isoquercitrin (5.8~15.4 mg/100 g)> chlorogenic acid (0.0~15.3 mg/100 g)> moracin (4.7~7.2 mg/100 g)> procatechuic acid (0.0~11.6 mg/100 g)> (+)-dihydrokaempferol and trans-resveratrol (<0.1 mg/100 g). The 'Daesungppong' mulberry seeds among the three cultivars had higher flavonoid contents, such as rutin and quercetin derivatives, while the 'Iksuppong' seeds had the highest contents of phenolic acids and moracin derivatives. 'Cheongilppong' had lower amounts of polyphenolic compounds than the other two mulberry seeds. These results indicate that mulberry seeds containing antioxidant polyphenolic compounds may be potentially useful sources of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-aging agents for functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.60-78
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• 2012

The main objective of this study is to conduct subnational population projections of Korea based on a Myriad Things" (萬物門), which is part of Seongho's representative work entitled $Miscellaneous$ $Explanations$ $of$ $Seongho$ (星湖僿說), has been in this paper in order to understand Seongho's "thinking on geography". To do so, contents related to geography were selected and these were discussed and interpreted in terms of the classification system of today's geographical knowledge. Following is the result of this research. First, information on astronomical geography and natural geography such as uplift, tornado, structure of soil, and the $yut$ board as well as humangeographical topics such as wild $ginseng$, cigarettes, hot pepper, traditional fruits and nuts (chestnuts, jujubes, and persimmons), Goryeo paper (Korean paper), mulberry trees, cotton plants, natural dye, policy about horses, magnetic compass needles, and farming implements for rice transplantation are mentioned in "Myriad Things" in relation to geography. Second, the depth of information described varies from topic to topic, but the topics on tornado and magnetic compass needles, horses, wild ginseng, traditional fruits and nuts, and $yut$ board are described in depth and in detail. Third, authenticity of the contents on these topics are "true" insofar as bibliographical information and citations are provided for support. Fourth, these topics reflect the interests and circumstances that are related to the "economic improvement of common people's livelihood" in those days, such as agriculture, crops, and transportation of goods. Fifth, the bibliography and citations explaining all instances reveal that China (Qing) is a great civilization of the advanced world and that the scholarship of Joseon relied on and accepted it. Sixth, except for horse raising and management, farming implements for rice transplantation, sericulture, and natural dying of cloth, most of the topics are useful even today. In short, theres is a profound aspect to the content that makes it possible to estimate the "geographical thinking". In general, the focus of the content of this book directly linked to the practical agricultural economy of the common people.