• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1252-1259
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of rice (R) and brown rice (BR) flour on the quality characteristics of morning bread. The quality characteristics of morning bread were determined by measuring the pH of the dough, dough raising power, moisture content, baking loss rate, specific volume, height, color value, texture analysis and sensory evaluations. The pH of the bread dough was highest on R1:BR2 and R0:BR3. The dough raising power and moisture content steadily and significantly decreased as the amount of added brown rice flour increased. The baking loss rate was highest on R3:BR0. The specific volume and height of morning bread were highest on R3:BR0 and R2:BR1. In color value, the L value decreased significantly as the amount of added brown rice flour increased, while a value and b value increased. The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of morning bread increased with an increase in brown rice flour. In consumer acceptability, R3:BR0, R2:BR1 and R1:BR2 showed the highest scores in all parameters. Characteristic intensity rating of roasted taste was lowest on R3:BR0. These results indicate that R2:BR1 showed similar quality characteristics as compared to morning bread without brown rice flour, with the optimal results appreciated with a 2:1 ratio of rice flour to brown rice flour.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2009

This study examined effects on shelf-life extension and prevention of starch retrogradation in rye-wheat mixed bread (RWMB) samples prepared with substitutions of 20, 40, 60, and 80% rye sourdough (RSD) as well as a control made with the addition of naturally fermented raisin extract. These effects were investigated using mold growth, water activity, and textural characteristics during a storage period of 8 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The activities of the rye sourdough were examined in terms of pH, total titratable acidity, general bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast counts. As the incubation time of the sour dough increased, pH decreased, while total titratable acidity increased. General bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast counts increased with increasing incubation time. Mold grew on the external surface of the control group after 6 days and on the surface of the RSD bread samples after 8 days, respectively. With regard to water activity, the control group had increasing activity as the storage period increased. In addition, the 20, 40, 60, and 80% RSD samples had increasing water activities until the 4th day however, these strongly decreased by the 6th day. In terms of textural characteristics, as the storage period increased, hardness increased, while springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience decreased. There were no significant differences in gumminess among the samples. The control, 20, 40, and 60% RSD samples had decreases in chewiness with increasing storage time, however, the 40% RSD sample did not differ significantly during the storage period. Finally, water activity was negatively correlated with hardness (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting rye sourdough in rye-wheat mixed bread has a prolongation effect on shelf-life, but no effect on the prevention of starch retrogradation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.585-590
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine physical properties of the addition of Plantago powder on bread flour and dough fheology of white pan bread. Four levels(0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2%) of each Plantago powder with bread flour were tested for their effects in dough mixing using rapid visco analyzer, alveogram, farinogram and sensory test. Addition of Plantago powder(0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% ) showed almost same tendency on the initial pasting temperature but 1.2% increased it. Increment of Plantago powder showed increment of peak viscosity and final viscosity, L(extensibility) and G(swelling index) value in alveogram showed decrement with increasing Plantago powder. In farinogram the use of Plantago powder increased consistency and water absorption but decreased development time and stability. White pan bread using Plantago powder had higher value of Max. G and gardeness in rheometer than without using it. Sensory evaluation of white pan bread with 0.6% Plantago powder had the highest score.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.419-424
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• 2000

In order to develop the roll bread for diabetes mellitus patients, the roll bread mixed with soybean and barley flour to wheat flour was prepared and followed investigation of physical properties, sensory evaluation and blood glucose response of subjects. When soybean and barley flour was added more than 30%, hardness of mixed roll bread increased more than two times comparing to wheat flour. The roll bread mixed with 10% soybean flour was same in physical properties but was superior in sensory evaluation to wheat flour. While the blood glucose response after intake of roll bread mixed with soybean flour increased more slowly than that after intake of barley or wheat flour, glycemic index of soybean flour decreased. When roll bread was mixed with 10 to 30% soybean flour. the preference was almost same but control ability of blood glucose has improved comparing to adding barley or wheat alone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2003

최근 새로운 바다 자원으로서 “해양 심층수”가 주목받고 있다. 해양 심층수(深層水, deep sea water)는 태양광이 도달하지 않는 수심 200 m 이상 깊이의 물로 수온이 2$^{\circ}C$ 이하로 연중 거의 변화가 없는 저온안정성과 무기 영양염을 다량 포함하는 특징이 있어 심층수의 활용도는 매우 높다. NaCl만 제거하면 훌릉한 생수가 되기 때문에 심층수를 원료로 한 식품, 화장품, 의약품 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 미국, 일본 등지에서는 10여년전부터 심층수를 이용한 에너지, 수자원, 생수 및 식품 산업이 활발히 진행되어졌다. 현재 식품 산업분야로는 두부제조, 빵, 청주, 간장, 된장 등의 발효식품에 대한 연구가 진행되어지고 있다. 심층수를 적당하게 첨가하면 알코올 농도가 높아지는 발효강화작용이 있다. 새로운 건강 먹거리를 갈망하는 현대인들에게 해양 심층수를 이용한 발효식품은 매우 환영받을 것으로 사료된다. 이에 본 연구는 해양 심층수의 다양한 자원성을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해 심층수의 청정성과 풍부한 미네랄을 함유한 심층수의 농도에 따른 효모의 증식도를 알아봄으로서 적응력 강한 효모를 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 해양 심층수는 淸凉飮料水(日本ナチュラルヘルス株式會社, 深透水 1550) 사용하였다. 효모균주는 경북과학대 전통식품 연구소에서 보유하고 있는 9종의 효모를 사용하였으며, 심층수 경도 250, 500, 1000의 심층수와 1차 증류수(대조군)에 sucrose 10% 첨가한 당용액을 사용하였다. 또한 당의 적응력을 알아보기 위해 sucrose 10, 15, 20% 첨가 당용액을 사용하여 Sacch.cerevisiae kluyvery DJ97 효모의 증식도를 알아보았다. 그 결과, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12호 균주가 심층수 경도 500인 시험군에서 증식력이 높았으며, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 901 균주는 경도 1000인 시험군이 대조군에 비해 증식력이 높게 나타나 효모균주의 종류와 심층수의 첨가량에 따라 적응력이 차이가 있었다. 당농도와 심층수 첨가량에 따른 효모 균주의 발효력을 알아본 결과 심층수 경도 200의 당 10% 첨가군에서 가장 잘 증식하는 것으로 나타나, 알코을 효모균주의 발효력을 높이는데는 최적의 농도가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 심층수를 이용한 다양한 발효식품에 대한 연구가 요구되어진다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2008

"Charmdlerak" a new high-quality Korean wheat, was produced with production management from the Rural Development Administration (RDA). We evaluated the characteristics of grain, flour, and end-use quality of "Charmdlerak" wheat to assess consumer satisfaction with this new variety of wheat. Eighty-two farmers (450MT/100 ha) in Gwangju metropolitan city produced Keumkangmil wheat and 23 farmers (30 ha) produced "Charmdlerak" wheat "Charmdlerak" wheat had 1.55% ash content and 11.0-13.0% protein content "Charmdlerak" flour was milled by a commercial machine in Samyang Milmax. The protein content of "Charmdlerak" was slightly higher than that of flour from Hard Red Winter Wheat (HRWW), the most popular multipurpose flour in Korea. The ash content and color of "Charmdlerak" wheat were similar to those of HRWW. End-use quality testing of cooked noodles and bread indicated that "Charmdlerak" flour resulted in softer noodles and similar bread loaf volume compared with products made from Keumkangmil wheat.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2001

The effects of whole wheat flour on the Rheological Properties of dough gassing power of yeast S.cerevisiae and breadmaking properties were studied. The blending ratios of whole wheat flour to bread making flour were 0, 25, 50, 75 and water absorption in the farinography increasedlinerly from 62.5%in 100% bread making flour and 77.5% in 100% whole wheat flour. The hardness and cohesiveness of dough prepared with optimum moisture content was constant regardless of the blending ratio of whole wheat flour. whole wheat flour had no effect on the total gas production or the internal gas content in the dough at a constant moisture level but had detrimental effect on the loaf volume. In a dough at the optimum moisture level, whole wheat flour increased the two former parameters sensory evaluation indicated that the replacement in the range of 25 to 50% with whole wheat flour at the optimum moisture level was acceptable

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2017

Aronia is a superberry that contains antioxidants. Due to its nutritional value, it has received much attention and has been widely researched. In this study, the proportion of aronia powder applied to spelt wheat flour was measured with the pH ratio of the additive and respondents' preference was examined for the preferred addition to the additive population. As a result of the acidity measurement, the pH value tended to decrease as the amount of aronia powder was increased. As for the fermentation expansion rate, the volume of the dough added with aronia powder was measured to be slightly smaller than that without addition of aronia powder. Preference of breads with aronia powder added showed higher preference when 6% was added compared to when 3% of aronia powder was added. As a result of preference survey of breads containing aronia powder, the most preference was given to taste when 3% of aronia powder was added. Color, fragrance, and overall acceptance were the most preferred when 6% of aronia powder was added. Based on these results, the optimal mixing ratio of aronia powder to spelt flour bread was selected to be 6% of aronia powder.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2011

This study aims to increase the flavor of a lamb filet dish. The method used was as follows. Four kinds of crusts(mustard, herb & garlic, nuts, mushrooms) were made, and they were topped over lamb filet steaks. After cooking them, the good samples (mustard(MU3), herb & garlic(HG2), nuts(NC2), mushrooms(MC3)) by different materials through a sensory test were classified The selected samples were named as 1. Blank, 2. ECl(MU3), 3. EC2(HG2), 4. EC3(NC2), and 5. EC4(MC3). And then another sensory test was conducted targeting the samples to find out which crust had the best preference value. The results of the sensory test were statistically calculated Summarizing the results, all 4 kinds of samples topped with 4 different crusts showed much higher values than Blank, the control group. That indicates that the cooking method topping a crust on a lamb filet steak dish is very effective. Among them, the HG2 sample produced by mixing 70% of bread crumbs(115.5g) and 30% of garlic chop(49.5) with the base spice consisting of parsley 8g, rosemary 3g, basil 4g and olive oil 50g was evaluated as the best crust.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.147-160
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• 2013

This research investigates the quality characteristics of bread added with honey. The overall effects of honey on white pan bread were examined in terms of mixograph, fermentation rates, pH levels, TPA, colorimeter, water activity, hardness and moisture content of bread through different storage periods(1, 2, 3 days) using sensory evaluation. According to mixograph, all the samples were found to be proper between 3 and 5 minutes of peak time and their peak values were at the level of 60%. Also, HL100 had the highest fermentation rate and fermentation persistence from 60 min to 135 min. HL100 showed the lowest pH level in ingredient, dough, fermentation and crumb, and the highest specific volume. TPA analysis showed that HL100 had the lowest hardness and the highest springiness of all. And HL100 was the lowest in hardness(i.e. highest in softness) and had the highest moisture content after storage of 72 hours. Preference test showed that HL100 got the best texture, flavor, mouth feel, taste and overall acceptance. In these results of experiment, honey affects the quality of dough and bread, and liquid honey could be used as a substitute for sugar in breadmaking.