• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.135-157
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• 2004

This study was motivated from the proposition that readiness for self-sufficiency is important for future independent life of poor adolescents. This study focused on analyzing the effect of empowerment as a mediator as well as analyzing the effects of predictive factors of readiness for their self-sufficiency. For conducting this study, a survey method was used on 240 poor adolescents residing in Seoul. This study used path analysis method for analyzing mediator effect of empowerment. In the results, Statistically significant variables that had effect on readiness for self sufficiency through empowerment(intrapersonal, interpersonal, sociopolitical) were family relations and peer relations. Participation in social organization variable had a positive influence on readiness for self-sufficiency through interpersonal empowerment and sociopolitacal empowerment. Problematic variable had a negative influence on readiness for self-sufficiency through interpersonal empowerment. Such results provided knowledge foundations for diverse social work approaches related to promoting empowerment. Specifically, this study shows that diverse social services are necessary for promoting poor adolescents readiness and social work interventions are necessary for strengthening adolescents empowerment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.85-111
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• 2011

This study has the purpose to measure the multidimensional poverty in Korea by the counting approach which was theorized by Alkire and Foster to overcome problems of unidimensional approach, union method and intersection method for the identification of the multidimensional poor. By the counting approach applying to Welfare Panel in Korea during 2006-2008, the head-count ratio of the multidimensional poverty was measured. When 3 dimensions are applied as a dimension poverty line, the multidimensional poverty rate was 20% in 2008. It was due to broad deprivations in assets, social securities, income and health. Vulnerable classes such as single parent families, low-education level group, the aged, economically non-active population were among the severe poverty rates, which were reaching around 50%. The analysis reveals the possible alternative to change the present public assistance program to the robust approach of multidimensional poverty measurement, the counting approach. Social policies to reduce poverty in Korea would gain expected positive outcome with the various approaches based on the concepts of multidimensional poverty.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.167-194
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• 2004

This paper examine the gender-poverty gap and the feminization of poverty in Korea with using data from the National Survey Household Income & Expenditure(1996, 2000) and the Urban Survey Household Income & Expenditure(1996-2002) by Korea National Statistical Office. The poverty rate in 2000 was 16.9 percent for female-head families and 7.9 percent for male-head families, which means that female-head families were 2.6 times more likely to be poor than male-head families. With examining impact of economic crisis in 1998 on gender-poverty gap, it show that both the poverty rate of female-head and male-head increase radically in peak of economic crisis, while, in the stage of recovering economy, the poverty rate of male-head families recovered mostly the level before economic crisis, but that of female-head families recover only the 2/3 level before and the 1/3 remain still under poverty. Thus gender-poverty gap appeared bigger during passing through economic crisis. With analyzing on influence factors of poverty, it appear that poverty is influenced by gender itself as well as education level, working condition which is reflected substantially characteristics of gender. Such an analysis results mean that the considering gender dimension is necessary to resolve poverty fundamentally because gender is a point intersection among family, labour market, and social security. Therefore it appears certain that to develop and adopt of women-friendly social policy is effective approach, which could resolve poverty and social problems related to social rights.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.265-272
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• 2019

In this study, 'poverty', which we think in our daily life, started from something. In particular, this study typified the perception of poverty by using the 'Q methodology', a subjective research method, to examine individual subjective opinions. The results of the analysis are as follows. is a "Retraction type", and poverty is a problem of 'Retention', 'Individual Effort Problem', 'Social Structure Problem', 'Low Status' and 'Laziness'. is a "Individual Problem type", and emphasizes 'Individual Effort Problem', 'Laziness', 'Incompetence', 'Starvation' and so on. is a "Basic Problem type", and emphasizes the basic element of life such as 'The Food and Shelter problem', 'Starvation', 'Laziness', and 'No Money'. is a "Resource Distribution Problem Type" that emphasizes the problem of resource allocation according to social structural problems. This study typifies the perception of poverty using subjectivity research method on 21st century and expects converging extension study to empirical studies for generalization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.119
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• pp.177-195
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• 2007

The central aim of this paper is to identify the distributional pattern of poverty and to investigate the spatial relationship between poverty and welfare service providers in Busan, Korea. It is intended to explain how the relationship of service-dependency between impoverished people and social welfare services leads to uneven social geography. Welfare services controlled by public or private agencies may support the impoverished people in different ways, generating social outcomes. By exploiting the spatial variations in the incidence of poverty and the provisions of social welfare services, this paper is to understand the dynamics of the geography of poverty from a local scale so that it can help us understand how various governmental and nongovernmental area-based service providers are spatially uneven when they are compared to the distribution of service dependency group such as impoverished people. From this research, it is finally argued that the implications of locational interdependence between such needed groups and social welfare services for their support demand a paradigm for urban social geography that centers on the changing welfare provision structure and the linkages between population and service-provision.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.187-201
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• 2022

This study analyzed the dynamic changes in the energy poverty structure of all households, elderly households, and single-person households in Korea. To this end, a TIP curve was derived and the focus was on changes in energy poverty intensity and poverty incidence. For the data, annual and quarterly data on fuel costs from the National Statistical Office's Household Income and Expenditure Survey were used. And the results were presented using data from the first quarter, where the energy poverty problem can be prominent due to the high proportion of heating costs among the four quarters. As a result of the analysis, there was no clear improvement in poverty intensity and poverty incidence over time in the analysis of all households. However, the analysis of elderly and single-person households showed improvement in poverty intensity and poverty incidence over time. In particular, in the results of the analysis using the data for the first quarter, the poverty intensity and poverty incidence of elderly and single-person households improved remarkably. In addition, the poverty intensity and poverty incidence of the elderly and single-person households were larger than the all households, and the energy poverty of single-person households was more severe than that of the elderly households.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-73
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• 2006

Using 1998~2003 data of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey, we analyze the scale, characteristics, and dynamic transition of working poors. The result shows that more than half of the poor families are working poors and that a considerable portion of economically active households is in poverty. However, compare to other kinds of poor families, working poors can easily escape from poverty once after they entered into poverty. When household head is elderly and less educated, the risk of working poor is relatively high. Also, self-employed households have high risk of working poor compare to households having wage worker(s). To ease the problem of working poor, creation of decent jobs and human resource development for vulnerable groups are important. Especially, the creation of decent jobs will do critical roles not only in solving employment issues but also in moderating income inequality among families. Policy development for self-employed in the brink of poverty and establishment of a solid social security system for working poors are also recommended.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.20 no.1_2
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• pp.153-230
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• 1998

우리나라의 소득분배문제에 대해서 종래에는 적어도 1980년대 이후 개선되고 있으며, 국제비교에서도 다른 나라에 비해 결코 나쁘지 않다는 평가가 주류를 이루고 있었으나, 최근에는 그에 대한 반론이 만만치 않게 전개되고 있다. 본고에서는 "도시가계연보"의 원자료를 이용한 새로운 추계를 시도하여 1980년대의 소득분배가 지금까지의 통설처럼 그렇게 많이 개선된 것은 아니라는 결과를 제시하였다. 마찬가지로 일부의 반론처럼 1980년대의 소득분배가 실제로 악화되었다는 주장도 과장일 가능성이 크다는 점도 지적하였다. 단, 근로소득의 분배가 개선되고 있음은 분명하나 토지나 주식 등에 의한 불로소득까지 포함하면 결과는 크게 달라질 수 있다. 이 문제의 검증은 아직 끝난 것이 아니며, 올바른 결론에 도달하기 위해서는 앞으로 보다 많은 자료들이 발굴, 분석되어야 할 것이다. 한국의 자산분배에 대해서는 지금까지 자료가 별로 없어서 논의 자체가 어려운 상태였다. 최근 대우경제연구소의 패널 자료를 분석해본 결과, 한국의 부의 분배는 지금까지 알려진 것보다 훨씬 더 불평등하며, 특히 토지 등 실물자산의 불평등이 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 한국의 빈곤은 많이 줄어든 것이 사실이며, 다른 후진국과 비교해서 빈곤 축소에 큰 성과를 거둔 것으로 평가된다. 본고에서 좀더 현실적인 최저생계비를 가정하여 분석해본 결과 한국의 빈곤은 물론 많이 줄어들었지만 아직 상당히 남아 있으며, 빈곤의 크기 자체(빈곤 갭)는 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본고에서는 이러한 연구결과에 기초해서 우리나라의 분배문제에 대한 평가를 내리고 효율성과 형평성의 조화라는 관점에서 정책의 기본방향을 설정하였으며, 조세정책가 재벌정책에 초점을 맞추어서 정책방향을 논의하였다. 분배정의 관점에서, 우리나라의 세제는 직접세 비중을 높이고, 종합토지세, 상속 증여세 등 재산관련 세제의 기능을 강화하며, 근로자와 비근로자간 세부담의 형평성을 제고하는 방향으로 개편되어야 한다. 그리고 재별의 소유분산 자체보다는 재벌이 자행할 수 있는 경제적 부조리를 막기 위한 장치를 강화하는 것이 중요하다. 상속 증여세제 등의 강화나 기업경영의 투명성을 제고하기 위한 감시장치가 강화되어야 할 것이다. 특히 자유주의자가 강조하는 '정당한 권리의 원칙'으로서 '부정의의 시정'의 원칙이 보다 적극적으로 반영될 수 있어야 하며, 이러한 주장 자체가 시장 메커니즘을 옹호하는 진정한 자유주의 원칙에 입각하고 있다는 점이 강조되어야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.205-230
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• 2008

This study analyzed the regional effects on the poverty status of households and the poverty difference between Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan area in Korea. The Korea Welfare Panel Study was used for the study, and the results are as follows. First, the poverty rate of Non-metropolitan area is higher than Metropolitan area, and the poverty rate of small-sized regions is the highest area among Non-metropolitan areas. It shows that the poverty of regions is deeply related with the development of region. Second, the people living in Non-metropolitan area have experienced more hardships than the people of Metropolitan area, even though they have similar socio-demographic characteristics. It implies that living in the Non-metropolitan area is to have much more risk of poverty. Third, the regional effects on the poverty are found, that is, living in Non-metropolitan areas is positively associated with the poverty probability. Lastly, regional effect, that is the differences of the poverty probability between Metro and Non-metropolitan areas, is estimated as $49.2{\sim}73.7%$ of total poverty differences. Results of this study suggest that regional poverty policies are necessary to solve the regional differences of poverty in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.51-73
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• 2003

In the context of dramatic change in the formation of the Korean family, this study attempts to examine the role of social safety net in family disruption. This study selected 366 individuals who experienced family disruption, mainly divorce and separation, using the 1996 Panel of Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Methodologically, due to the absence of proper longitudinal data in korea for the purpose of this study, the study analyzed the SIPP and attempted to provide policy implications for Korea. Findings of the current study confirmed that women with children experienced severe economic decline upon family disruption. American social safety net was insufficient to protect mother with children from poverty. Findings imply that Korea needs to develop public policies to protect mother-only-families, who experienced family disruption, from poverty. Expanding and reforming the eligibility of public assistance can be an important policy recommendation. A strong guideline for awarding child support, an active labor market policy, and EITC may have a positive effect on increasing the income of mother-only-families.