• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.623-630
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• 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases. This study was to characterize early hepatic lipid changes in fatty liver rat model by in vivo short-echo time(TE) $^1H$-MRS(Proton - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy). Each the examinations were measured from liver parenchyma in rats at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks followed by high fat diet, respectively. Significant increase in lipid signals. 0.9, 1.3, 2.3, 2.8, and 5.3 ppm was found in animals with 2 weeks(p<0.01). Therefore, $^1H$-MRS is useful in detecting and characterizing various hepatic lipid alterations as early as 2 weeks for the start high fat diet.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.506-508
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• 2012

A 5-year-old, intact female, Pomeranian was presented with a persistent vomiting for 5 days after swallowing a chicken bone. The dog was diagnosed with an esophageal foreign body, and a small perforation was found after the endoscopic removal of the chicken bone. The dog was determined to be treated with a non-operative management, and a complete closure of the perforation was confirmed by a flexible endoscopy 3 weeks after removal of a chicken bone. This paper reports the case of esophageal perforation caused by foreign body in esophagus managed with the non-operative therapy instead of surgical correction.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-196
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• 2023

Advances in brain science have made it possible to stimulate the brain to treat brain disorder or to connect directly between the neuron activity and an external devices. Non-invasive neurotechnologies already exist, but invasive neurotechnologies can provide more precise stimulation or measure brainwaves more precisely. Nowadays deep brain stimulation (DBS) is recognized as an accepted treatment for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. In addition DBS has shown a certain positive effect in patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression. Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are in the clinical stage but help patients in vegetative state can communicate or support rehabilitation for nerve-damaged people. The issue is that the people who need these invasive neurotechnologies are those whose capacity to consent is impaired or who are unable to communicate due to disease or nerve damage, while DBS and BCI operations are highly invasive and require informed consent of patients. Especially in areas where neurotechnology is still in clinical trials, the risks are greater and the benefits are uncertain, so more explanation should be provided to let patients make an informed decision. If the patient is under guardianship, the guardian is able to substitute for the patient's consent, if necessary with the authorization of court. If the patient is not under guardianship and the patient's capacity to consent is impaired or he is unable to express the consent, korean healthcare institution tend to rely on the patient's near relative guardian(de facto guardian) to give consent. But the concept of a de facto guardian is not provided by our civil law system. In the long run, it would be more appropriate to provide that a patient's spouse or next of kin may be authorized to give consent for the patient, if he or she is neither under guardianship nor appointed enduring power of attorney. If the patient was not properly informed of the risks involved in the neurosurgery, he or she may be entitled to compensation of intangible damages. If there is a causal relation between the malpractice and the side effects, the patient may also be able to recover damages for those side effects. In addition, both BCI and DBS involve the implantation of electrodes or microchips in the brain, which are controlled by an external devices. Since implantable medical devices are subject to product liability laws, the patient may be able to sue the manufacturer for damages if the defect caused the adverse effects. Recently, Korea's medical device regulation mandated liability insurance system for implantable medical devices to strengthen consumer protection.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Purpose: To retrospectively compare minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) with open plate fixation for the treatment of clavicle midshaft fracture. Materials and Methods: Between November 2011 to May 2014, 40 cases that were followed for more than 1 year-among all cases of MIPPO and open plate fixation-were analyzed. The study population was divided into two groups: group A included 20 cases of MIPPO and group B included 20 open plate fixation cases. The comparative analysis between the two groups was based on the operative time, bone union, functional evaluation (American Shoulder and Elbow Society score), incision length, pain relief (visual analogue scale, VAS), and complication. Results: The bone union was successful for all the cases, and the functional evaluation scores of the shoulder joint were satisfactory for both groups (p>0.05). The operative time was 47.5 minutes and 58.7 minutes for group A and B, respectively (p<0.05). The incision length for group A was 6.2 cm and that for group B was 10.7 cm with statistical significance (p<0.05). Pain relief (VAS) after surgery for group A showed a quick recuperation in the early stages. For complications, there were 2 cases of dysesthesia and 1 case of malunion due to metal fixation failure in group A. There were 6 cases of dysesthesia and 2 cases of cosmetic problem due to hypertrophic scar in group B. Conclusion: Surgical results of clavicle shaft fracture were satisfactory for both groups, but group A had advantages of shorter operative time, minimal incision length, and better pain relief in the early stages compared with group B. However, we need further evaluations with long-term follow-up results and complications, such as malunion and exposure on radiation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 1990

골 신티그라피에서 신장이 희미하게 보이거나 전혀 안보이게 되는(이하 신장 영상 비출현이라 함) 원인 질환을 파악하고, 또 골 신티그라피에서 골전이가 발견된 여러 악성종양에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도 및 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 여러 악성종양의 골전이 범위를 관찰하기 위하여, 서울대학교 병원에서 최근 6년간 시행한 골 신티그람 중 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 889개를 재검토하였다. 신장영상 비출현의 원인 질환으로는 신부전이 대부분을 차지하였으나(816/889 : 91.8%), 신장 질환이 없는 경우에서는 광범위한 골전이가 가장 많았으며 (53/889 : 6.0%), 그 원발부위는 전립선암 (19/53 : 35.8%), 위암(14/53 : 26.4%), 유방암(5/53 : 9.4%), 폐암(4/53 : 7.5%) 신세포암(2/53 : 3.8%), 방광암(1/53 : 1.9%), 원발부위 미상(8/53 : 15.1%)으로 전립선암과 위암이 가장 많았다. 특히 강직성 척추염 4예, 류마토이드 관절염 3예, 성인형의 골화석증 1예에서 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보여 이채로왔으며, 이 밖에 원발성 부갑상선 기능항진증 및 그레이브스병이 각 1예씩 있었으며 원인을 알 수 없는 경우가 10예 있었다. 전립선암 140예중 골 신티그라피에서 골전이가 발견된 예는 108예(77.1%), 이중 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 예는 19예(19/108, 17 6%)이었으며, 위암에서는 각각 328예, 162예(49.4%), 14예 (8.6%), 유방암에서는 각각 1754예, 730예 (41.6%), 5예(0.7%), 폐암에서는 각각 1105예, 596예(53.9%), 4예(0.7%), 방광암에서는 각각 247예, 110예(44.5%), 1예(0.9%)로 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높아 주목되었다. 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 악성종양 환자의 골 신티그람 53개중 44개 (83.0%)에서 척추 및 늑골에 미만성, 또는 다발성 침습이 관찰되었다. 또 골전이 부위를 두개골, 척추, 견대부, 늑골, 골반, 사지의 근위부 장골의 6개 부위로 나누어 분석할 경우 49개(92.5%)에서 3부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었고, 35개(66.0%)에서 4부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었으며, 5부위 이상, 6개 부위에 모두 전이가 발견된 것은 각각 20개 (37 7%), 11개(20.8%)이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 악성종양 환자의 골 신피그라피에서 신장 영상의 비출현은 종양의 광범위한 골전이를 간접적으로 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. 여러 악성종양중 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높음은 주목할 만한 것이라 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.452-456
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• 2000

A measurement unit and signal processing algorithm have been developed for predicting arterial oxygen saturation noninvasively. The measurement set-up was composed of a probe including light source and photodetector, optical signal processing section, LED driving circuit, PC interface software for data acquisition and data processing software. Light from the LED's was irradiated onto the finger nail bed and transmitted light was measured at different wavelengths. An effective baseline correction method was developed and measured data were analyzed by using various data processing methods and prediction algOlithms. For performance evaluation, a pulse oximeter simulator (Bio- Tek Instrument Inc.) was used as reference. The best performance in terms of the correlation coefficient and the standard deviation was obtained under the following conditions; when the arterial signals were computed in terms of area rather than peak-valley difference, and when the algorithm calculating by $In(I_p/I_v)/I_{avr}$ value for pulsation waveform was used. In in vivo test, prediction was improved when the developed baseline correction method was used. In addition, wavelengths of 660 nm and 940 nm provided better linearity and precision than wavelengths of 660 nm and 805 nm. 05 nm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.465-468
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• 2014

In this paper, we describe a method capable of measuring biological signals including respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, using UWB (Ultra Wide Band) pulses, while does not contact the human body. Physiological signal is a basic data for checking the health. Because life is longer and active area of human becomes very broad, the medical system and the physical human resources which are focused on existing hospital must be located close patient, In that way, they hope be to engage in healthy life by stepping a quick step and treatment. Thus, it must be fitted closely to the patient. It is necessary to monitor the health without inconvenience on an ongoing basis. How to utilize radio waves in this way have been studied for a long time. However, the characteristics of radio waves on the human body has not been accurately grasped and developed as such. Accordingly, it is a level that can not be applied clinically. So, it is not widely put to practical use. In this paper, We analyzed and described the impact and characteristics of UWB pulses to the human body is a problem existing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.756-763
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• 2021

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare, multi-systemic disease primarily affecting young male adults with a history of smoking. The two patients with PLCH in our report showed relatively early and atypical radiologic presentations at initial evaluation. On chest CT, PLCH presents variable radiologic features depending on the evolutional stage of the disease. Atypical CT features of PLCH may render precise radiologic diagnosis difficult and usually require lung biopsy for a confirmation of the diagnosis. Our case review is aimed at raising the awareness of radiologists on the atypical CT features of PLCH, to help make accurate radiologic diagnosis and prevent unnecessary and invasive diagnostic procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.808-829
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed noninvasively on multiphasic CT and MRI based on its distinctive imaging findings. These features include arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on portal or delayed phase images. However, radiologists face significant diagnostic challenges because some HCCs exhibit atypical imaging characteristics. In addition to many HCC-mimicking lesions, such as arterioportal shunts, combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hemangioma present a challenge for radiologists in actual clinical practice. The ability to distinguish HCCs from mimickers on initial imaging examinations is crucial for appropriate management and treatment decisions. Therefore, this pictorial review presents the imaging findings of atypical HCCs and HCCs mimicking malignant and benign lesions and discusses important clues that may help narrow down the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.992-998
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• 2004

Background: The decision of staging of esophageal cancer have great effect on the resectability of the lesion and estimation of the patient's prognosis. Today, CT is one of the most popular modality for staging of esophageal cancer. However, it has some limitations because of false-positive or false-negative findings on cancer staging. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of CT in preoperative staging of esophageal cancer. Material and Method: We retrospectively analysed the difference of staging of esophageal cancer between CT and histopathological findings for the 114 patients with histologically proven esophageal cancer who underwent operation at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Chonnam national university hospital, between January 1999 and June 2003. We evaluated the efficacy of chest CT in the staging of esophageal cancer compared to postoperative histopathologic findings by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility of chest CT to detect abnormality. Result: The reproducibilities between chest CT and histopathologic findings were 0.32 (p<0.01) for primary tumor (T), 0.36 (p<0.01) for lymph node invasion (N), and 0.62 (p<0.01) for distant metastasis (M). The reproducibilities between chest CT and histopathologic findings for lymph node invasion (N) and distant metastasis (M) were superior to that of primary tumor (T). The accuracy of primary tumor (T) was 65.8% and 98.2% in group III and IV, which was significantly higher than that of group I and II (78.9% and 62.3%). In general, specificity of chest CT for TNM staging was superior to sensitivity. Conclusion: In conclusion, preoperative CT scanning can provide important information on lymph node invasion and metastasis of lesion than primary tumor invasion.