• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.535-544
• /
• 2018

Autonomous driving can be limited by only using sensors if the sensor is blocked by sudden changes in surrounding environments or large features such as heavy vehicles. In order to overcome the limitations, the precise road-map has been used additionally. This study was conducted to segment and classify road objects using 3D point cloud data acquired by terrestrial mobile mapping system provided by National Geographic Information Institute. For this study, the original 3D point cloud data were pre-processed and a filtering technique was selected to separate the ground and non-ground points. In addition, the road objects corresponding to the lanes, the street lights, the safety fences were initially segmented, and then the objects were classified using the support vector machine which is a kind of machine learning. For the training data for supervised classification, only the geometric elements and the height information using the eigenvalues extracted from the road objects were used. The overall accuracy of the classification results was 87% and the kappa coefficient was 0.795. It is expected that classification accuracy will be increased if various classification items are added not only geometric elements for classifying road objects in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.603-611
• /
• 2011

In order to enhance cutting efficiency of reed culms, we had assessed diverse methodology in cutting and applied better conditions among them into three vigorous eco-types of common reed. From the results, differences in a eco-type, a sampling area in reed population and substrata affected the shoot emergence slightly. On the other hand, differences in a type of burying culms and a burying part among whole culm affected shoot emergence strongly. Our results suggest that not only methodological condition but also appropriate kind of eco-types must be considered in using reed culms for better cutting. In addition that, sampling timing according to the geological and climatic condition of certain area should be considered for better cutting efficiency as well. We also recommend that the sampling area such as expanding area in a population, burying a middle part of the culm, substratum such as well-ventilated sand and vertical burying method for better cutting efficiency. Lastly, for more enhancement of cutting efficiency of reed culms, potential damages by blight and harmful insects such like aphids should be concerned very carefully.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare EMG activities on the lower limb muscles during power walking and mormal walking. Seventeen subjects who have no known musculoskeletal disorders performed walking exercise at a cadence of 140 beats/min. After surface electrodes were attached to rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, averageed IEMG and peak IEMG, were measured. The result showed that the power walking did influence the averaged IEMG and peak IEMG. The EMG activity of the quadriceps during power walking was significantly higher than the corresponding values in normal walking during most phases. The averaged IEMG and peak IEMG of gastrocnemius muscles at the end of the double limb stance increased significantly when going from normal walking to power walking. The results indicate that power walking had greater effect on EMG activities on the lower limb muscles and demonstrate that the wide range of benefits can be obtained from power walking in respect to health and fitness. This study suggests that power walking has the potential to improve aerobic fitness and assist in weight management.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 2016

Accurate understanding of land surface is essential to analyze energy exchanges between earth surface and atmosphere. For the quantization of energy fluxes, the various researches about Land Surface Model(LSM) have been progressed. Among the various LSMs, the researches using Common Land Model(CLM) and Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC) model are performed briskly. The CLM which is advanced LSM can calculate realistic results with few user defined parameters. The VIC model which is also typical LSM is widely used for estimation of energy fluxes and runoff in various fields. In this study, the energy fluxes which are net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux were estimated using CLM and VIC model at Southern Sierra-Critical Zone Observatory(SS-CZO) site in California, United States. In case of net radiation and sensible heat flux, both models showed good agreement with observations, however, the CLM showed underestimated patterns of net radiation and sensible heat flux during precipitation period. In case of latent heat flux, the CLM represented better estimation of latent heat flux than VIC model which underestimated the latent heat flux. Through the estimation of energy fluxes and analysis of models' pros and cons, the applicability of CLM and VIC models and need of multi-model application were identified.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.87-103
• /
• 2019

This study introduces the overall characteristics of LOVECLIM version 1.3, the earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC), including the installation and operation processes by conducting two kinds of past climate simulation. First climate simulation is the equilibrium experiment during the mid-Holocene (6,000 BP), when orbital parameters were different compared to those at present. The overall accuracy of simulated global atmospheric fields by LOVECLIM is relatively lower than that in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and Paleoclimate modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3 (PMIP3) simulations. However, surface temperature over the globe, the 800 hPa meridional wind over the mid-latitude coastal region, and the 200 hPa zonal wind from LOVECLIM show similar spatial distribution to those multi-model mean of CMIP5/PMIP3 climate models. Second one is the transient climate experiment from mid-Holocene to present. LOVECLIM well captures the major differences in surface temperature between preindustrial and mid-Holocene simulations by CMIP5/PMIP3 multi-model mean, even though it was performed with short integration time (i.e., about four days in a single CPU environment). In this way, although the earth system model of intermediate complexity has a limit due to its relatively low accuracy, it can be a very useful tool in the specific research area such as paleoclimate.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 1987

The susceptibility of 8 chrysanthemum varieties to Apelenchoides ritzemabosi, Shuhonothikara and Sagakiku were resistant by 11.7% and 14.5% each infested leaf, Sinrokusiogio, Dangonanako and Sintoa were susceptible as above 50%, Gold wave and Tenju were modertae by 24 to 26%. Percentage of infested leaf was positively correlated with the number of epidermal hair but not with leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal size, number of stomata and length of epidermal hair. In effect of watering method, Polyethylene film cover plot was lowest by 9.4%, next conventional watering plot by 50%, Conventional watering and spray plot was the highest by 62%. The infested leaf rate was closely related with a number of rainy days than the amount of rainfall. Effect of chemical soil treatment, Temik showed the lowest infested leaf rate by 5%. There was no significant difference between the chemicals except Temik, but these are markedly effective in compare to control.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 1974

In autumn season residual period of nicotine is observed in the larval duration, weight of molting larvae at the various stages, percentage of delayed molting larvae, and survival rate up to the 3rd stage from the 1st season to the 3rd season and up to the stage for four seasons, respectively. Mulberry tree is planted in pot from June 18, 1973 to August 4, 1973 and placed every other row between tobacco variety of Hicks cultivated in mulching system and control is prepared in the Sericultural Experiment Station, placing in the every ridge of mulberry field with the four seasons ; 5 day isolation (1st season), 15 day isolation (2nd season), 25 day isolation (3rd season), and 50 day isolation (4th season). 1) 1st and 3nd instar larvae fed with the tobacco stained mulberry leaf has longer larval duration for the four seasons, as compared with those of the control, increasing 12％ in index with 28 hours, 17％ in index with 37 hours, 23％ in index with 50 hours, 17％ in index with 43 hours from the 1st season to the fourth season and the 3rd to the 4th instar larvae, increasing 18％ in index with 55 hours. 2) 2nd instar molting larvae, 3rd instar molting larvae from the 1st to the 4th season and 4th instar molting larvae at the 4th season decrease their larval weight respectively, as compared with the control. 3) Percentage of delayed molting larvae from the 3rd stage to the 4th stage goes up higher than that of the control in the End larval stage at the 3rd to the 4th season, in the 3rd larval stage at the 1st, the End, and the 4th season, and in the 4th larval stage at the 4th season, respectively. 4) Survival rates in the 2nd larval stage at the 2nd season to the 4th season, in the 3rd larval stage at the 1st to the 4th season, and in the 4th larval stage at the 4th season respectively are higher than that in the control.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 2012

A new trenchless tunneling method using pressurizing support has been developed. As it overcomes shortcomings of conventional methods, it is applied to the field. The main concept of the new method is the pressurization system which, by means of pressurization bag between outer flange of steel ribs and excavated perimeter, applies the pressure corresponding to the magnitude of the relaxed earth pressure caused by excavation to the ground to prevent ground displacement. The stability of the support members and effect of displacement control of the new method were verified through several ways such as numerical tests and various model tests. The new method was applied to the construction of a 10.7 m wide, 7.9 m high and 85 m long road tunnel that passes under Yeongdong Expressway. By applying the new method, the tunnel construction was successfully completed in 13.5 months. It decreases the construction period to 35% compared to that of conventional methods, and ground displacement was almost negligible.

• The monthly packaging world
• /
• s.155
• /
• pp.52-94
• /
• 2006

국내 최대이자, 유일한 포장전문전시회 코리아팩 2006이 이달 21일부터 4일간 경기도 킨텍스(KINTEX)전시장에서 열린다. 서울국제식품전과 더불어 제약 · 화장품 산업전시회(COPHEX)과 함께 동시에 개최되는 코리아팩 2006을 통해 국내 포장업계는 새로운 위기의 탈출을 모색하고 있다. 따라서 이번 코리아팩 2006은 국내 포장산업의 새로운 면모를 해외에 알리면서 국내 포장산업의 어려움을 극복하는 전기가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 특히, 이번 KOREA PACK 2006 전시회는 산업자원부의 유망전시회로 3년 연속 선정되었고, 최근 경기도의 국도비지원대상 전시회에 선정되어 해외 바이어 유치를 위한 정부 및 지방자치단체의 지원을 동시에 받게 되는 등 그 위치가 격상되어 가고 있다. 본 고에서는 코리아팩 2006의 개요와 출품업체들의 대표 품목을 살펴봄으로서 지면을 통해 코리아팩 2006을 먼저 만나본다.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.34
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2006

A Computational study was carried out in order to investigate the moving wall effect of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of $2.0{\times}10^4$. The viscous-incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and Spalart-Almaras turbulent model of the commercial CFD code were adopted for this numerical analysis. The moving wall was set parallel with the freestream, and moving speed was equal to the freestream velocity. The gap ratio is defined as the distance ratio between the circular cylinder diameter and the height from the moving wall. The results show that there is vortex shedding over the critical gap ratio and aerodynamic loads including amplitude and the Strouhal number change according to the gap ratio.