• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

Purpose: Most nasal bone fractures involve the septum; either or both of the ethmoidal perpendicular plate(EPP) and quadrangular cartilage(QC). Unlocked tension from the underlying quadrangular cartilage and poorly reducted bony septum are obstacles to the successful reduction of nasal bone. So we compared the preliminary outcome of septoplasty as a primary treatment with the untreated septum in nasal bone fractures. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 215 patients underwent reduction of nasal fracture between January 2002 and February 2008. We graded patients into four groups according to the amount of deviation and direction of force by CT. Our indication for septoplasty and combined procedures was the deviation of EPP or QC over 50% from the midline. We interviewed part of the patients by telephone regarding the subjective esthetic and functional outcomes. Results: Forty five of 215 patients (21 percent) underwent septoplasty and combined procedures (cartilage graft, etc) after the informed consent. Patients who underwent septoplasty significantly satisfied with the outcome of esthetic appearance and nasal patency compared with patients who underwent simple closed reduction despite of having septal deviation over 50 percent from the midline. (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Septal surgery and esthetic consideration shoud be made even in simple nasal reductions. And if CT scans reveal severe deviation of septum, septoplasty should be considered as a primary treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

Septal deviations interfere with the nasal airflow and contribute to the deformities in the external appearance of the nose. An aesthetically and functionally satisfactory correction of severe septal deformities often requires temporary intraoperative removal of the septal cartilage for appropriate remodeling. This article describes septoplasty through dorsal approach for the correction of septal deviation. From March 2001 to April 2004, the author performed septoplasty through dorsal approach for the correction of septal deviations on 45 patients, of whom 22 of whom had nasal obstruction. Open rhinoplasty was used for dorsal approach in all patients and operation was performed under the general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The follow-up period of the patients ranged from 3 to 15 months with a mean of 10 months, and postoperative results were quite satisfactory. There was neither incidences of patients' complaints, nor any complications such as hematoma, septal perforation, supratip deformity, or recurrence. And there was some improvement of nasal obstruction in 15 patients. In conclusion, Septoplasty through dorsal approach is an effective method for the correction of septal deviation and improvement of the nasal airway obstruction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.749-754
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• 2010

Knowledge of the characteristics of airflow in nasal cavities is essential to understand the physiological and pathological aspects of nasal breathing. In our laboratory, a series of experimental investigations on the nasal airflow was conducted; airflow in models of normal and deformed nasal cavities under both constant and periodic flow conditions was studied by PIV. Some of the patients with asymmetric nasal cavities experience pain or discomfort, while other patients with asymmetric nasal cavities do not experience pain. Airflows inside asymmetric nasal cavities with and without obstructions due to a bent nasal septum are investigated both experimentally by PIV and numerically by using the general-purpose FVM code in order to determine the reason for the above-mentioned discrepancy. The comparisons between two cases are tried. Heat and humidity distribution are investigated numerically.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.530-534
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• 2007

Nasal fractures are the most common type of facial fractures. Nowdays computed tomography is found to be very helpful in diagnosing nasal fracture, especially in findings the nasal septal fractures. From August 2004 to July 2005, 36 cases of nasal fracture were admited and reviewed to oral and maxillofacial surgery of Ulsan University Hospital, not including other facial bone fracture. Out of 223 cases of facial bone fractures, we treated 47 cases of nasal fractures. We reviewed and examined the 36 patients of nasal fractures 2months postoperative. The results were 28cases of male and 8cases of female. The highest age frequency was in the fourth decades group. The most frequent causes of injury were falling down and fist trauma. The 25(69%) patients were found to have septal fractures, after computed tomography findings. The treatment methods of nasal fracture were closed reduction(13cases), open reduction(20cases), ORIF(1case), non operation(2cases). Complications of nasal deformity were found in 2patients. Septoplasty was performed on 21 patients. Septal fractures in combination with nasal fracture are usually unrecognized and untreated at the time of injury, usually ended in nasal deformities. It is important to find out the exact type of nasal fractures. We will report the results of treatment of nasal fractures with a literature review.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.14.3-14
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• 1983

In recent years there has been considerable interest in reconstructive surgery of the trachea for cervical tracheal stenosis developed by complication of endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy, or trauma of the neck. The methods used to reconstruct the tracheal defects can be repaired with end-to - end anastomosis, cervical flaps, and autogenous graft materials. Since Grillo had undertaken tracheal reconstruction after circumferential resection in dogs, resection and end - to - end anastomosis was used in cases of circumferential stenosis. And, costal, nasal septal and auricular cartilage have been used for the autogenous graft materials. Since Caputo and Consiglio had undergone tracheoplasty with auricular cartilage, Morgenstein reported successful repair of a tracheal defect with a composite postauricular cartilage graft. The advantages of the auricular cartilage graft are its easy accessibility, availability and familiarity to the otolaryngologist. In past 2 years, We performed the tracheoplasty with auricular cartilage graft and end- to end an astomosis after segmental resection in 5 patients who had suffered from tracheal stenosis. And we obtained good results. So, we reported the cases with review of the literatures.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.18.3-19
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• 1983

Choanal atresia, described first by Johann Roedere (1755) is an obstruction between the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal vault, and the diagnosis and treatment were developed because of severity of the disease. Embryologically, incomplete development of olfactory pit, or failure of nasobuccal membrane to rupture, or persistent remaining of buccopharyngeal membrane, etc, all forms the congenital choanal atresia. And the acquired type was the result from syphilis or diphtheria with a resultant stenosing cicatrix and after the inexpert surgery and the trauma. Multiple abnormalities may be present particularly affecting the head, the heart and the alimentary system in the congenital type. The operative technique employed would depend upon the type of obstruction(whether membranous or bony), the age of the patient, and the presence or absence of any associated pathologic condition. Since Emmert (1853) first tried blind puncture of the atretic plate with the trocar, other surgical techniques have been introduced over the years for the correction of choanal atresia, which were the transnasal, transpalatal, transantral and the transseptal approach. Among them, transpalatal approach was proved to be a popular technique, that it provides a direct route, thus permitting an exact reconstruction and low restenosis rate. Recently, we have experienced two cases of choanal atresia and treated successfully with transpalatal approach, so authors report these cases with a review of the literature.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.71-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to Prove that the medial edge epithelial cells covering the secondary palatal shelves were removed by apoptosis during palatal fusion. 12 mature female rats (Suprague-Dawley) were mated overnight with male rats and sacrificed on days 15.0, 16.5, 16.75, 17.0 of pregnancy. The embryos were removed from the uterus and the heads were embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were sectioned and the sections were undergone H-E staining for general histologic feature and TdT staining for detection of apoptotic cells. The obtained results were as follows. k. In the section of 16.0 and 16.5 day embryos, the palatal shelves were prior to contact and no apoptotic cells wereobserved in the medial edge epithelium. At the initial contact of Palatal shelves, there was a few apoptotic cells in the fusing epithelium. 2. In the 16.75 day embryos, the samples that epithelial seams did not lost there continuity, apoptotic cells were rarely seen at the midline epithelial seam. In contrast, a lot of apoptotic cells were observed at epithelial triangles and the junction between palatal shelves and nasal septum. 3. In the 16,75 day embryos, the samples that epithelial seams lost their continuity and disrupted to epithelial islands, large number, of apoptotic cells were observed at epithelial islands and epithelial triangles. Some apoptotic cells were also observed at the oral, nasal epithelium near the midline. 4. In the 17.0 day embryos, most of epithelial islands were disappeared and mesenchymal confluence was achieved. Apoptotic cells were rarely observed in the mesenchymal tissue which replaced epithelial islands, but there were some apoptotic cells at the epithelial triangles, oral and nasal epithelium. From the results of the study, it was revealed that medial edge epithelial cells of fusing palate were removed by apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were found mainly in the disappearing midline epithelial seam and the oral and nasal epithelial triangles at some late stages of palatal fusion.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

The movie, (Jurassic Park) made by ultramodern Computer Graphics has earned 100 million dollors admission fee in 9 days after opening release and has earned 3000 million dollors that add direct income to relative field income composed by fancy industry, theme park, and so on. If you compare the income with hollywood movies with ours total amount of export, you will know the contents industry scale Many countries weight on contents industry in national supports movies, now. All image softwares that have same target movies, computer game, animation, etc. compress to contents to entertainment and was expected to secure the superiority on the 21th ultramodern media industry. The one have hegemony 21th information period if how much have the contents by the dizital broadcasting. But meaning of intercultural communication play on important part more value of contents than value of political and economical aspect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.582-594
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• 2001

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of sulfur dioxide on the histological changes, properties of mucosubstances and glycoconjugates of the nasal respiratory mucosa in the rat. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 200~250g were divided into a control group and SO$_2$ exposed groups. Again SO$_2$ exposed groups were divided into 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 200 ppm subgroups, according to concentrations of SO$_2$ and each SO$_2$exposed groups were divided into 1, 3 and 6 hours groups. For the histological changes, hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) and periodic acid Schiff's(PAS) stainings were used, and for the properties of mucosubstances, PAS, alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0 and aldehyde fuchsin (AF) pH1.7-AB pH 2.5 were used. In all the SO$_2$ exposed groups, loss of cilia and detachment of epithelial cells, vacuolation of goblet cells were observed in the respiratory epithelium while epithelial squamous metaplasia and intraepthelial mucous cells were observed in the higher concentration of SO$_2$ and the degree of the loss cilia was higher according as concentration was higher and exposed time was longer. The intraepitheial mucous cells appeared most remarkable in the 50 ppm SO$_2$ exposed group. The numbers of goblet cells and acini of nasal septal gland were varied according to concentration of SO$_2$ and exposed time, but the numbers in the 25 ppm and 50 ppm, SO$_2$ exposed increased remarkably. However, the numbers in the 100 ppm and 200 ppm SO$_2$ exposed group had a tendency to decrease noticeably, or disappeared.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2001

The present study was carried out to compare the postoperative results of Cronin triangular flap and Millard rotation-advancement repair techniques in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip. Thirteen patients with unilateral complete cleft lip underwent 6 Cronin triangular flap and 7 Millard rotation-advancement repairs at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital over a period of 6 years (January 1994 to December 1999). The surgical results following the operation were assessed on the basis of scoring, vertical lip length and scar hypertrophy. The mean score was better in Cronin triangular flap group($74.77{\pm}0.86$) than in Millard rotation-advancement group($66.50{\pm}1.14$) for both lip and nose segments. Scar hypertrophy developed in the Millard rotation-advancement repair group with 28.6% incidence but not in the Cronin triangular flap group. No significant difference was found in the ratio of lip length between Millard rotation-advancement repair and Cronin triangular flap groups($0.73{\pm}0.10$ and $0.80{\pm}0.96$). These results suggest that Cronin triangular flap shows better results than Millard rotation-advancement repair in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip.