• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.795-814
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• 2021

With the development of science and technology in recent years, various types of unstructured buildings have begun to be implemented by combining traditional architectural styles with digital tools, which are significantly different from conventional formal buildings. Designers will use various methods or digital tools to complete the unstructured and freer architectural forms when building an unstructured building. Based on this background, the need for research on the criteria for evaluating the characteristics of unstructured architectural forms is raised. First, the text was reconstructed by considering and integrating the elements of the unstructured exterior form based on prior research, with the external form of the unstructured building as the main research object. Second, the purpose of this study was to classify various types of unstructured forms and to provide important basic data for designing digital processes of unstructured architectural forms.Third, from 2000 to 2020, the text focused on the study of unstructured buildings and conducted in-depth analysis of the characteristics of their form expressions. While providing a case basis for the study of related fields, distribution laws and presence values related to the characteristics of unstructured buildings were sought. In addition, the analysis was conducted in combination with the distribution of functional use of buildings, and this study is differentiated from the existing research in that the atypical form is applied to the buildings by use, and the application trend of this type is understood to enhance understanding of the atypical form of buildings.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.76-79
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• 2009

최근 계획되고 있는 초고층 건축물은 높이에 따른 기술경쟁력의 과시와 함께 비정형의 자유로운 건축적 형상을 통한 디자인 형태의 상징성을 강조하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이러한 비정형 건축물의 구조시스템은 기술적, 경제적 문제로 인해 한정된 수의 가능성 있는 대안만이 고려되어 왔으나, 첨단 디지털 기술의 발전에 따라 비정형 건축물의 구조시스템에 대해 이전에는 적용이 불가능하였던 다수의 구조시스템 대안을 생성하고 동일한 컨셉을 가진 다양한 구조시스템 대안의 비교평가를 통해 검토안의 수를 최소화하는 것이 가능해졌다. 본 연구에서는 비정형 건축물 구조시스템 설계를 위한 디지털 요소기술에 대해 현재까지의 연구현황을 분석하고 앞으로의 연구방향과 과제를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.434-440
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• 2013

Generally, the envelope of a freeform building is composed of a structure made with rectangular or C-shaped steel pipe, and steel or aluminum panel finishes on the structure. However, these construction methods increase material loss and cost and time. There are also numerous cases of misunderstanding of design and difficulties in construction, which frequently cause construction errors. Such construction errors decrease construction productivity, resulting in poor construction quality and the need for rework, as well as cost and time overruns. To solve the problem, this study proposes a 3D coordinate control technology for freeform structure implemented through a CNC(Computerized Numerical Control) Twisted tube method, and by extension, develops a BIM-based envelope construction method for freeform building.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

Nowadays the widely used media in architecture include visualizations, animations and three-dimensional models. 3D digital methods using active CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing) and CNC(Computerized Numerical Control) imaging have been developed for accurate shape and 3D measurements in freeform buildings. In contrast to a conventional building using auto CAD system and others, the proposed digital optimization method is based on a combination of 3D numerical data and parametric 3D model for design and construction. The objective of this paper is therefore to present digital optimization process for constructability of freeform building. The method can be useful in the effective implementation of an error-proofing process of freeform building during design and construction phase. 3D digital coordinate data can be used effectively to identify correct size of structural and finish members and installation location of each members in construction field. In addition, architects, engineers and contractors can evaluate design, materials, constructability and identify error-proofing opportunities. Other project participants can also include representatives from all levels of management, departments as well as workers and key subcontractors' personnel, if necessary. The 3D digital optimization process is therefore appropriate to serious variations in freeform shape. For future study, the developed digital optimization method is necessary to be carried out to verify the robustness and accuracy for constructability in construction field.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2014

The Global's top five Design Firms selected from BauNetz a German architectural magazine in 2007 designed free form building design which was 25% of the overall design by 2006-2010. Free form building is a landmark of the city and the country so its social and economic impacts are very large. In case of Korea, free form buildings such as Tribowl in Incheon, KINTEX Exhibition hall 2 and Dongdaemun Design Plaza have increased. However, those the increase in design trends and, the needs due to the lack of free form building design and construction management experience, free form building projects can't be expected to profitability and have a number of problems after completion. Especially, there are many excessive quality problems and the rising cost due to design changes frequently and lack of experience and data. Thus an initial plan regardless of considering of free form building's characteristics can be a huge risk because of the difference with the plan and actual projects, yet there aren't free form building project's performance data and case studies related to productivity. In this study, through selection of low-construction productivity works and an analysis of the work process and productivity data, hope to propose an actual field productivity of free form building and the ways to improve productivity.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.1041-1048
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• 2019

Recently, social demands on atypical buildings and building spaces are increasing, and examples of atypical buildings are easily seen in major cities around the world. This study investigates the user behaviors in the typical atypical buildings currently constructed and analyzes the characteristics of human behavior in the atypical building space. Ultimately, this study aims to develop human behavior simulation technology for reviewing residential performance of atypical building space design, and the results of this study can be used for user behavior modeling and simulation technology development. This is because it is difficult to find an investigation or analysis of what behavioral characteristics occur in the atypical building space in previous studies. This study derives the characteristics of human behavior in the atypical architectural space that has been overlooked in the existing human behavior simulation tools. In other words, the site visits and surveys typical atypical buildings to investigate user behaviors in typical spaces and other atypical buildings.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2014

The outer surfaces of free form buildings contain panels with two-directional curvatures. To construct these panels, complex geometric surfaces should be divided into forms and sizes that can be manufactured and constructed efficiently. Because the bigger the curvatures of these panel, the more expensive the construction costs, these complex curvatures should go through optimal process of reinterpretation to minimize the curved surfaces with complex two-directional curvatures, which is called panel optimization. Small construction and design companies have trouble in calculating even rough estimate and cannot adjust expected construction cost of the panels based on comparison of design alternatives in conjunction with panel optimization process due to lack of knowledge and experience. This study conducts the research that can support designers' cost decision-making in the design stage of the free form buildings with respect to the panel optimization process. A 3D commercial application specialized to modeling free form shapes is used for the purpose.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.565-570
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• 2009

국내의 비정형 건축물은 현재 도입기로, 동대문디자인파크, 전곡선사박물관, 부산국제영화센터 등이 건설 계획 되어지고 있지만 대부분이 실시설계 또는 착공단계에 머물고 있고, 아직까지 구체적인 시공단계에 이른 건축물이 없는 실정으로 비정형외장재의 이중곡률 (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spines)을 반영한 프로토타이핑(Prototyping), 패널화(Panelizing), 현장조립 시 기하학 통제기법, 시공오차 측정기법, As-Planned 도면과 As-Built 도면의 비교를 통한 준공도면의 작성기법 등에 대한 준비가 절실히 필요한 상황이다. 그러나 현재 비정형 건축물의 설계는 초기계획(Concept Design) 단계에서 건축가와 구조기술자의 협업 중요성만 강조되고 있고, 건축물이 비정형화됨에 따라 기하학적으로 설계 및 시공되어야 하는 건축물의 외장재에 대한 설계방법과 시공단계에서 시공품질 확보방안, 시공 하자를 유발시키는 다양한 변수에 대한 대응방안 등은 아직까지도 그 중요성을 인식하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비정형 건축물의 설계에 사용되는 Architectural Geometry Control 도구 중 그 활용성이 부각되어 지고 있는 Bentley 사의 Generative Components를 활용하여 비정형 건축물의 이중곡률 곡면외장재의 부재생산을 위한 패널화, 제작도면 추출에 관한 연구를 수행하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.473-479
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• 2020

Since the 21st century a free-form building has been noticeably constructed. Now the definition "the monumental architecture is a free-form one." has come to be established. As a free-form building became a landmark of the city and a factor rising a value of the building all around the world, it is currently required to consider a more efficient design process. Therefore this research aims to learn approaches of the lasting free-form design process by considering the design process of Dongdaemun Design Plaza(DDP) designed by 'Zaha Hadid' that is a typical free-form building of Korea and the correlation between the design in the conceptual stage and the BIM(Building Information Modeling) design in practical stage.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.84-96
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• 2013

Recently, architectural design has been changing from formal design to freeform design due to the digitalization of construction industry. Especially, the formal design has been accepted as a design trend recently and applied many times as a design concept in the architectural design competitions such as turn-key. However, various deflects such as water leak and cracks have been occurred because the traditional construction methods had been applied without any revision or adaptation of the formal construction method for the freeform building construction. Design and construction of freeform building has been developed as an new method in order to solve the problems and minimize the construction duration and cost for the freeform building. Therefore this research deduced the positive implications for developing freefrom envelope by analyzing the domestic and abroad cases and proposed the considerations during design and construction of the freeform envelope as follows. First, the freeform design should consider the constructability for the freeform envelope. Second, manufacturing technology for the two-way curvature of the unit panel should be developed. Third, exposed concrete form method should be developed for the freeform envelope of concrete. Forth, material characteristics, construction method and facility management should be considered in order to manage precipitation and keep water-proof according to the classification of the freeform envelope area.