• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

Background: Predicting the important role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on the acute ischemia-reperfusion injury, we set out to demonstrate it by assessing the degree of expression of ICAM-1 after warm ischemia-reperfusion in canine unilateral lung ischemia model. Material and Method: Left unilateral lung ischemia was induced by clamping the left hilum for 100 minutes in seven adult mongrel dogs. After reperfusion, various hemodynamic pararmeters and blood gases were analyzed for 4 hours, while intermittently clamping the right hilum in order to allow observation of the injured Ieft lung function. The pulmonary venous blood was collected serially to measure TNF- and cICAM-1 level. After 4 hours of reperfusion, the lung tissue was biopsied to assess cICAM-1 expression, and to measure tissue malondialdehyde(MDA) and ATP level. Result: The parameters including arterial oxygen partial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and tissue MDA and ATP level suggested severe lung damage. Serum TNF-$\alpha$ level was 8.76$\pm$2.37 ng/ml at 60 minutes after reperfusion and decreased thereafter. The cICAM-1 level showed no change after the reperfusion during the experiment. The tissue cICAM-1 expression was confirmed in 5 dogs. Conclusion: The increase of TNF-$\alpha$ Ievel and expression of tissue ICAM-1 were demonstrated after ischemia reperfusion injury in canine lung model.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2000

$(Bi_{0.15}Sb_{0.85})_2Te_3$ and $(Bi_{1-x}Sb_x)_2Te_3$ thermoelectric thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering process, and their thermoelectric characteristics were investigated with variation of the sputtering condition and the $Sb_2Te_3$ content. The $(Bi_{0.15}Sb_{0.85})_2Te_3$ film, deposited by DC sputtering at $300^{\circ}C$ with rotating the Corning glass substrate at 10 rpm, was fully crystallized to $(Bi,Sb)_2Te_3$ phase with c-axis preferred orientation. This $(Bi_{0.15}Sb_{0.85})_2Te_3$ film exhibited the Seebeck coefficient of 185 $\mu$V/K which was higher than the values of other $(Bi_{0.15}Sb_{0.85})_2Te_3$ films fabricated with different sputtering conditions. With increasing the $Sb_2Te_3$ content, the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of p-type $(Bi_{1-x}Sb_x)_2Te_3$ (0.77$\leq$x$\leq$1.0) film were lowered. Among p-type $(Bi_{1-x}Sb_x)_2Te_3$ films, a maximum power factor of $0.79{\times}10^{-3}W/K^2-m$ was obtained at (Bi_{0.05}Sb_{0.95})_2Te_3$ composition..

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2003

Recently, according to the rapid progress in Flat-panel-display industry, there has been a growing interest in the poly-Si process. Compared with a-Si, poly-Si offers significantly high carrier mobility, so it has many advantages to high response rate in Thin Film Transistors (TFT's). We have investigated a new process for the high temperature Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) of a-Si films without any damages on glass substrates using thin film heater. because the thin film heater annealing method is a very rapid thermal process, it has very low thermal budget compared to the conventional furnace annealing. therefore it has some characteristics such as selective area crystallization, high temperature annealing using glass substrates. A 500 $\AA$-thick a-Si film was crystallized by the heat transferred from the resistively heated thin film heaters through $SiO_2$ intermediate layer. a 1000 $\AA$-thick $TiSi_2$ thin film confined to have 15 $\textrm{mm}^{-1}$ length and various line width from 200 to 400 $\mu\textrm{m}$ was used as the thin film heater. By this method, we successfully crystallized 500 $\AA$-thick a-Si thin films at a high temperature estimated above $850^{\circ}C$ in a few seconds without any thermal deformation of g1ass substrates. These surprising results were due to the very small thermal budget of the thin film heaters and rapid thermal behavior such as fast heating and cooling. Moreover, we investigated the time dependency of the SPC of a-Si films by observing the crystallization phenomena at every 20 seconds during annealing process. We suggests the individual managements of nucleation and grain growth steps of poly-Si in SPC of a-Si with the precise control of annealing temperature. In conclusion, we show the SPC of a-Si by the thin film heaters and many advantages of the thin film heater annealing over other processes

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

We have studied the properties of Ag/undoped ZnO (ZnO) multilayer thin films deposited on glass substrate by the facing targets sputtering method. In an attempt to find out the optimum conditions of the Ag thin film, which would be coated on the ZnO thin film, we investigated the changes of sheet resistance, transmittance and surface morphology as a function of deposition times and the substrate temperature. The electrical and optical characteristics of Ag/ZnO multilayers were evaluated by a four-point probe, a UV/VIS spectrometer with a spectral range of 390-770 nm, a X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. We were able to prepare the Ag/ZnO multilayer thin film with sheet resistance of 9.25 $\Omega/sq.$ and transmittance of over 80% at 550nm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2012

In this study, the effects of surface oxide film formation on the fatigue behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were analyzed in terms of the corrosion time of the alloy. The aluminum material used is known to have high corrosion resistance due to the passivation phenomenon that prevents corrosion. Aluminum alloys have been widely used in various industrial applications such as aircraft component manufacturing because of their lighter weight and higher strength than other materials. Therefore, studies on the fatigue behavior of materials and passivation properties that prevent corrosion are required. The fatigue behavior in terms of the corrosion time was analyzed by using a four-pointing bending machine, and the surface corrosion level of the aluminum material in terms of the corrosion time was estimated by measuring the surface roughness. In addition, fractographic analysis was performed and the oxide films formed on the material surface were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that corrosion actively progressed for four weeks during the initial corrosion phase, the fatigue life significantly decreased, and the surface roughness increased. However, after four weeks, the corrosion reaction tended to slow down due to the passivation phenomenon of the material. Therefore, on the basis of SEM analysis results, it was concluded that the growth of the surface oxide film was reduced after four weeks and then the oxide film on the material surface served as a protection layer and prevented further corrosion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2000

This paper presents a control system that uses a fuzzy algorithm in controlling the depth of a model midwater trawl net, and experimental results carried out in the circulating water channel by using a model trawl winch system.The fuzzy controller calculates the length of the warp to be changed, based on the depth error between the desired depth and actual depth of the model trawl net and the ratio of change in the depth error. The error and the error change are calculated every sampling time. Then the control input, i.e. desirable length of the warp, is determined by inference from the linguistic control rules which an experienced captain or navigator uses in controlling the depth of the trawl winch controller and the length of the warp is changed. Two kinds of fuzzy control rules were tested, one was obtained from the actual operations used by a skilled skipper or navigator, and the other was a modified from the former by considering the hydrodynamic characteristics of the model trawl system.Two kinds of fuzzy control were tested, one was obtained fro the actual operations used by a skilled skipper or navigator, and the other was a modified from the former by considering the hydrodynamic characteristics of the model trawl system.The results of these model experiments indicate that the proposed fuzzy controllers rapidly follow the desired depth without steady-state error although the desired depth was given in one step, and show robustness properties against changes in the parameters such as the change of the towing sped. Especially, a modified rule shows smaller depth fluctuations and faster setting times than those obtained by a field oriented rule.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.612-618
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties of amaranth starch were compared with those of waxy rice and waxy corn starches. Amaranth starch granules vary from $1.1{\sim}1.9\;{\mu}m$ in diameter and are polygonal in shape. Total amylose contents from waxy rice, waxy corn and amaranth starches were 0.01, 0.03 and 0.07%, respectively. Swelling power of amaranth starch granule was slightly different from waxy rice. The swelling power of amaranth increased at $70^{\circ}C$. X-ray diffraction patterns of amaranth and other waxy cereal starches showed an A-type crystalline structure. Relative crystallinities of their starches were similar. According to pasting properties by Rapid Visco-Analyzer, amaranth starch showed a very high gelatinization temperature $(75.1^{\circ}C)$ and lower viscosity and higher stability than other waxy cereal starches during heating and cooling cycle. Peak onset temperatures (To) of starches from waxy rice, waxy corn and amaranth in DSC thermograms were $58.7{\sim}64.0$, 67.2 and $71.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, and their peak enthalpies were similar. Enthalpy of reheated amaranth starch after 3 day storage at $4^{\circ}C$ was higher than those of waxy corn and rices starchs.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

Probiotic principles can be applied in aquaculture for the purpose of growth and immunity stimulation, disease prevention and eventually better production performance. This study was to assess effects of combinations of microbes containing two Bacillus sp., plus one Lactobacillus sp. as the basal preparation (BSL-LAB), and additional Nitrosomonas sp. (nitrifying bacteria consortium, NBS) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The effects examined were growth parameters, hematologic parameters, innate immunity and pathogen challenge test. Fish were assigned to 4 treatments as Control (no probiotics), Group A (Bacillius and Lactobacillus to culture water), Group B (Bacillius and Lactobacillus both in water and feed), Group C (same as Group B with additional Nitrosomonas in feed). Fish were allocated to the above 4 groups, each group being composed of triplicate 30 fish, for a 7-week feeding in the laboratory. Positive effects were observed both in growth and pathogen sensitivity with all three probiotic combinations. Such effects were attributed to improved innate immune functions. This result indicates that the tested probiotic microbes are beneficial to olive flounder aquaculture.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.12
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• pp.83-88
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• 1969

In order to inhibit sprouting of garlics during the storage period and the extend their storage life, garlics were irradiated by gamma-rays $(Co^{60})$ and kept at room temperature. The effects of gammaradiation on sprouting inhibition, chemical contents during storage, and spoilage molds were investigated and the results are as follows. 1. Garlics obtained from Muan showed the shorter dormancy period and sprouted earlier than those from Dangjin. 2. Regarding the radioresistance, some differences were found between garlics from Muan and Dangjin. 3. The sprout of garlics from both areas was completely inhibited at 10 Krad and remarkable effect on sprouting was observed even with 5 Krad in case of garlics from Dangjin. 4. The rates of loss in moisture and weight were lower in irradiated lots than control. 5. Change of sugar content was not observed with ${\gamma}-irradiation$ under 300 Krad. 6. Spores of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus alliaceus were little germinated at a level of 300 Krad.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1997

The effects of the various raw material composition and sintered temperature on the physical properties of Ni-Zn ferrite have been investigated. They turned out to be spinel structure by X-ray diffraction and the size of grain from microscope was from 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 16 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. As the sintering temperature was increased from 1030 $^{\circ}C$ to 1070 $^{\circ}C$, the initial permeability and magnetic induction has increased and the both of Q factor and coercive force has decreased. The coercive force and curie temperature were almost the same at each specimen. Their values were about 0.20 Oe and 220 $^{\circ}C$. The frequency of specimen will used in the range from 400 kHz to 20 MHz. The basic composition of $Ni_{0.14}Zn_{0.64}Cu_{0.22}Fe_2O_4$ (specimen B) sintered at 1050 $^{\circ}C$ shows the best results at magnetic induction($B_r & B_m$).