• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.591-601
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• 2012

Olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus, were intraperitoneally challenged with Edwardsiella tarda or Streptococcus iniae or both bacteria simultaneously. The pathogenicity was respectively compared with blood chemical using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspatate aminotransferase (AST), glucose and total protein, lysozyme activity, bacterial number of kidney and spleen, histopathological change, and cumulative mortality. The tested group of coinfection showed increased cumulative mortality, bacterial number of kidney and spleen, AST and histopathological change, but not in lysozyme activity compared with others. This study provides support for the conclusion that simultaneous infection with Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae in a susceptible host results in higher pathogenicity, leading to the increment of bacterial number and the destruction of the internal organs.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-134
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• 1995

To induce an overpopulated melanomacrophage centers(MMCs) within spleen and kidney in tilapias, two methods were applied through the intraperitoneal inoculation of V. anguillarum FKC with a repeated dose of saline(the 1st induction group), and of colloidal carbon (the 2nd induction group). In the 1st group, both number and size of MMCs were slightly increased in spleen and head kidney. However in the 2nd group the two hemopoietic tissues were nearly occupied with quite a large number of MMCs. Regardless of induction groups, many of MMCs were confined within the walls of blood vessels in the spleen. Especially in the 2nd group, the MMCs without fibrous capsules often had concentrically or eccentrically located, thin-walled lumens of vessels, which strongly suggests to be ellipsoids. In head kidney, nearly all MMCs were located within or just around the lymphocytic areas but the precise relationship to blood vessel wall was not obvious. Despite of such overpopulated MMCs, no histopathological degenerative findings in hemopoetic parenchymas of both organs were recognized. To evaluate the effect on defensive function, tilapias of the 2nd group were challenged with E. tarda. Susceptabilities to E. tarda were never increased but rather significantly decreased compared to control. Weekly antibody titres in sera were determined for all induction groups, in which the titres in the 1st and 2nd groups were 4 or 8 times higher than in the control, and then remained high until the 4th week. Also with the hemopoietic function, cellular compositions of peripheral blood were analyzed at weekly intervals but no significant changes resulted. From those results, it is suggested that overcrowding of MMCs would not lead to any morphological as well as functional deteriorations of spleen and head kidney but have an intimate association with enhancement of protective immune system in tilapias.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of immune cell activation and the antitumor effect for the combination of treatment with X-irradiation and E/eutherococcus senticosus Maxim Root (ESMR) on mouse tumor cells. Materials and Methods: ESMR (250g) was extracted with 80% methanol, concentrated under decompression and lyophilized. To determine whether ESMR is able to activate the immune cells or not, the proliferation of splenocytes in vitro and the number of B cells and T cells in splenic lymphocytes in ESMR-pretreated mice were evaluated. X-irradiation was given to the mouse fibrosarcoma tumor cells (FSa II) by 250 kv X-irradiation machine. The cytotoxicity of ESMR was evaluated from its ability to reduce the clonogenecity of FSa II cells. In X-irradiation alone group, each 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy was given to FSa II cells. In X-irradiation with ESMR group, 0.2 mg/ml of ESMR was exposed to FSa II cells for 1 hour before X-irradiation. Results: The proliferation of cultured mouse splenocytes and thymocytes were enhanced by the addition of ESMR in vitro. The number of B cells and T cells in mouse splenic lymphocytes was significantly increased in ESMR pretreated mice in vivo. In FSa II cells that received a combination of 0.2 mg/ml of ESMR with X-irradiation exposure, the survival fraction with a dose of 2, 4 and 6 Gy was $0.39{\pm}0.005$, $0.22{\pm}0.005$ and $0.06{\pm}0.007$, respectively. For FSa II cells treated with X-irradiation alone, the survival fraction with a dose of 2, 4 and 6 Gy was $0.76{\pm}0.02$, $0.47{\pm}0.008$ and $0.37{\pm}0.01$. The difference in the survival fraction of the mouse FSa II cells treated with and without ESMR was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with ESMR increased cell viability of mouse splenocytes in vitro and especially the subpopulation of B cells and T cells in splenocytes in ESMR-pretreated mice. However, treatment with ESMR did not increase the level of Th and Tc subpopulations in the thymocytes. Treatment with the combination of ESMR and X-irradiation was more cytotoxic to mouse tumor cells than treatment with X-irradiation alone; this finding was statistically significant.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2000

From August to October 1998, over 60% mortality of cultured striped beakperch Oplegnathus fasciatus was occurred in net cages along the southern coast of Korea. Moribund fish showed some clinical signs of lethargic behavior, dark coloration or decoloration, severe gill anemia and enlargement of spleen. Also enlarged basophilic cells showing Feulgen -positive reaction were observed in the tissue section of spleen, kidney, liver and heart of the diseased fish. GF cells inoculated with spleen homogenate of diseased fish produced cytopathic effect of enlarged and rounded cells, therefore the causative virus was isolated from diseased fish. Striped beakperch fingerlings intraperitoneally inoculated with the causative virus ($10^4TCID_{50}$/0.1 ml) revealed symptoms similar to those of naturally infected fish and died from 7 to 14 days post injection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the causative virus was enveloped icosahedral particle with 120~130 nm in diameter. PCR products of the expected size (500 bp) were amplified with a primer set based on the ATPase gene of RSIV(red sea bream iridovirus) using template DNAs which were extracted from the spleen of diseased fish and GF cells inoculated with the causative virus. According to the analysis of nucleotide sequence of these PCR products, the sequence from ATPase cDNA gene of the causative virus showed 95% homology with that of RSIV. These results indicate that the mass mortality in the cultured striped beakperch was caused by the infection of iridovirus similar to RSIV.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2022

This study investigated the immunostimulatory effect of enzymatic porcine placental hydrolyzate (EPPH) in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated rats. This effect of EPPH prevented Cy-induced decreases in body, spleen, and thymus weights and natural killer (NK) cell activity. The numbers of immune cells, such as white blood cells, granulocytes, and lymphocytes, and mid-range absolute counts were significantly higher compared to the control group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were notably reduced by Cy, while EPPH prevented these effects. Histopathological analysis of spleen samples revealed the protective effect of EPPH against Cy-induced immunosuppression. The findings demonstrate that EPPH can alleviate immunosuppression by cell viability, tissue damage, and regulation of the levels of cytokines. EPPH may have value as a component of immunostimulatory agents or an ingredient in functional foods.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.2045-2046
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• 2011

뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 장애인은 뇌손상으로 인해 운동 및 감각 신경 통로의 장애가 있어, 기립 및 보행 시 비정상적인 행태를 보이는 경우가 많다. 과도한 외회전은 보행 시 안전성을 보장 받기 어려워 낙상 등 신체적 위험에 처할 수 있고, 또한 비장애인의 보행과의 시각적 차이로 인하여 환자들의 심리적 위축감을 가중시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 외회전 보행 시 편마비 장애인에게 피드백을 주어 자가 교정이 가능하도록 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이는 외회전 보행을 하는 편마비 장애인의 보행 교정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 2007

양파(노란색, 붉은색, 흰색)의 열수 추출물이 DNCB로 감작된 4주령 BALB/c mouse 암컷에 유도된 접촉성 피부염의 억제효과를 조사하였다. 림프절, 비장 및 흉선의 무게는 양파 투여군이 DNCB 대조군보다는 낮게 나타났다. 양파 추출물을 투여한 군에서 귀의 무게는 양파 추출물의 농도가 높을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 대조군과 비교하여 무게에 함량 변화가 있었다. 양파추출물을 1,000 mg/kg 농도로 투여하면 귀의 무게는 대조군과 유사한 수준까지 낮아졌으며, 귀의 두께는 양파추출물을 투여한 군에서 시간이 경과할수록 두께가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. MDA 함량은 DNCB대조군과 양파 투여군을 비교하였을 경우에, 간 조직에서 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 염증이 발생한 귀 조직에서는 차이가 나타났으며, NO 함량은 모든 양파그룹에서 염증이 억제되어 대조군에 유사하게 측정되었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2013

Although a majority of patients with splenic rupture present acutely, up to 15% present with a delayed rupture days to weeks following a substantial abdominal injury. The mortality for patients presenting with acute splenic rupture is approximately 1% whereas that associated with delayed rupture approaches 15%. Although many cases of delayed splenic rupture have been reported, the majority of those reports present delayed splenic rupture associated with an underlying systemic disorder such as liver or kidney disease, or another hematologic disorder. We found a delayed splenic rupture case that documented the normal spleens of young healthy soldiers after trivial abdominal trauma, and we have had successful treatment experience with delayed rupture of a normal spleen after trivial trauma. Therefore, we want to review the literature and discuss the phenomenon of delayed rupture of the spleen following trivial trauma.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2012

최근의 건축물은 다양한 소재의 마감재를 사용함으로서 화재 발생시 다양한 연소가스를 배출한다. 이때 건축물 내부의 화재에 노출된 재실자는 열 및 화상의 위험성과 함께 연기 및 독성가스의 피해를 받기 쉽다. 본 연구에서는 건축물 화재시 발생될 수 있는 HCl에 대한 표준가스를 제작하여 가스유해성시험을 수행하고, HCl 표준가스에 노출된 실험용 쥐의 표적장기적출실험을 수행하였다. 이를 통해서 유독가스에 노출된 실험용 쥐의 해부를 통한 표적장기-심장(Heart), 간(Liver), 폐(Lung), 비장(Spleen), 신장(Kidney), 흉선(Thymus)-의 손상여부와 KS F 2271에 의한 평균행동정지시간과의 관계를 분석하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2001

The alkaline comet assay, employing a single-cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE), is a rapid, simple and sensitive technique for visualizing and measuring DNA damage leading to strand breakage in individual mammalian cells. The protecting effect of pretreatment with vitamin C and cysteine on the DNA damage of gamma ray was investigated in mice splenic lymphocytes. Vitamin C and cysteine were administered orally for five consecutive days before irradiation. Four week old ICR male mice were irradiated wish 3.5Gy of γ-radiation and were sacrificed 3 days later. Spleens were taken for DNA damage examination by Comet assay and the tail moments of DNA single -strand breaks in tole splenic lymphocytes were evaluated. The results show that pretreatment with vitamin C and cysteine were effective in protecting against DNA damage by gamma ray. Administration of antioxidants like vitamin C and cysteine to mice before irradiation was effective in reducing the tail moment of splenic lymphocytes DNA.