• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2003

고형오구의 분산안정화 작용은 고체 입자의 계면에 흡착한 계면활성제에 의한 전기적 반발력과 입체적 보호작용에 영향을 받게 된다. 특히 현재 시판세제의 조성에서 비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합이 점차 중요시되는 이때 입체적 보호작용에 의한 고형오구의 분산안정성은 의류제품의 세척성 제고에 좋은 정보가 되리라 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구는 시판되고 있는 세제 대부분이 음-비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합으로 되어 있는 점을 고려하여 음이온 계면활성제로서 D5S(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), 비이온계 계면활성계 NPE(nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, EO$_{10}$) 혼합용액에서 음이온과 비이온계 계면활성제의 입자에의 흡착과 고형오구의 안정성을 관련시켜 고찰하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.198-202
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• 2006

국내의 대표적인 지하수 오염물질인 trichloroethylene(TCE)을 반응벽체의 일종인 영가철을 이용하여 처리할 때 계면활성제가 미치는 영향을 다양한 계면활성제를 이용하여 조사하였다. 비이온성 계면활성제와 음이온성 계면활성제는 TCE의 탈염소화 반응속도는 감소시켰으나 양이온성 계면활성제는 임계미셀농도 (CMC) 미만에서는 반응속도를 증가시켰으나, CMC 이상의 농도에서는 반응속도를 감소시켰다. 양이온성 계면활성제는 TCE의 철 표면 흡착을 증가시켜, 철 표면에서 일어나는 TCE의 탈염소화 반응속도를 증가시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

The effects of surfactant types and the ratio of nonionic and anionic surfactants on the washing of diesel contaminated soil were investigated. In batch tests, the nonionic surfactant, which has HLB within 12-13, showed a high diesel removal efficiency and Tergitol 15-S-7 (T15S7) with 20 g/L concentration exhibited the highest removal efficiency of 79-88% among the tested nonionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants, in general, showed lower removal efficiency than nonionic surfactants. In case of mixed surfactant system, the removal efficiency increased with nonionic surfactant concentration. With mixed surfactants of T15S7 and SDS as 3 : 1 ratio, diesel removal was enhanced to 76% with 10 g/L of the mixed surfactants. These results could be used in the selection of proper surfactants for remediation of diesel contaminated soils.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.282-291
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• 2012

The PGLE and PGLE3 nonionic surfactants were synthesized from the reaction between glycidol and lauryl acid and their structures were confirmed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. The CMCs of PGLE and PGLE3 surfactants were found to be $3.59{\times}10^{-2}$ mol/L and $8.80{\times}10^{-2}$ mol/L respectively and the surface tensions at their CMC conditions were 26.09 mN/m and 28.68 mN/m respectively. Dynamic surface tension measurement has shown that the adsorption rate of surfactant molecules at the interface between air and surfactant solution was found to be relatively fast in both surfactant systems, presumably due to high mobility of surfactant molecules. The contact angles of PGLE and PGLE3 nonionic surfactants were $25.5^{\circ}$ and $9.5^{\circ}$ respectively. Dynamic interfacial tension measurement showed that both surfactant systems reached equilibrium in 20 minutes and the interfacial tensions at equilibrium condition in both systems were 0.42 mN/m and 0.53 mN/m respectively. The PGLE surfactant system has indicated higher foam stability than the PGLE3 surfactant system, which is consistent with surface tension measurement. The phase behavior experiments performed at $25{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ in systems containing nonionic surfactant, water, n-hydrocarbon oil and cosurfactant showed a lower phase or oil in water microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil phase at all conditions investigated during this study.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.876-880
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• 1999

The surfactant self-diffusion coefficients of mixed micellar solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants have been measured by the NMR pulsed field gradient spin echo(FT-PGSE) method. In addition, the line widths of $^1H$ NMR signal have been monitored. The system investgated are $C_{12}EO_5/SDS/D_2O$, $C_{12}EO_5/DTAC/D_2O$, and $C_{12}EO_8/SDS/D_2O$. In the sample series, the molar ratios of $D_2O$ to surfactant(ionic+nonionic) were kept constant while the surfactant mixing ratio was varied. For the $C_{12}EO_5$ system, the surfactant self-diffusion coefficient indicates minimum when the surfactant mixing ratio is about 20% ionic surfactant. The observed decrease in self-diffusion coefficients as nonionic surfactant was replaced by ionic surfactant is interpreted to mainly be due to an increased micelle-micelle repulsion. The increase in self-diffusion coefficients occurring at higher fraction of ionic surfactant is shown to be due to a decrease in micelle size. For the $C_{12}EO_8$ system, the effect of the surfactant mixing ratio is much weaker which can be understood by considering the molecular geometry and large headgroup area. The proton NMR line widths correlate well with the self-diffusion coefficients and broadening of the alkyl chain methylene signals is found when the self-diffusion coefficients is low.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.313-315
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• 2005

비이온성 계면활성제의 화학적 구조에 따른 리모넨의 유화분산시 입경변화와 세정성을 비교검토한 결과 리모넨과 계면활성제의 사용비가 30:1의 소량을 사용하여도 충분한 세정성을 보였으며, 에스테르 구조를 가진 계면활성제가 유화능력이 우수하여 에멀젼 입경이 작고 접착력은 크며, 접촉각이 작아 가장 우수한 세정성을 나타내었다. 그리고 에테르 구조의 계면활성제간 비교로부터 방향족 고리 구조보다 지방족 사슬구조가 에멀젼의 입경이 작고 세정성이 우수하였다. 에멀젼의 안전성은 에스테르계가 가장 우수하였다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 1999

The effects of hydrophobic chain length and its structure of nonionic surfactants on surfactant adsorption and contaminated diesel removal were studied in kaolin soil. Hydrocarbon chain length and double bond in hydrophobic tail group of nonionic surfactants affected surfactant adsorption and diesel removal efficiency from kaolin soil. The degrees of surfactant adsorption and diesel removal were closely related each other. Among nonionic surfactants we studied, surfactants with shorter hydrophobic chain length and higher HLB value showed lower degree of adsorption and higher efficiency of diesel removal. The existence of unsaturated carbons in the structure of hydrophobic chain enhanced diesel removal by reducing surfactant adsorption to kaolin soil. The best diesel removal was obtained after adsorption saturation was reached. If surfactant concentration was higher than a critical value, diesel removal was reduced probably because of precipitation. liquid crystal formation, or coacervation of surfactants at high concentration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2007

In this study, the effects of additives such as ionic surfactant and cosurfactant were studied on the solubilization of sulfur compounds contained in the crude oil by Tergitol series nonionic surfactants. It was found that the addition of an ionic surfactant such as sodium oleate, potassium oleate, CTAB and DTAB did not enhance solubilization capacity of Tergitol series nonionic surfactant. On the other hand, the addition of a long-chain alcohol as a cosurfactant increased the solubilization of sulfur compounds in the crude oil. The effect of alcohol was found to become reduced with an increase in the amount of crude oil used mainly due to partitioning phenomena of an nonionic surfactant. The enhancement of solubilizing capacity of Tergitol series nonionic surfactant with addition of a cosurfactant was associated with a decrease in interfacial tension between crude oil and surfactant solution. The pH of Tergitol nonionic surfactant solution did not affect the solubilization of sulfur compounds. Finally, it was found that the growth of sulfur reducing microoganisms was not greatly affected by both addition of nonionic surfactant and cosurfactant.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 1994

It was investigated that the effects of surfactant to cosurfactant ratio on the stability and rheological properties of o/w microemulsion. The stability of microemulsion was good in the surfactant to cosurfactant ratio 20/40 - 30/30. In the point of rheological properties, a yield stress meande the inner structure formation was detected and the area of hysteresis loop was increased with increasing of surfactant content of the ratio. The microemulsion prepared by the Microfluidizer was characterized by rheopetic.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 1990

The conditions for separation and identification of anionic and nonionic surfactants by thin layer chromatography were investigated. Polyoxy alkylene-type nonionic surfactants were identified by the distribution of alkyl chain and alkylene oxide. Various polyoxyethylenated nonyl phenols were easily distinguished by densitometer. Some anionic surfactants were identified by $R_f$ and color, and the mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants were separated. Polyoxyethylenated fatty acid was separated into three parts of diester, monoester and polyethylene glycol, respectively, and the mixed ratio was determined by densitomer. All the experiments were carried out in 13-20 minutes, and the length of run was 80mm.